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Artificial Optical Radiation Cyan 100% Magenta 76% Yellow 0 Black 27% Guidance for Employers on the Control of Artifi cial Optical Radiation at Work Regulations 2010 Our vision: A national culture where all commit to safe and healthy workplaces and the safe and sustainable management of chemicals Contents Introduction 2 General background information 4 Purpose of the Regulations 5 Requirement of the Control of Artifi cial Optical Radiation at Work Regulations 2010 7 Annexes 14 Annex (A): List of safe light sources 14 Annex (B): Work activities which generate hazardous levels of intense light and the appropriate control measures for them 15 Annex (C): Hierarchical approach for more complex risk assessments 20 Annex (D): List of key safety signs 23 Annex (E): Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 23 Annex (F): List of less common issues that may be relevant to your business 25 Annex (G): Sources of further Information 25 Published in 2010 by the Health and Safety Authority, The Metropolitan Building, James Joyce Street, Dublin 1. ©All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the Health and Safety Authority. Introduction Artifi cial optical radiation exists in most It applies to all undertakings where workers workplaces. Many present little or no risk of may be exposed to artifi cial optical radiation. causing injury or ill health and some allow work It aims to lead users through a logical path for activities to be carried out safely. assessing the risk from exposure of workers to artifi cial optical radiation. All workers are exposed to artifi cial optical radiation. One of the challenges is to ensure The objective of the Guide is to give practical that sources that may present a risk of exposing assistance for the prevention of occupational workers to levels in excess of the exposure limit accidents or ill health associated with sources of values are adequately assessed without the artifi cial optical radiation. It is not intended as a burden of having to assess the majority of legal interpretation of the legislation. sources that do not present a risk under This Guide should be read in conjunction with reasonably foreseeable circumstances – the the Control of Artifi cial Optical Radiation at so-called ‘safe light’ sources. Work Regulations 2010. If you require a more The Health and Safety Authority has produced in-depth understanding, you are advised to this Guide to help businesses satisfy themselves consult the guide produced by the EU entitled A that they are protecting their workers from Non-Binding Guide to the Artifi cial Optical harm associated with very intense light. Radiation Directive 2006/25/EC available at www.hse.gov.uk This Guide aims to give employers guidance on the Control of Artifi cial Optical Radiation at The Regulations transpose Directive 2006/25/ Work Regulations 2010 (S.I. No. 176 of 2010) EC of the European Parliament and Council of available at www.deti.ie 5 April 2006 on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of The Regulations lay down the minimum safety workers to risks arising from physical agents requirements for the exposure of workers to (artifi cial optical radiation). risks arising from artifi cial optical radiation. The Regulations do not provide a defi nition of This Guide is primarily intended to assist artifi cial optical radiation. Natural sources such employers, and in particular small and as volcanic eruptions, the sun and refl ected medium-sized enterprises. 2 Guidance for Employers on the Control of Artifi cial Optical Radiation at Work Regulations 2010 Cyan 100% Magenta 76% Yellow 0 Black 27% Introduction solar radiation from, for example, the moon, of other specifi c applications; to present an are clearly excluded. assessment methodology; and also, in some cases, to suggest that further assistance should Optical radiation is a form of non-ionising be sought. radiation and should not be confused with ionising radiation, which is potentially much There are a number of applications of artifi cial more harmful than non-ionising radiation. optical radiation which require direct exposure of employees at levels that may The Regulations do not specifi cally exclude any exceed the exposure limit values. These include artifi cial optical radiation source. However, many some entertainment and medical applications. sources, such as indicator lights on electrical Such applications will need thorough risk equipment, are trivial sources of optical assessments to ensure that the exposure limit radiation. This Guide provides a list of ‘safe values are not exceeded. light’ sources that can be generically assessed as not likely to exceed the exposure limit values The Regulations came into effect on 29 April contained within Schedule 11 of the 2010. Regulations. This guidance includes: There will be some worker exposure scenarios • a list of light sources that are considered which are very intricate and therefore beyond ‘safe light’ sources that will not cause the scope of this Guide. You should seek further harm during their normal use advice on assessing intricate exposure scenarios. (see Annex (A)) and The Regulations cover all artifi cial sources of • examples of work activities which optical radiation from a humble light bulb to a generate hazardous levels of intense light Class 4 laser. Since the Regulations are so and suggested appropriate control all-embracing there is a need to identify measures (see Annex (B)). applications of artifi cial optical radiation that are so insignifi cant with regard to health, that no further assessment is required. This Guide is intended to give an indication of such ‘safe light’ sources; to provide guidance for a number Guidance for Employers on the Control of Artifi cial Optical Radiation at Work Regulations 2010 3 Cyan 100% Magenta 76% Yellow 0 Black 27% General background information What is artifi cial optical radiation? Health effects of exposure to optical radiation Optical radiation is another term for light, covering ultraviolet (UV) radiation, visible light Optical radiation is absorbed in the outer layers and infrared radiation. of the body and, therefore, its biological effects are mostly confi ned to the skin and eyes. Any man-made source of light, whether visible or invisible, is considered to be artifi cial optical The risk posed by optical radiation depends on radiation. Offi ce lighting, computer displays, the type of radiation, its intensity and the part blowtorches, welding arcs and stage lighting are of the body that is exposed to it. The symptoms all examples of typical artifi cial optical radiation of excessive exposure are well defi ned and the sources. The majority of light sources in most areas of the body most at risk are the skin and workplaces are considered trivial and do not the eyes. present any signifi cant optical risk to workers. Exposure of the eyes to optical radiation can damage the cornea and lens, and produce pain and symptoms similar to that of sand in the eye. The effects on the skin range from redness, burning and blistering and accelerated ageing through to various types of skin cancer. These adverse effects are rare as artifi cial sources of optical radiation are well controlled. The misuse of powerful lasers can cause serious damage to the eye, including blindness, as well as producing skin burns. 4 Guidance for Employers on the Control of Artifi cial Optical Radiation at Work Regulations 2010 Cyan 100% Magenta 76% Yellow 0 Black 27% Purpose of the Regulations Why are the Regulations needed? Whether optical radiation is produced deliberately for use or as an unintended A small number of intense sources of light at by-product of a process, it is still necessary work can damage your eyes and skin, and need to control it. to be managed properly. Adherence to these Regulations will ensure that all workers at risk Artifi cially generated optical radiation is present of exposure to artifi cial optical radiation are in most workplaces, but certain workplaces protected. contain more hazardous sources than others. What work activities are likely to be Examples of hazardous sources of very intense affected by the Regulations? light that pose a risk of harm to the eyes and skin of workers which require control measures It is diffi cult to think of an occupation that does include: not involve, at some point, exposure to artifi cially generated optical radiation. Everyone • metal working involving welding (both arc who works in an indoor environment is likely to and oxy-fuel) and plasma cutting, be exposed to optical emissions from lighting • pharmaceuticals and research , where UV and computer screens. Outdoor workers may fl uorescence and sterilisation may be in use, require some form of task lighting when natural illumination is insuffi cient. • hot industries, such as glass and metal working, where furnaces emit infrared Apart from ever-present sources, such as radiation, lighting and computer screens, artifi cial optical radiation may be produced either deliberately, • print industries, where inks and paints are as a necessary part of some process, or else as often set by the process of photo-induced an unwanted by-product. For example, in order polymerisation, to induce fl uorescence in a penetrant dye, it is • motor vehicle repairs, where paints can be necessary to produce UV radiation and expose UV cured, the dye to it. On the other hand, the production of copious UV
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