WIDER Working Paper 2020/83 Competitive dynamics of telecommunications markets in South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe Genna Robb and Anthea Paelo* June 2020 Abstract: Low levels of broadband penetration combined with poor quality of services present a challenge to growth and development in the Southern African Development Community (SADC). This paper performs a comparative analysis of the competitive dynamics of telecommunications markets in four SADC countries and relates this to outcomes for consumers. From a mobile perspective, a common theme is that while entrants have attracted subscribers, they have struggled to grow revenues and compete effectively due to tariff-mediated network effects and the high cost of building a network. Fixed markets are underdeveloped and highly concentrated. Access to fixed and mobile infrastructure is a challenge, in spite of regulations mandating access in most countries. Where mobile money has taken off, this has sometimes exacerbated network effects and enhanced the market power of incumbents, although the development of interoperability in some countries has had a positive impact. The findings suggest that regulation has often been ineffective in facilitating competition in telecommunications markets in SADC. Key words: competition, fixed and mobile infrastructure, interoperability, Southern African Development Community, telecommunications JEL classification: L1, L51, L96 Acknowledgements: The paper was presented at a seminar titled ‘The potential for cheap, high quality telecommunications services in Africa panel session’ at the Centre for Competition, Regulation and Economic Development at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa, on 13 February 2020. * Both authors: Centre for Competition, Regulation and Economic Development, University of Johannesburg, South Africa; corresponding author:
[email protected] This study has been prepared within the UNU-WIDER project Southern Africa – Towards Inclusive Economic Development (SA-TIED).