barr = bolt, bar enclosing animals on it at bagaroot = turnip Eng. night bah = gate hinge bal = a mine C Cornish banal = broom plants kalx= lime Hedges baren = small branch cammik = rest-harrow Library est 1994 barges = buzzard carneth = heap of rocks barles, barlez = barley casting up = replacing soil www.cornishhedges.co.uk bedewen = birch tree run or fallen off a hedge bethan = meadow Eng. GLOSSARY OF beorth = cattle enclosure cadgwith = thicket ASSOCIATED bownans = lifetime (yn ow chawk =jackdaw CORNISH WORDS bewanas = as long as I chikkiar eithen = furze live) chat, stonechat Some Cornish language bigal = cowman clos, cluit = hurdle, gap in and dialect words relating bilders = water dropwort, hedge to the countryside and hemlock clugyar = partridge hedges, their function & bledgan = a flower cluit = a watttled gate, gap wildlife. Written Cornish blowth = blossom in hedge is derived from many old bod an ethen = sparrow cockedge = a trimmed documents with a variety hawk thorn hedge (also used for of spellings, not all being bool = an axe, hatchet drying clothes) Eng. shown. Dialect words bowlan = cattle pound coffen, coffin, cofan = tin derived from English are bolt = a stone-built drain quarry, open to grass. shown Eng. Eng. cogegoes = green bothen = corn marigold woodpecker Main source: Eng. colmy = to bind Gerlyver Noweth bottoms = a narrow cumpas = level, straight Kernewek-Sawsnek Ha uncultivated valley floor conen = rabbits Sawsnek-Kernewek (A (Cornish straze) Eng. core, coor = eight hours New Cornish Dictionary) bounder = lane leading work. by R. Morton Nance pub. from the homestead to corlan = sheep pen Dyllansow Truran 1990. pasture Eng. cos, coose = a wood bran = a crow cothan = bedrock breach = heathy ground on country = the ground itself, A which the turf has been especially used of that agroas = rose-hips cut and burnt Eng. about or near an aiglet = haw-berry breath = herd grazing excavation Eng. anaf = slow worm common land cank = dog rose aras = to plough (aras en breilu = primrose(s) clicket = gate fastener kensa an todn = to plough brogh = a badger clidga = muddy area first the ley) browse, bruss = shrubby around gateway &c. ascallan = thistle growth, kindling colan = pigeon or dove azan = barrel-stave, rib britton = thrift, sea pink collan = hazel tree adgy = a gap, esp. a gap in budnan = meadow cran = bracken, scrub (cf. a hedge beuh = cow reden) atal = mine rubbish, refuse bulas = hemlock creeb, criban = roof ridge, or waste. bullum = fruit of the top of hedge avallom = apple tree bullace tree Eng. creen = readily split stone, awhesyth = skylark burn = a load, as much brittle turf, furze, straw, hay &c crellas = ancient ruined B as one can carry Eng. hut, excavation in a hedge bagas eithin = furze bush buorth = land manured by roofed over for shelter cricken (cricks, crinnicks) drok-dewedha = to come to gew, kew = best field on = dry sticks for kindling a bad end the farm (prob. nearest and croft = uncultivated durn = side post of a door oldest field) enclosed land esp. for or gate. girgirik = partridge growing furze dygea = to unenclose, gladdy = yellow hammer crokkan = a snare for unfence glastanen = holm oak rabbit and hare (Ilex) crobman = reaphook, E gleth = chickweed sickle edil = plough handle glastan = oak tree (see also cronag du = toad egr diu = daisy dar) cronag mellin = frog ehal = draught animal glaswedhen = sapling crow = hut, hovel, or sty eithen = furze, gorse glaw = rain cue = ox shoe elaw = elm trees glawgy = shelter cuntl, terry = to pick or enlidan, ledanen = plantain glaws (gloas, gloz) = dry pluck ent = to empty out, rain cow dung used as fuel cunys, kinnis = fuel, heavily. "Es enten down" glit = hoar frost firewood Eng. glosen = dried cow-dung cutting and casting up = ervinan = turnip fuel repairing turf hedge Eng. ethen = birds glowwyth = trees for ewder = straightness charcoal D gluth = dew da = fallow deer F godegh = lurking-place, dar = oak tree (also falh = scythe cover for wildlife glastan) falky = ready for mowing godror = small hometead dash (tash, tosh) = fave = bean gulran-gea = hedge- unbound faggot of furze fow, vow = badger or fox sparrow dashel, dysel = sow thistle hole goon = undivided davas = sheep felga = ready to split moorland part of a farm or denewes = young ox or fellon = hawkweed parish. heifer fenton = natural spring goon = flatish downland, devith = uncultivated ferdhyn-tyr = land-farthing unenclosed pasture, waste land (quarter of Cornish acre) usually shared between dowrak = soggy fern = bracken especially farms deyl = leaves after cutting and stacking gord (goad) = 9ft rod for doer = earth, soil, ground Eng. cattle, used for measuring doerhok = nightjar foar = drill, furrow a "lace", 39 sq yards. ? dowran = watering place vor = road perch of land Eng. durgy = otter fôs = a wall (cf. kee = a gorra, foen = hay dralyer = trailing stem of hedge) gothal = watery scrub, plant eg bramble (extended fradge = to mend a gap in a willow carr to follower, sweetheart) hedge gothfys = honeysuckle, dreth = sand, gravel freath = gap in, or a, woodbine drevas = arable crop wattled hedge. gouwan = moth dreave = barren, empty (as frith = quickthorn hedge goyf = the winter a nut without a kernel) gre = a herd drez an vledhan = all the G greet = dry earth. year round gadga = daisy grelin = horse/cattle pond dreyn, drannack, yrynen = gadja-vrawz = oxeye daisy grend (grin, gren) = rabbit blackthorn bushes (cf. gahen = henbane snare, a loop in a chain (? spern = hawthorn) gar = a stem crokkan ?) dreynek = thorn thicket garth = small enclosure gribble = a rooted cutting dreys = brambles gaver = goat of a plant drim = ridge geler = coffin gridge = a small fragment of a stone Eng. gwrythya = to take root enclose griggan = grasshopper gwiban = fly keggas = Alexanders, griglan = heathland, bushy gwybesen = gnat, hemlock, or similar heather. midge, mosquito keleren = pig-nut, earth-nut grip = ditch along the foot guilkin = frog kelleel = plough stick, of a hedge Eng. gweeth = wood, grove coulter growan = decomposed gwescas = covering, kelly, killy = small wood granite, often used as core coating, layer kelinan = holly tree for hedges. kenidgak = place for getting grig = heather H fuel groundya = to lay have = summer kennegan = marsh or bog foundations, grounders hager gowas = kentra = to spike, fix with guarrak = cattle cloudburst one nail gucu = bluebell hagglan, haggles = haws kerdhynen = mountain ash, (Camborne/Redruth) Eng. hained up = to shut off a rowan gueal = enclosed field field for hay, also kerh = oats (usually arable), ground preserved by tin kerth = property (as of right) sometimes in multiple bounds Eng. kees = hedged, closed occupation by villagers. hale = moor (as in mire) kekezna = Cornish heath guennol = swallow hare = honeysuckle kezan = turf or peat cut for guhien = wasp haze = seed fuel guradnan = wren haza = to set seed kevelak = woodcock gurgy (gurgo, gorge, havrak = land tilled for keverang = hundred of gurgow, gurgoe &c) = fallow county ancient low hedge, usually heap = turnip kew = enclosure, close, field pre-Mediaeval & broken- heblyth = pliant, flexible kewny = moss, lichen &c. down; also ancient low helagon = willow, kevar = land ploughed hedges (usually both sides sallow jointly of an old lane) hendra = original or kib a gap = to mend a hedge guern = swamp with alders winter homestead with thorns, and put tabs or guersyn = spindle henvor = abandoned turves to keep them down. guhyen = apple bee, wasp road kibbed = fenced off with gurthyd = ox-goad heskan = sedge bog bushes, furze, &c. guersyn = wind heth = stag kilvin = plough tail gwage = uninhabited, empty hewas = summer dairy killas = clayey slate gwandra = to ramble, stroll, farm kinnis = fuel for fire esp. wander holm-scritch = missel turf, furze & scrub. Not gwnath = wheat thrush Eng. wood or coal gweal = arable land hogan = haw kyfor = hollow way guedhan = a tree hôh = sow (pig) guedhan-knufan = hazel- L bush hoppes = hops lace, les = landyard of 18 gwetnak = tree-grown place, feet square ?perch full of trees I lastethes = filth, vermin, gweel kea = to build a hedge igotty = keeper for gate weeds &c. gwelz = the grass fastener launder, londer = gutter gwenan = bee ivre, eaver = darnel leasing = picking stones gweras = ground, soil, earth, lehan = flag-stone mould K lem = to strip Eng. gwarnik = marshy, swampy kea = hedge bank (in leaz = breadth gwernam = alder-trees neb toll kea = in some lesdushak = betony gwythrose = honeysuckle hole of a hedge) leskes = burnt gwradnan = wren keas = to hedge, fence, laister = yellow flag lidn = pond rick chip. logas = mice mungern = horse-collar prill = small solid eg sheep- lobm = bare, naked dropping, stone chip. ludnu = cattle N predn = timber tree lokles = mugwort noswyth = in the night pry = clay-earth, cob lowarth = garden nyth = bird's nest preve = 'creepy-crawlie' lowarn = fox pillas = naked oats (Avena loog = undergrowth of O nuda) weed, clover, &c. among odgon, ohan = oxen pigol = hoe, mattock, pick corn onnen = ash tree axe lidziw = ashes orgal = woundwort linas = nettles out-of-core = out of Q lene= stitch, strip of land, regular working hours quithias = herdsman often part of field in Eng. multiple occupation owna = to make right, to R lis- = former admin. centre, mend radgel = ground covered manorial court oye = egg with loose rocks, fox's earth lubbas, lobmas = ramsan, ransy = wild garlic unproductive ground P recam = grassy side of a luzu = vegetation, weeds pagespaw = lizard hedge luzumoh = hogweed pal, ref = shovel redan = bracken parah, tonak = herd or reeze = for grain to shed out M flock of ear madere = groundsel park = enclosed field, ros = heathland hill slope or maglen = a trap, gin sometimes pasture spur (cf. goon) maggy-uler = the goat moth pedripromter = ruddock = robin maruran = raven knapweed (lit. priest's ryp = beside margh = a horse heads) maun, maud, gurry = large pednan = small pieces of S wicker basket Eng. turf. saw = backload, horseload meader = field or harvest pedrevan = newt sawan davas = sheep creep- mouse pednan = tadpole hole in hedge meat-earth = soil suitable peeth = dug well (cf. saime = pilchard oil, train for arable cropping Eng. fenton) oil meaz = large open field penedna = broken tops scavaligian = wild arum melwhen = snail, slug of furze scanarnak = hare melenek = goldfinch pezzack = a rotten scaw-dower = figwort, meilhionan = clover pichard, broken fish not kennel wort melyn = a mill for salting scaw, scawan = elder tree mean-lear = foundation plansa = to plant scaw-dhu = hemp agrimony stone, grounder plaow = pests scollok = refuse of a slate merrian = ants pleau = parish quarry mill = poppy podar = rotten, decayed scoran = bough minfel = yarrow popdock, bochgoch = screech = a short sudden mola = thrush foxglove blaze. molgh dhu = blackbird porfel = pasture, grazing sentry = glebe land moorstone = granite rocks place set = a lease or boulders, "scattered over poth = burnt, scorched sharaliggo = lizard our hills". Now used of pow = countryside shiver = a bar of a gate Eng. granite from any source pras, praze = meadow, sichor = a dryness, drought Eng. pasture, small grazing seavy = strawberry mot = tree-root Eng prill = small solid eg skeddrak = broken or mow = what is mown, small sheep-dropping, stone dilapidated skedge, sherrish = privet soil for burning zewl = skimming plough for skeet = squall towan = sand dune, or removing turf. skew, skiff = driving mist or land derived therefrom drizzle trap = stile soch = ploughshare tre, tref = farming sorn = nook, cranny hamlet, mostly post- sour-sops = common sorrel Roman & pre-Norman Eng. treveglos = village (lit. Some old Cornish sayings sowle = arish, stubble churchtown) spern = hawthorn trimtram = sheep trap or spernek = thorn copse cattle grid Nyn ges gûn heb legas, na spethas = brambles trone = a furrow, lynchet kei heb scovern splat = a piece of ground trodgan = starling There is no down without an stent = rubble left by tin trulerch = footpath eye, nor hedge without ears. streamers in their workings. tubban, tab, tob = a turf stroil = couch-grass tyak = farmer, manager, Cows nebas, cows da strother = pack-saddle householder Speak little, speak well. shewollok = fieldfare (the tikki-dui = butterfly sly one) Guel yw guetha vel goosen sprowse = light hay crop U It is better to keep than to from pasture ula = owl beg summering = farmstock sent urts = Eng. wortleberry on to moors for whole Neb na gare y gwyan coll summer Eng. V restouas sumper = downpour vady = damp He that heeds not gain, must visgay, visgie = a kind expect loss. T of taler = headland of ploughed mattock/hammer for Nrb ns gare y gy, an gwra field, or end of tillage hedging deveeder tam = short furze vorver = way cleared He that regards not his dog tash = a pile of furze, briars around crops to ease will make him a sheep-killer &c. at one cutting & access, bridle-path removal voulz = hedging bill Gura da, rag ta honan te yn tavol = dock gura teel = to cultivate and sow W Do good; for thyself thou ground Eng. wastrel = uncultivated doest it. teke = shrew land, unused Eng. tevy = to grow want = mole Eng. Me an' pref guyr a gousaf, tiching = setting up turves to weeth = a field Kyns ys dybarth. dry, to prepare for fuel Eng. weggas = bindweed I will prove it true what I tigry = kestrel wheal = mine-work say, tink = chaffinch whil = beetle before we separate. tinner, dishwasher = pied winnard = redwing ("As wagtail Eng. whisht as a winnard ") En hav perkou gwâv tommy-tailor = the cranefly Eng. In summer remember Eng. winter. toll-ke = ditch beside a Y hedge yar = hen An laver kôth yn laver gûr. todn = arable grass yeat = a gate What's said of old is said in ploughed in rotation (aras an yorth = roe deer truth. kensa an todn = plow first the ley) Z Elo why clapier Kernuack towargh, toor = light turfy zart = hedgehog Can you speak Cornish?