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Status of Tiger Habitats in High Altitude Ecosystems of Bhutan, India and Nepal

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Status of Tiger Habitats in High Altitude Ecosystems of Bhutan, India and Nepal (Situation Analysis) 2019 Disclaimer: The views as expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect those of and cannot be attributed to the study advisors, contacted individuals, institutions and organizations involved. The information contained herein has been obtained from various sources, a review of publication, surveys, deliberations of the workshops conducted, and are to the best our knowledge accurate. Despite all precautions taken to accurately reflect the information that was collected for this report, any errors pointed out subsequently by any party cannot lead to any liability on the part of the author. The contents of this report may be used by anyone providing proper acknowledgement. Citation: Status of Tiger Habitats in High Altitude Ecosystems of Bhutan, India and Nepal (Situation Analysis). Global Tiger Forum. 2019. Contact: Global Tiger Forum Email: [email protected] PHOTO CREDIT: FRONT COVER: CAMERA TRAP IMAGE-SIKKIM, INDIA; BACK COVER: CAMERA TRAP IMAGE – BHUTAN ii STATUS OF TIGER HABITATS IN HIGH ALTITUDE ECOSYSTEMS OF BHUTAN, INDIA AND NEPAL (SITUATION ANALYSIS) Supported by Study Team GTF Team Project Supervisor Rajesh Gopal Project Coordinator Mohnish Kapoor Finance Officer Gin Chin Lam Technical Officers B.S. Bonal and Ridhima Solanki (India), Tenzin Wangchuk (Bhutan & Nepal) Data Compilation, Report Ridhima Solanki Layout, GIS Support Data Entry and Analysis Arun Kumar, Anjali Mehra, Hrishita Negi, and Roshan Puranik Support Editorial Support Rajiv Khangwal Project Advisors Keshav Varma and Satya Prakash Yadav Wildlife Institute of India Principal Scientist (Design K Ramesh and Technical Inputs) Project Scientist (Database Sujata Upgupta and A. Arunkumar and Spatial Analyses) Advisor V.B. Mathur Project Intern (GIS support) Raeesha Rehman Data Sharing/Technical Gopi GV, S Sathyakumar, Y.V. Jhala, and Qamar Qureshi Inputs Department of Forest and Park Services, Govt. of Bhutan Nodal Officer Bhutan Tandin National Tiger Conservation Authority, Govt. of India Nodal Officer India Nishant Verma Advisors Anup Nayak, Amit Mallick, Surendra Mehra, Vaibhav Mathur, Raja Ram Singh Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, Govt. of Nepal Nodal Officer Nepal Laxman Prasad Paudel Ecologist Haribhadra Acharya Assistant Ecologist Bhupendra Prasad Yadav ii Global Tiger Centre, Bhutan Data and Field Coordination Tshering Tempa and respective forest frontline at study sites National Trust for Nature Conservation (NTNC) Executive Director Siddhartha B. Bajracharya Program Manager Chiranjibi Prasad Pokheral Sr. Accounts officer Bidur Prasad Pokharel Conservation Officer Saneer Lamachhane Sr. Wildlife technician Suman Malla Wildlife Technician Dev Raj Joshi Wildlife Technician Amar Singh Thakur Wildlife Technician Ganesh Rana Wildlife Technician Shreeram Tharu WWF-India Team Project Advisors Dipankar Ghose, Joydeep Bose, Yash Shethia, Sejal Worah, Ravi Singh Technical Coordination Pranav Chanchani, Rishi Kumar Sharma Field Coordination Christi Sylvia GIS Support Saloni Salaria Finance and Logistics Jagdish Upadhaya, Renu Atwal, Vikas Sharma Communications Team Indira Akoijam, Nishant Andrews, Nitisha Mohapatra WWF-India Uttarakhand Team Administrative Support Anil Kumar Singh, IP Bopanna, Joy Dasgupta, Meraj Anwar, Jaswant Kumar, Bhuwan Singh Field Biologists Devavrat Pawar, Soumya Bakshi, Jyoti Antil, Shariq Shafi, Prajakta Hushangbadkar, Rohit Ravi, Ashish Bista, Pranav Chanchani Interns, Volunteers and Field Ali Arzan, Aleem Khan, Bhupendra Kumar, Dhanwantari Dhoke, Assistants Tamanna Jasrotia, Namrata Anirudh, Ruchir Sharma, Sher Singh Bist WWF-India West Bengal & Sikkim Team Administrative Support Priya Shrestha, Partha Sarathi Ghose, Deependra Sunar, Amrit Gurung Field Biologists Megha Moktan, Siddhant Umariya, Rohan Pandit iii Interns and Field Assistants Arundeep Singha, Kerlang Rani, Pemba Tshering, Phuchung Lachungpa, Rickchen Zimba WWF-India Arunachal Pradesh Team Administrative Support Anupam Sarmah, Kamal Medhi, Gopal Mondal, Sikhar Jyoti Sharma Field Biologists Tridip Sharma, Sunit Das, Sujit Chakravarty, Janaki Mohan, Rohan Pandit, Christi Sylvia, Megha Moktan, Lham Tsering Interns, Volunteers and Field Kiran Dalvi, Mohan Sharma, Anirudh Nippani, Bhavnesh Desai, Assistants Prathamesh Amberkar, Shivam Sharma, Guyi Siram, Tape Yorpen, Thejavitso Chase, Pemba Romo, Dechin Pema Saingmo, Siten Nath IUCN KfW Department of Forest and Park Services, Govt. of Bhutan National Tiger Conservation Authority, Govt. of India Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, Govt. of Nepal Global Tiger Centre, Bhutan State Forest Department of Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttarakhand and West Bengal (Chief Wildlife Wardens, Forest Divisions, Range Officers, Forest Guards) Wildlife Institute of India WWF India and Bhutan ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS National Trust for Nature Conservation, Nepal Jigme Singye Wangchuk National Park, Bhutan Wangchuk Centennial National Park, Bhutan Bhutan Ecological Society Representatives of local communities at each study sites iv Table of Contents 1 Foreword vi 1 Background 2 3 Organization 2 5 Study Area 4 5 Project Profile 6 10 Methodology 6 Data Collection and Summary of Literature Review, Questionnaire 18 7 Survey and Camera Trapping Tiger Habitat Suitability 58 Mapping and Corridor Connectivity in Eastern and 8 Western Himalayas Contours of High-altitude Tiger Action Plan for Bhutan, 72 9 Nepal and India 76 Appendices 1o v 1. Foreword he instant report presents a “situation analysis” of tiger in high altitudinal range of Eastern and Western Himalayas, spread over three important tiger range countries of South Asia (Bhutan, India and Nepal). While broadly highlighting the profile of high altitude tiger habitat, its suitability has been appraised for both East and West portions of Himalayas, along with corridor connectivity. The findings are based on representative primary data collection relating to tiger, co-predators, prey, habitat and interface issues relating to local people, supplemented with extensive secondary information. Contours of a futuristic high altitude tiger action plan has also been highlighted. This situation analysis is the first of its kind and the inter-governmental platform of the Global Tiger Forum (GTF) facilitated a close collaboration with Government agencies and other collaborators. The GTF is thankful to IUCN-KfW for the grant. The invaluable inputs from Government agencies of Bhutan, India and Nepal are gratefully acknowledged. The Global Tiger Centre – Bhutan, WWF India and National Trust for Nature Conservation – Nepal deserve a special mention for their active collaboration, and field assistance in data collection. The forum is thankful to the Landscape Evaluation and Visualization Lab of the Wildlife Institute of India for protocol consolidation, data analysis and GIS facilitation. Global Tiger Forum vi 2. Background The habitat of tiger is varied, encompassing several biomes and ecological conditions, viz. mangrove swamps, highlands, plains, rainforests, arid or semi-arid areas and mountainous regions. However, most of the high-altitude habitats, within the tiger range have not been surveyed for an appraisal of tiger presence, prey and habitat status. Hence, it becomes important to embark on a said appraisal, involving mapping of the habitat and carrying out a situation analysis for a future roadmap. Tiger habitats in high altitude require protection through sustainable land use, as they are a high value ecosystem with several hydrological and ecological processes providing ecosystem services and adaptation to mitigate the ill effects of climate change. Since, several high-altitude habitats in South Asia have the spatial presence of tiger, active in-situ efforts are called for ensuring their conservation. The instant situation analysis study aims to provide the rationale for stepping up high altitude conservation of the tiger, while identifying possible viable habitats, corridor linkages, anthropogenic pressures, and induced landscape level changes for evolving an in-situ conservation roadmap. The study, led by the GTF, with range country governments of Bhutan, India and Nepal, along with conservation partners (WWF and country specific collaborators), has been supported by the Integrated Tiger Habitat Conservation Programme (ITHCP) of the IUCN and KfW. 1 3. Organizations Global Tiger Forum (GTF) The only international, intergovernmental organization of its kind owned and manned by Tiger Range Countries (TRCs). The said forum, headquartered at New Delhi (India), has an overarching mandate of handholding TRCs for strengthening wild tiger conservation across its natural range. It is also an implementing arm of the Global Tiger Initiative Council (GTIC), for coordinating the Global Tiger Recovery Program (GTRP) launched earlier by the Global Tiger Initiative (GTI). GTF’s goal is to highlight the rationale for tiger preservation and provide leadership and common approach throughout the world in order to safeguard the survival of the tiger, its prey and its habitat. Role: Lead Implementing Agency of the instant project. Range Country Government Partners Nature Conservation Division Department of Forests & Park Services, Government of Bhutan National Tiger Conservation Authority, Government of India Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, Government of Nepal Role: Permission and Facilitation for field data collection Wildlife Institute
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