Towards Integrated Management And
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Towards Integrated Management and Sustainable Development of Kenya's Coast: Initial Findings and Recommendations for an Action Strategy in the Nyali-Bamburi-Shanzu Area. National Workshop Draft Document November, 1995. Item Type Report Publisher Coast Development Authority Download date 27/09/2021 18:48:37 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/7250 TOWARDS INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF KENYA'S COAST INITIAL FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR AN ACTION STRATEGY IN THE NYALI-BAMBURI-SHANZU AREA NATIONAL WORKSHOP DRAFT rxx:UMENT NOVEMBER, 1995 PREPARED flY Coast Development Authority (CUM in cooperation with Kenya Marine & Fisheries Research Institute (KMFRI) Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) Fisheries Department (FD) Mombasa Municipal Council (MMC) Kenya Association of Hotelkeepers and Caters (KAlle) . j Integrated Coastal Area Managemen~tor Nyali-Bamburi-Shanzu Area prepared within the Framework of the Action Plan for the Protection and Management of Marine and Coastal Areas Funding and Technical Assistance Provided by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) u.s. Agency for International Development (USAID) Regional Economic Development Services Office for East and Southern Africa Center for the Environment. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Ocean and Coastal areas Programme Activity Centre (OCA/PAC) Priority Actions Programme/Regional Activity Centre (PAPRAC) Coastal Resources Center (CRC) The University of Rhode Island Working Group Members: NAME TITLE INSTITUTION Dr. B.A.J. Mwandotto Research Planning and Development Manager CDA Mr. Felix P. Kaloki Coordinator, Peoples Participatory Programme . CDA Mr. Saeed M. Mwaguni Environmental Officer CDA Mr. Mnago N. Mwanyuni Acquacultural officer CDA Mr. Renison K. Ruwa Chief Research Officer KMFRI Mr. Daniel Munga Senior Research Officer KMFRI Mr. Harrison Onganda Research Officer I KMFRI Mr. Sam Weru Research Officer KWS Mr. John L. Kagwi Senior Wildlife Officer KWS Mrs. Martha W. Mukira District Fisheries Officer MSA. FD Mr. James Gitau Chief Public Health Officer MMC Ms. Julie Okello Resou rce Person KAHC 11 ~ -_."- _._---- ---- --_._~-- ._-_ .... TABLE OF CONTENTS TOPIC PIt9'8 LIST OF ACROKYHS .•.................................................................... i v PREFACE .. ............................................................................ v-vi CHAPTER 1 COASTAL MANAGEMENT IN KENYA............................ 1 1.1 IMPORTANCE OF THE KENYAM COAST ....................................... 1 Natural and Historical Coastal Resources 1 Coastal Uses ... ....................................................... 4 1.2 THE NEED FOR INTEGRATED COASTAL MANAGEMENT IN KENYA 6 Coastal Hanagelllent Issues .... ......................................... 6 Inatitutional Fr work for Integrated Coastal HsnageBent , 7 1.3 THE STUDY SITE OF NYALI-BAHBURI-SMANZU 8 The Site •.............................................................. 8 Site Specific Integrated CoaBtal Hanagement IBBues ,. 9 The Planning Process ... ............................................... 10 CHAPTER 2 FIHDINGS AND RECOKHENOATIONS FOR THE NYALI-BAHBURI - SHANZU STUDY SITE . 13 2.1 HANAGING LAND USE AMD PROVISIONS OF PUBLIC SERVICES AMD INFRASTRUCTURE 13 FindingB of Fact ..................................................... 13 Current Land Uae ............................................. 13 Public ServiceB and InfraBtructure 18 Recollllllendations .. ............................................................. 19 2.2 HANAGING WATER QUALITY .............................................. 21 Findings of Fact .... .......................................................... 21 Ths Importance of Haintaining & ProtBctinq Water Quality....... 21 StatuB of Water Quality in the Area ............................ 21 Types of Pollution ............................................. 22 Consequences of Degraded Water Quality... 24 Current Hanagelllent Framework 25 Recollllllendations ..... .......................................................... 25 2.3 FISHERIES HANAG!H!NT 27 FindingB of Fact .............................................................. 27 FisherieB Contribution to the Bamburi EconolllY '" 27 Trends in Fishery Catch and Effort 27 Socio-economic Trends in Fisheries 29 Current HanageRient Fr_ework .. ........................................ 30 Recollllllendations ..................................................... 31 2.4 HANAGING CRITICAL HABITATS .... ................................................ 33 Findings of Fact .............................................................. 33 Hangroves ............................................................. 33 Coral Reefs: 37 Beaches and Sea Turtles ..................................... 40 Seagrasses 42 RecollllllendationB ............................................................... 42 2.5 HANAGIHG AH ERODIHG SHORELINE ................................................. 45 Findings of Fact .. ............................................................ 45 Extent and Location of the Proble. 45 Causes of Erosion 45 I.pacts of Erosion ............................................... 46 CUrrent Hanagement Fra.ework 46 Recollllllendations ......................................................... 47 2.6 HANAGING USE COHFLICTS ................................................ 49 Findings of Fact ...•.••....................................................... 49 Traditional Versus Hon-traditional Use 49 Conflicts Between Recreational Activities 51 CUrrent Hanage.ant Fr work 52 Recollllllendationa ......•........................................................ 52 CHAPTER 3 TOWARDS AH IHPLEHENTATIOH FRAHJnIORIt FOR INTEGRATED HANAG!HEHT AHD SUSTAIHABLE DEVELOPHENT OF KEHYA'S COAST................. 55 3.1 Rationale for Integrated Coastal Area Hanagement 55 3.2 I.ple..ntation Fr_ework for the StUdy Site 56 3.3 Action Agenda for Implementation Hanagement .. 57 REFJDUDfCBS CIrED •.................•...............................•............•..... 59 111 . _.~~. -~----~-~ LIST OF ACRONYMS USED IN THE TEXT CBS Central Bureau of Statistics DDC District Development Committee DEC District Executive Committee FD Fisheries Department KMFRI Kenya Marine, Fisheries and Research Institute CDA Coast Development Authority CRe Coastal Resources Centre URI University of Rhode Island USAID United States Agency for International Development UNEP United Nations Environment Programme KWS Kenya Wildlife Service KPA Kenya Ports Authority NOSRC National Oil Spill Response Committee NES National Environmental Secretariat EEZ Exclusive Economic ZOne EIA Environment Impact Assessment GDP Gross Domestic Product GNP Gross National Product ICZM Integrated Coastal ZOne Management MCTA Mombasa Coast Tourism Association MEP Monitoring and Evaluation Programme MOLRR&WD Ministry of Land Reclamation, Regional and Water Development MOENR Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources MOT&W Ministry of Tourism and Wildlife MOC&SS Ministry of Culture and Social Services MORTT&T Ministry of Research, Technical Training and Technology NEAP National Environment Action Plan SA Statistical Abstract UNCED United Nations Convention for Environment and Development. iv PREFACE The Nyali-Bamburi-Shanzu area has undergone a rapid transition over the last several decades from traditional rural coastal communities where fishing and farming were major economic activities to an urbanizing area with expanding tourism, residential and industrial development. The area is a significant contributor to the local economy of Mombasa and nationallY. Tourism is Kenya's leading foreign exchange earner with coastal tourism representing60 to 70 percentof the national contribution. National gross receipts by the Tourism Industry was 5.5 billion Shillings in 1993. Tourism in this north coast strip represents approximately 24 percent of total earnings in the Coast region. The formal tourism sector and related activities in the study area employs approximately 12,700 people. Sustained economic development of the area therefore depends heavily on maintaining a high level of environmental quality. Urbanization and tourism development in the area has led to a number of social, economic and environmental problems, threatening the sustainable economic development and imposing constraints to further growth. Coordinated action among many government agencies in cooperation with the private sector is urgently needed to solve these problems. This document summarizes important information about the identified issues and recommends objectives for first steps towards Integrated Coastal Management. Chapter One describes the need for Integrated Coastal Management in Kenya and outlines the specific issues and' planning process employed to address those issues in Nyali-Bamburi Shanzu study site: Chapter Two describes six coastal issues that are critical to the study site as identified by the local stakeholders. For each issue, findings of fact are presented which provide background information about the current situation and why the issue is important. Then; for each issue, the document recommends objectives, and management strategies to guide decision makers on how individual agencies and private sector associations can contribute to the resolution of problems for the issue. The final Chapter of the document suggests an overall management framework to achieve the objectives and implement the recommendations for the area described in Chapter Two. It also proposes mechanisms for initiating integrated coastal