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PARKS: The International Journal of Protected Areas and Conservation The International Journal of Protected The International Journal of Protected Areas and Conservation Issue 24 Special on OECMs June 2018 INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE WORLD HEADQUARTERS Rue Maverney 28 1196, Gland, Switzerland Tel: +41 999 0000 Developing capacity for a protected planet Fax: +41 999 0002 www.iucn.org Issue 24 Special Issue on OECMs June 2018 IUCN PROTECTED AREA DEFINITION, MANAGEMENT CATEGORIES AND GOVERNANCE TYPES IUCN DEFINES A PROTECTED AREA AS: A clearly defined geographical space, recognised, dedicated and managed, through legal or other effecve means, to achieve the long‐term conservaon of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values. The definion is expanded by six management categories VI Protected areas with sustainable use of natural resources: (one with a sub‐division), summarized below. Areas which conserve ecosystems, together with associated Ia Strict nature reserve: Strictly protected for biodiversity and cultural values and tradional natural resource management also possibly geological/ geomorphological features, where systems. Generally large, mainly in a natural condion, with a human visitaon, use and impacts are controlled and limited proporon under sustainable natural resource management to ensure protecon of the conservaon values. and where low‐level non‐industrial natural resource use Ib Wilderness area: Usually large unmodified or slightly modified compable with nature conservaon is seen as one of the areas, retaining their natural character and influence, main aims. without permanent or significant human habitaon, protected and managed to preserve their natural condion. The category should be based around the primary II Naonal park: Large natural or near‐natural areas protecng management objecve(s), which should apply to at least large‐scale ecological processes with characterisc species three‐quarters of the protected area – the 75 per cent rule. and ecosystems, which also have environmentally and culturally compable spiritual, scienfic, educaonal, The management categories are applied with a typology of governance types – a descripon of who holds authority and recreaonal and visitor opportunies. responsibility for the protected area. III Natural monument or feature: Areas set aside to protect a specific natural monument, which can be a landform, sea IUCN defines four governance types. mount, marine cavern, geological feature such as a cave, or a Governance by government: Federal or naonal ministry/agency living feature such as an ancient grove. in charge; sub‐naonal ministry/agency in charge; IV Habitat/species management area: Areas to protect parcular government‐delegated management (e.g. to NGO) species or habitats, where management reflects this priority. Shared governance: Collaborave management (various degrees Many will need regular, acve intervenons to meet the of influence); joint management (pluralist management needs of parcular species or habitats, but this is not a board; transboundary management (various levels across requirement of the category. internaonal borders) V Protected landscape or seascape: Where the interacon of Private governance: By individual owner; by non‐profit people and nature over me has produced a disnct organisaons (NGOs, universies, cooperaves); by for‐profit character with significant ecological, biological, cultural and organsaons (individuals or corporate) scenic value: and where safeguarding the integrity of this Governance by Indigenous peoples and local communies: interacon is vital to protecng and sustaining the area and Indigenous peoples’ conserved areas and territories; its associated nature conservaon and other values. community conserved areas – declared and run by local communies For more informaon on the IUCN definion, categories and governance type see the 2008 Guidelines for applying protected area management categories which can be downloaded at: www.iucn.org/pa_categories IUCN WCPA’S BEST PRACTICE PROTECTED AREA GUIDELINES SERIES IUCN-WCPA’s Best Practice Protected Area Guidelines are the world’s authoritative resource for protected area managers. Involving collaboration among specialist practitioners dedicated to supporting better implementation in the field, they distil learning and advice drawn from across IUCN. Applied in the field, they are building institutional and individual capacity to manage protected area systems effectively, equitably and sustainably, and to cope with the myriad of challenges faced in practice. They also assist national governments, protected area agencies, nongovernmental organisations, communities and private sector partners to meet their commitments and goals, and especially the Convention on Biological Diversity’s Programme of Work on Protected Areas. A full set of guidelines is available at: www.iucn.org/pa_guidelines Complementary resources are available at: www.cbd.int/protected/tools/ Contribute to developing capacity for a Protected Planet at: www.protectedplanet.net/ The designation of geographical entities in this journal, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN. IUCN does not take any responsibility for errors or omissions occurring in the translations in this document whose original version is in English. Published by: IUCN, Gland, Switzerland Copyright: © 2018 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Citation: IUCN WCPA (2018). PARKS. The International Journal of Protected Areas and Conservation, Volume 24 Special Issue, Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. ISSN: ISSN 2411-2119 (Online), ISSN 0960-233X (Print) DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.CH.2018.PARKS-24-SI.en Cover photos: Front cover: Monitoring of conservation results. Zapatoca, Santander © Bibiana Diaz, Fundación Natura Back cover: View towards Meares Island Tribal Park, governed by the Tla-o-qui-aht First Nation, with Opitsaht village in the foreground, British Colombia, Canada. © Jeremy Williams Editing: Harry Jonas, IUCN WCPA Layout by: Marc Hockings, IUCN WCPA Available from: IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Global Programme on Protected Areas Rue Mauverney 28 1196 Gland Switzerland Tel +41 22 999 0000 Fax +41 22 999 0002 parksjournal.com iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/publications/parks-journal PARKS is published electronically twice a year by IUCN’s World Commission on Protected Areas. For more informaon see: parksjournal.com PARKS is published to strengthen internaonal collaboraon in protected area development and management by: exchanging informaon on praccal management issues, especially learning from case studies of applied ideas; serving as a global forum for discussing new and emerging issues that relate to protected areas; promong understanding of the values and benefits derived from protected areas to communies, visitors, business etc; ensuring that protected areas fulfill their primary role in nature conservaon while addressing crical issues such as ecologically sustainable development, social jusce and climate change adaptaon and migaon; changing and improving protected area support and behaviour through use of informaon provided in the journal; and promong IUCN’s work on protected areas. Managing Editor: Professor Marc Hockings, Australia: Emeritus Professor, University of Queensland; IUCN WCPA Vice‐Chair for Science and Management of Protected Areas; Senior Fellow, UNEP‐World Conservaon Monitoring Centre Co‐Editors: Helen Newing, Sarah Casson, Bas Verschuuren, Olivier Chassot, John Waithaka Editorial Board Members Professor B.C. Choudhury, India: Rered Scienst (Endangered Species Management Specialist), IUCN Wildlife Instute of India; Coordinator of IUCN's Trevor Sandwith, Switzerland: Director, IUCN Global Naonal Commiee in India Protected Areas Programme Dr Helen Newing, UK: Formerly of the Durrell Instute Dr Tom Brooks, Switzerland: Head, IUCN Science & of Conservaon and Ecology (DICE), University of Knowledge Unit Kent Dr Kent Redford, USA: Former Director of the Wildlife IUCN‐WCPA Steering Commiee Members Conservaon Society (WCS) Instute and Vice Cyril Komos, USA: Vice President for Policy, WILD President, Conservaon Strategies at the WCS in Foundaon; IUCN WCPA Vice‐Chair for World New York; principal at Archipelago Consulng Heritage Sue Stolton, UK: Partner Equilibrium Research, IUCN Dr Kathy MacKinnon, UK: Chair IUCN WCPA; Former WCPA Lead Biodiversity Specialist at the World Bank Dr Bas Verschuuren, The Netherlands: Associate Dr John Waithaka, Kenya: Regional Vice‐Chair for Researcher: Department of Sociology of Eastern and Southern Africa Development and Change, Wageningen University ; Co‐Chair, IUCN WCPA Specialist Group on Cultural External Experts and Spiritual Values of Protected Areas Dr Ernesto Enkerlin Hoeflich, Mexico: Dean for Dr Eduard Müller, Costa Rica: Rector, Universidad para Sustainable Development at Monterrey Tech; former la Cooperación
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