150 route de Ferney, P.O. Box 2100 1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland Tel: 41 22 791 6033 Fax: 41 22 791 6506 e-mail: [email protected] Appeal Coordinating Office

Turkey Earthquake Rehabilitation – METR11 Appeal Target: US$ 491,499 Balance requested from ACT Network: US$ 331,499

Geneva, 18 January 2001

Dear Colleagues,

On 17 August 1999 and again on 12 November 1999 earthquakes measuring 7.4 and 7.1 on the Richter scale, respectively, hit Turkey in areas east of Istanbul. The first earthquake rocked the Marmara Region of Turkey. The second earthquake occurred on the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) with a macro-seismic epicentre near the town of Golcuk (Kocaeli Province) in the western part of Turkey.

With a great deal of the emergency needs now met, the government, local and international agencies and NGOs are focussing their efforts from relief to recovery operations. There is currently a considerable need for reconstruction and rehabilitation projects targeting the most vulnerable communities and earthquake survivors. Over a year after the first earthquake, many families are just now beginning to rebuild their lives and return to a degree of normalcy. However, for many others still living in tents and makeshift shelters, the winter will continue to challenge their daily means of living and subsistence.

One year after the earthquakes, The United Methodist Committee on Relief (UMCOR) conducted a needs assessment in the areas of Golcuk and Duzce which revealed that a large segment of the population is without any form of livelihood. A large proportion of the population in the earthquake-affected zones worked in factories prior to the earthquakes. Some of these factories were forced to close down due to damage, while others chose to close down rather than risk damage from future earthquakes. Many other households received their livelihoods from small businesses that were either forced to close down due to damage, or were completely destroyed.

A questionnaire administered by UMCOR to 97 households, as part of the needs assessment, revealed that 45% of the respondents would like to restart businesses they lost as a result of the earthquake, or start new businesses. Of these, 46% said that lack of capital was the single greatest barrier to doing so, while 31% said that lack of education or training was the single largest constraint to starting or restarting their own businesses.

ACT is a worldwide network of churches and related agencies meeting human need through coordinated emergency response. The ACT Coordinating Office is based with the World Council of Churches (WCC) and the Lutheran World Federation (LWF) in Switzerland. Turkey – E’quake Rehabilitation 2 METR-11

UMCOR is proposing a programme which includes: an integrated housing repair and construction project, an economic empowerment project utilising a micro-credit lending model, capacity building training for local NGOs and a community outreach project.

Project Completion Date: 1 January 2001 – 31 December 2001

Summary of Appeal Targets, Pledges/Contributions Received and Balance Requested

US$ Total Appeal Target(s) 491,499 Less: Carry over funds from METR01 (approx.) 160,000* Balance Requested from ACT Network 331,499

* Donors have been asked to approve use of the surplus METR01 funds for the current appeal. The precise amount will be determined shortly on receipt of final reports and donors will be informed accordingly.

Please kindly send your contributions to the following ACT bank account:

Account Number - 102539/0.01.061 (USD) Account Name: ACT - Action by Churches Together Banque Edouard Constant Cours de Rive 11 Case postale 3754 1211 Genève 3 SWITZERLAND

Please also inform the Finance Officer Jessie Kgoroeadira (direct tel. +4122/791.60.38, e-mail address [email protected]) of all pledges/contributions and transfers, including funds sent direct to the implementers, now that the Pledge Form is no longer attached to the Appeal.

We would appreciate being informed of any intent to submit applications for EU, USAID and/or other back donor funding and the subsequent results. We thank you in advance for your kind co-operation.

For further information please contact: ACT Co-ordinator, Thor-Arne Prois (phone ++41 22 791 6033 or mobile phone ++ 41 79 203 6055) or ACT Appeals Officer, Neville Pradhan (phone +41 22 791 6035 or mobile phone ++41 79 285 2916)

ACT Web Site address: http://www.act-intl.org

Ms. Geneviève Jacques Thor-Arne Prois Rev. Rudolf Hinz Director ACT Coordinator Director WCC/Cluster on Relations LWF/World Service Turkey – E’quake Rehabilitation 3 METR-11

I. REQUESTING ACT MEMBER

¨ United Methodist Committee on Relief (UMCOR)

II. IMPLEMENTING AGENCY

UMCOR-USA is a New York non-profit corporation established in 1940 by the General Board of Global Ministries (GBGM) of the United Methodist Church in response to the suffering of people affected by World War II. During its 60 years of service, UMCOR has used church and private funds to support relief and development projects in more than 100 countries worldwide. UMCOR’s mandate is to “Address a crisis situation by providing for the relief, and rehabilitation of acute physical, social and psychosocial needs of the entire person without regard to religion, race, nationality or gender, affected by distress situations caused by natural disasters, political turmoil, persecution from any cause or other endemic factors”.

UMCOR-Europe is an Austrian verein (non-profit entity) that shares UMCOR’s mission and mandate and operates from its offices in Vienna, Austria.

In response to the aftermath of the first earthquake on August 17, 1999, UMCOR launched a needs assessment and program development mission in Turkey in October 1999. Shortly after launching this mission, a second earthquake hit Turkey on November 12, 1999. While developing program plans for the first earthquake region, needs from the second earthquake zone were being brought to UMCOR’s attention. This led UMCOR to closely assess the needs in both affected regions and develop an integrated assistance strategy that would allow intervention in both regions.

With funds from ACT International in 2000 (METR 01), Phase I of UMCOR’s relief and reconstruction projects have included the following:

¨ Emergency Mobile Shelter Construction in Duzce: 192 high quality prefabricated homes were constructed by UMCOR; ¨ Reconstruction and Rehabilitation of the Karamursel Primary Boarding School for Hearing Impaired Children: Phase I and II Structural and Internal construction and renovation works were completed at the school; Phase III has focused on training students and faculty in disaster preparedness, support for modern educational methods for teaching hearing impaired children and an educational enrichment project directly affecting the 79 students currently enrolled at the school; ¨ Social Rehabilitation for Children, Youth and Women in Golcuk and Duzce: Focus on vocational and skills development with a transition to income generation for women; educational and social activities for women, youth and children; psychological counseling for women, men and youth.

Phase I of UMCOR’s activities in Turkey focused on meeting the immediate needs of those persons affected by the two earthquakes. Phase II of UMCOR’s current work seeks to build off Phase I activities through a longer-term and more sustainable approach to project development and implementation. Phase II of UMCOR’s work includes an integrated housing repair and construction project, an economic empowerment project utilising a micro-credit lending model, capacity building training for local NGOs, and a community outreach project. Turkey – E’quake Rehabilitation 4 METR-11

Description of ACT Member’s Implementing Partners The Women’s Solidarity Foundation (WSF) was founded after the August 17, 1999 earthquake by a group of female social scientists, professionals and activists from the women’s movement in Turkey. WSF initially responded to the emergency with the development of “Women’s Tents” in four communities throughout the earthquake-affected region. These “Women’s Tents” were meant as a designated safe-haven for women to gather, socialise, and receive essential humanitarian assistance, including medical, psychological and legal counselling. Since this time, WSF has received funding from a host of international donors, including UMCOR, Mercy Corps International, ACT Netherlands - formerly Dutch Inter-Church Aid and CORDAID, for the implementation of various educational, vocational, skills training and income generating projects targeting women affected by both the August and November 1999 earthquakes. Furthermore, WSF has implemented many of its projects in co-ordination with Turkish institutions and organisations including the Degirmendere Earthquake Victims Association, the Civil Co-ordination Centre, the Golcuk Public Education Centre, Women’s Culture and Communications Foundation and Women for Women’s Human Rights. UMCOR’s proposed interventions with WSF under the proposed 2001 ACT Appeal will involve co-operation and partnership in the sectors of social development and income generation.

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE EMERGENCY SITUATION

Background On August 17, 1999 and again on November 12 of the same year, earthquakes measuring 7.4 and 7.1 on the Richter scale, respectively, hit Turkey in areas east of Istanbul. The first earthquake occurred at approximately 3:01 AM on August 17, 1999 and rocked the Marmara Region of Turkey. The earthquake occurred on the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) with a macro-seismic epicentre near the town of Golcuk (Kocaeli Province) in the western part of Turkey. The NAFZ is the most prominent active fault in Turkey and has been the source of numerous large earthquakes throughout history. The earthquake has been followed by as many as 5,000 aftershocks, some of which have registered as much as 5.5 to 6.0 on the Richter scale. The second earthquake, on November 12, 1999, was further to the east and centred on Duzce, a town of approximately 80,000 persons in the Bolu Province. The earthquake took place along the Duzce Fault Zone and caused damage and loss to be felt in the areas of Duzce, Kaynasli, Bolu, Akcakoca, Zonguldak and Adapazari. The areas hit from both earthquakes are in Turkey's industrial heartland and the most densely populated area outside of Istanbul.

As a result of the 1999 earthquakes, hundreds of thousands of people, many of whom lost their immediate family members and relatives, found themselves in a situation with a severe lack of shelter, food, health care and education. Further, trauma victims required psychosocial counselling and social support and assistance with other benefits. The Turkish Government established a Disaster Co-ordination Centre within the Prime Minister’s Office, with a Co-ordinating Governor based in Izmit, to co-ordinate relief activities in the affected provinces.

The government, along with local and international agencies and NGOs, responded immediately to the emergency with the provision of temporary shelters, food, health care, counselling and other social services. More than 130 tent cities, with over 100,000 tents, were initially set up to provide survivors with emergency shelter. The majority of tents were small, not weatherproof and erected on bare ground. Unfortunately, tents were not upgraded or winterised and many families remained in inadequate living conditions throughout the winter of 1999/2000. As another fast-gap and temporary solution to the emergency shelter needs, the Turkish Government and the international community launched temporary prefabricated housing projects throughout the affected regions. Turkey – E’quake Rehabilitation 5 METR-11

Current Situation With a great deal of the emergency needs now met, the government, local and international agencies and NGOs are transitioning their efforts from relief to recovery operations. There is currently a great need for reconstruction and rehabilitation projects targeting communities and earthquake survivors. A year after the first earthquake, many families are just now beginning to rebuild their lives and return to a degree of normalcy. However, for many others still living in tents and makeshift shelters, the coming winter will continue to challenge their daily means of living and subsistence. The government is planning to discontinue the monthly housing subsidy in December 2000 in an effort to encourage families’ move to more permanent housing facilities. The government hopes that without any financial subsidy offered to those living in tents, any incentive to remain in the tents throughout the winter will be decreased.

To assess economic revitalisation needs, UMCOR conducted a needs assessment in the areas of Golcuk and Duzce approximately one year after the first earthquake. The assessment revealed that a large segment of the population is without any form of livelihood. A large proportion of the population in the earthquake- affected zones received salaries or wages from factory work prior to the earthquake. Some of these factories were forced to close down due to damage, while others chose to close down rather than risk damage from future earthquakes. Many other households received their livelihoods from small businesses that were either forced to close down due to damage, or were completely destroyed.

A questionnaire administered by UMCOR to 97 households, as part of the needs assessment, revealed that 45% of the respondents would like to restart businesses they lost as a result of the earthquake, or start new businesses. Of these, 46% said that lack of capital was the single greatest barrier to doing so, while 31% said that lack of education or training was the single largest constraint to starting or restarting their own businesses.

Focus groups with women and youth revealed that one year after the earthquakes, the populations of the earthquake-affected regions still experience significant psychological scars. Focus groups with women revealed similar psychological trauma, but these were both superseded and compounded by the need to ensure both their personal and children’s survival. One group of women, residing in the Sirinkoy prefabricated settlement in Golcuk, expressed a sense of hopelessness about their situation. These women were among the households that had "fallen through the cracks." They were primarily uneducated, poor women without the social networks necessary to obtain assistance in Turkey. Some had been widowed or abandoned by husbands as a result of the earthquake. They had a variety of pressing needs, from housing and income to physical and mental health care.

The latest statistics, as of August 2000, from the Office of the Prime Minister’s Disaster Co-ordination Centre estimate between 15,000 – 16,000 families are still accommodated in tents provided by the Turkish Government and NGOs. The province of Bolu currently hosts the largest number of organised tent cities with a total of eight camps, while the Kocaeli province hosts five organised tent camps. Approximately another 1,100 families are living in small, spontaneous and scattered tent settlements throughout Duzce. Others continue to live in partly damaged homes. The government estimates that a total of 150,000 families are currently living in prefabricated homes constructed by either the Turkish Government or NGOs. Another 350,000 people are estimated to be living with relatives or have migrated to other regions of Turkey. Permanent housing schemes sponsored by the government, the World Bank, other international organisations and NGOs are currently being constructed and it is expected that up to 6,000 families may be able to move into new permanent homes by early 2001.

The one-year anniversary of the first earthquake was observed with a minute of silence in Turkey at 3:01 Turkey – E’quake Rehabilitation 6 METR-11

AM on the morning of August 17, 2000. Candles were lit throughout Turkey in remembrance of those who lost their lives as a result of the earthquake. The government thanked the international community for responding to the emergency with search and rescue efforts, as well as for the financial and humanitarian aid provided by over 90 country governments and international and local NGOs.

According to a press release by the Office of the Prime Minister on August 19, 2000, “The timely and prompt response of the international community offered us material and moral support to overcome the first shock of the disaster and constituted a ‘symbol of international solidarity’…the friendship extended to the Turkish people by the international community in those difficult times remains a source of strength for us…we would like to express our gratitude to the countries and institutions which still continue their activities in close co-operation with their Turkish counterparts for the recovery of the region and keep on extending assistance to us even one year after the disaster.”

The Turkish Government also took the opportunity of the one-year commemorative anniversary to comment on the new show of solidarity and co-operation between Turkey and Greece as a result of the two countries’ emergency responses to the tragic earthquakes, which affected both Turkey and Greece in 1999. Such co-operation, “made an important contribution to the dialogue process which was initiated between the governments of the two countries before the earthquakes and played an encouraging role.”

Impact On Human Lives Official figures from the first earthquake, according to the Government’s Disaster Co-ordination Centre, estimate 17,127 dead from the regional districts of Bursa, Eskysehir, Istanbul, Bolu, Kocaeli, Sakarya, Yalova and Zonguldak (although unofficial statistics reveal that tens of thousands more people perished as a result of the earthquake), 43,953 injured and 800,000 left homeless. According to a World Bank estimate, 30% of all injured persons (approximately 13,000 individuals) may suffer from permanent disabilities.

The second earthquake hit a less populated area, but nevertheless left 550 people dead, over 3,000 people hospitalised and thousands homeless. The loss of life in Duzce was concentrated in a few collapsed buildings that had been “lightly” damaged during the August 1999 earthquake, superficially repaired and inhabited again. The somewhat limited loss of life in Duzce can be attributed to the fact that many families had already vacated their damaged homes following the August earthquake.

Without any available government statistics on the age and gender distributions of earthquake related deaths and injuries, the World Bank superimposed Turkey’s age structure on the government death statistics in order to estimate the number of household breadwinners lost as a result of the earthquakes. Assuming that 60% of the adult deaths were household breadwinners, an estimated 4,900 household breadwinners may have been lost.

According to statistics recorded by Boogazici University’s (Bosphorus University) Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, Earthquake Engineering Department, assuming indirect socio-economic losses to be as high as the direct physical losses, the country’s total loss as a direct result of both earthquakes can be estimated at approximately $16 billion USD.

On a social level, the earthquakes caused a shortage of medicine to adequately treat individuals with health- related needs as well as a lack of basic amenities for everyday survival. In addition, Turkish children were left with little or no access to education following the earthquakes. From a psychological standpoint, Turkish citizens were further crippled in their ability to rebuild their lives due to the traumatic effect of the earthquakes, combined with an overall sense of helplessness and hopelessness about how to improve their Turkey – E’quake Rehabilitation 7 METR-11 situation.

While all of the earthquake survivors suffered enormous and traumatic loss, those who were vulnerable and poor prior to the earthquake have suffered even more. According to the World Bank, the poor in Turkey, who rely on labour as their primary means of livelihood, have been most vulnerable to job losses in self- employed and small to medium-size enterprises.

Description of Damages The August 1999 earthquake is considered by many to be the largest event to have shattered a modern industrial region since the 1923 earthquake in Tokyo. The region is both geographically large and economically vibrant. Because of the regional focus on large-scale industry, a great number of housing complexes and apartment buildings to house industry workers were constructed within the last 20 years. Shoddy reinforced concrete construction techniques, coupled with the regions’ poor soil and bearing capacity for building construction, have resulted in tragic destruction and personal losses in the earthquake zone.

The four regional districts most affected include Kocaeli, Sakarya, Bolu and Yalova, which prior to the earthquake contributed to over 7% of Turkey’s GDP, 16% of its overall budget revenues and 14% of its industrial value added.1 The surrounding regions of Bursa, Istanbul and Eskisehir have been indirectly affected through their close economic links and inter-dependence on services and material inputs from the earthquake zone.

As a result of the August 1999 earthquake, approximately 10,000 buildings were completely destroyed or collapsed (flattened) and 70,000 damaged, ranging from heavy to lightly damaged. The majority of heavily damaged or collapsed structures were four to eight storey, reinforced, concrete buildings. Over 170,000 families’ homes were completely destroyed or damaged beyond repair. Monetary value of the building losses has been estimated at approximately $5 billion USD.2 The following can be cited as technical causes of the building damages or collapsing: ¨ Poor concrete quality; ¨ Poor detailing of the reinforcement (e.g., lack of concrete compaction and vibration in the columns and at the beam-column joints, inadequate splice length); ¨ Weak/soft storey (e.g., open space at the first floors); ¨ Structural alterations (e.g., added floor); ¨ Long cantilevers with heavy load; and ¨ Improper construction site.3 In Duzce, a large concentration of the earthquake damage is concentrated in Kaynasli, a small town on the main highway between Duzce and Bolu. The total number of heavily damaged buildings as a result of the November 1999 earthquake is approximately 200.4 Thousands of buildings in Duzce had already been damaged as a result of the August 1999 earthquake when the November earthquake occurred.

The main highway linking Istanbul with Ankara lies along the Duzce Fault Zone in a mountainous area prone to landslides. At one intersection between the Kaynasli and Bolu towns, an area of 200 meters comprising

1 World Bank, Technical Annex for an Emergency Earthquake Recovery Loan, October 27, 1999 2 Bogazici University’s Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, Earthquake Engineering Department, Comprehensive Report on 1999 Kocaeli and Duzce Earthquakes. 3 Technical causes have been cited by Bogazici University’s Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, Earthquake Engineering Department. 4 Bogazici University’s Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, Earthquake Engineering Department, Comprehensive Report on 1999 Kocaeli and Duzce Earthquakes. Turkey – E’quake Rehabilitation 8 METR-11 two lanes of the four-lane highway collapsed due to an earthquake induced landslide.

The heavy damage to industry (40% of Turkish industry was concentrated in the earthquake zone) and its supporting infrastructure has proven to have a negative impact on peoples’ lives and the country’s overall economy. Over 17,000 business properties were damaged and many were destroyed altogether. The August 1999 earthquake occurred just at the time when Turkey was beginning its recovery from an economic crisis and sharp downturn in the wake of the Russian economic crisis. The World Bank reports that small and medium-scale enterprises have suffered dramatically as a result of the earthquakes. Available data collected by the World Bank indicates that firms with less than ten workers accounted for 95% of manufacturing establishments and 35% of the workforce in Kocaeli Province, highlighting the importance of small and medium sized enterprises in the region.

Industrial facility and small business monetary losses have been reported at approximately US$ 2 billion, damage to railroads at US$1 billion, damage to highways at US$0.2 billion and damage to port and harbour structures along the affected coast-line of the Sea of Marmara at US$0.2 billion.5 According to the World Bank, it is expected that the loss in Turkey’s industrial output can be made up by factories located in other regions of the country. In addition to the disrupted economic activity, the region is faced with massive unemployment. Locations For Proposed Response UMCOR established an official presence in Turkey, with the opening of an office in Istanbul, in December 1999. Since that time, the Istanbul office has served as both an administrative and programmatic base for support of UMCOR/Turkey’s operations.

With funds from the Global Board of General Ministries (GBGM) and the Episcopal Relief and Development Agency in 2001, UMCOR Turkey intends to establish field offices in Golcuk and Duzce. Field offices will serve as an operational base to support UMCOR’s field projects. Operating as both logistical field bases and staff housing, UMCOR’s sector Program Managers and support staff are expected to spend an increased percentage of time in the field in order to better monitor and evaluate projects, as well as to work more closely with UMCOR’s local NGO partners on project implementation strategies and response.

Geographic areas of implementation for WSF sponsored projects include Golcuk and Duzce. With the exception of one income-generating workshop in Duzce, WSF’s projects will be consolidated in the Sirinkoy Settlement in Golcuk. WSF’s social development and income–generating workshop projects at the Sirinkoy prefabricated settlement will be based in two prefabricated centres constructed by Mercy Corps International (MCI).

MCI constructed the first prefabricated centre at the Sirinkoy Settlement in August 2000. Since that time, WSF has utilised the centre to conduct skills training for women in both candle making and home-textile production. Further, WSF has conducted computer classes for young women out of the centre. All of WSF’s activities at the first centre have been conducted in partnership with UMCOR, and with the financial support of ACT International.

In November 2000, MCI began plans for the construction of a second prefabricated centre in the Sirinkoy Settlement to be managed by WSF. It is expected that construction of the second centre will be completed

5 Bogazici University’s Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, Earthquake Engineering Department, Comprehensive Report on 1999 Kocaeli and Duzce Earthquakes. Turkey – E’quake Rehabilitation 9 METR-11 by the third week of January 2001.

In consultation with UMCOR, WSF has agreed to consolidate its proposed 2001 income- generating workshops at the Sirinkoy Settlement in the new prefabricated centre, known here- after as the Workshop Centre. The first centre will be utilised as a Women’s Centre where WSF will conduct its proposed educational, training and psychological counselling activities. Furthermore, the Women’s Centre will remain open to the general community as a place for women to gather and meet for social occasions, functions and other community sponsored events. Following the completed construction of the Workshop Centre, WSF will transfer all of its skills training equipment and materials to the new facility.

UMCOR’s proposed interventions in the emergency winterisation sector will target two tent and prefabricated communities in Duzce.

UMCOR’s proposed interventions in the educational enrichment sector will target two schools affected by the 1999 earthquakes. The Karamursel Primary Boarding School for Hearing Impaired Children is located in the small coastal town of Karamursel, approximately 30 kilometers west of Golcuk, epicentre of the first earthquake. It is on the south coast of the Gulf of Izmit in the Marmara Sea, southeast of Istanbul. The school is the only public institution offering primary school education to hearing-impaired children in the Marmara region. The school was originally opened in 1988, but due to structural damage suffered during the August 1999 earthquake, was forced to close for the entire 1999/2000 school year.

The second school targeted for intervention includes a kindergarten and its affiliated high school, Kiz Meslek, in downtown Duzce. The school was established in 1958 as one of the premier high schools in western Turkey offering specialised vocational and early childhood development training to female high school students aged 14 – 17. The high school’s Department of Early Childhood Development offers high school students a unique opportunity to apply their classroom studies in early childhood development within a “real-life” kindergarten setting. With a kindergarten established within the high school facility, students specialising in early childhood development work are given the opportunity to teach and work directly with kindergarten children, under the supervision of trained professionals. As a result of the November 1999 Duzce earthquake, the high school and kindergarten were destroyed beyond possible repair. Classes for the high school students and kindergarten children were held in containers for the 1999/2000 school year.

UMCOR’s proposed intervention in the community rehabilitation sector includes construction of a new kindergarten facility behind the currently rebuilt Kiz Meslek Lisesi in downtown Duzce.6 UMCOR’s proposed interventions in disaster awareness training and outreach will target select communities in Golcuk and Duzce with whom UMCOR provides other sector assistance. In an effort to maximise the output of its assistance, UMCOR will identify those communities to receive seminars and training in basic disaster awareness in co-ordination with its other multi-sectoral projects. Further, UMCOR will specifically target faculty and students of the Kiz Meslek Lisesi in Duzce with basis disaster awareness interventions.

Current Security Situation With the capture of Abdullah Ocalan in the fall of 1999, tensions between the Turkish Government and the Kurdish Liberation Party (PKK) have been substantially eased. The majority of the fighting between the two parties over the last 15 years has occurred in south- eastern Turkey, and has in no way affected

6 UMCOR’s project activities at the Duzce kindergarten and high school will integrate the sectors of community rehabilitation (with the construction of a new kindergarten facility), educational enrichment (through the provision of needed educational materials), and basic disaster awareness. Turkey – E’quake Rehabilitation 10 METR-11 implementation of UMCOR’s projects (concentrated in the earthquake zones of north-western Turkey).

Similar to all major cities, Istanbul suffers from petty crime, theft and other misdemeanours, while the city boast a relatively low percentage of felony crimes. Petty crime is less of a concern in the regions outside Istanbul, in the areas of UMCOR’s proposed project implementation.

The greatest security issue faced by UMCOR/Turkey is the potential for further devastating earthquakes. Situated in a geographically volatile and earthquake prone region, Istanbul and the regions in which UMCOR operates are susceptible to both minor and major tectonic plate movements. There have been over 5,000 reported aftershocks in north-western Turkey since the August and November 1999 earthquakes. An earthquake measuring 5.3 on the Richter scale, with an epicentre in Hendek (approximately 250 kilometres from Istanbul) was felt in August 2000.

In the particularly volatile regions of the current earthquake zone, UMCOR’s disaster preparedness and precautionary measures will include the construction of field offices and staff housing utilising construction techniques and materials considered to be earthquake resistant. Further, all UMCOR expatriate and national staff will receive training in basic disaster awareness conducted by the Istanbul Community Impact Project of Bosphorus University.

IV. GOAL

The ultimate goal is to rehabilitate and revitalise communities and persons affected by the two earthquakes of August and November 1999. UMCOR’s related goals include the following: (1) to meet the most pressing unmet needs of vulnerable populations, and particularly related to their need for emergency winterisation assistance; (2) to facilitate the rehabilitation of the social, educational and economic structures and processes affected by the earthquakes: and (3) to increase awareness of disaster preparedness and response measures and mechanisms among the affected communities.

UMCOR intends to accomplish these proximate goals by providing integrated assistance in the sector of emergency winterisation, social development, income generation, community rehabilitation, educational enrichment and basic disaster awareness. The proposed social development and income generation projects will be conducted in co-ordination and partnership with a local NGO. Specific goals and objectives for each of these project areas are as follows:

1) Emergency Winterisation

Goal: To address the most pressing and immediate need for emergency heating, winterisation assistance for 750 families living in tented and prefabricated communities in Duzce.

Objective: To provide 750 families living in tented and prefabricated settlements with an emergency winterisation kit to include a gas heating stove (for only 150 out of the 750 families), a three month’s supply of gas bottles and two blankets.

2) Social Development

Goal 1: To provide women and youth with resources and services necessary to foster their self-confidence, esteem and personal empowerment as they seek to rebuild and restore stability, control and normalcy to their lives. Turkey – E’quake Rehabilitation 11 METR-11

Objectives: ¨ To address the mental health needs of up to 320 women and youth through individual and group counselling sessions. ¨ To provide educational classes, including literacy, computers and English language to 135 women and youth in the Sirinkoy prefabricated settlement. ¨ To provide training seminars on reproductive health, women’s rights, first aid and other topics to be determined according to community needs to 320 women in the Sirinkoy prefabricated settlement.

Goal 2: To provide women and youth with a “focal point” for educational, social and community sponsored activities.

Objective: To procure essential furnishings, equipment, materials and resources for the Women’s Centre at the Sirinkoy prefabricated settlement.

3) Income Generation

Goal: To promote the economic livelihood and revitalisation of 75 vulnerable women affected by the 1999 earthquakes.

Objectives : ¨ To support and develop three self-sustaining income-generating workshops to address the economic needs of 60 women at the Sirinkoy prefabricated settlement and 15 women in Duzce. ¨ To provide 75 women participating in the workshops with technical, business and marketing skills training needed to sustain the income-generating workshops. ¨ To provide 75 women participating in the workshops with training on leadership skills, team building, assertiveness and personal empowerment. ¨ To develop product-marketing brochures for distribution to vendors, retail shops and other buyers.

4) Community Rehabilitation

Goal: To address the pressing need for a durable and sustainable school facility for over 50 kindergarten children aged four to six.

Objective: To construct a 150-square meter permanent kindergarten facility directly behind the associated high school building.

5) Educational Enrichment

Goal 1: To enrich and support the educational and developmental process of 79 hearing impaired children at the Karamursel Primary Boarding School for Hearing Impaired Children.

Objectives: ¨ To support a “Visiting Volunteers Program” for hearing impaired adults from around the world to share their experiences and live with the Karamursel students for limited periods of time. ¨ To procure educational resources, materials and other visual references that stimulate and support children’s learning process. Turkey – E’quake Rehabilitation 12 METR-11

Goal 2: To facilitate the creative learning, educational enrichment, stimulation, and early childhood development of over 50 kindergarten children aged four to six and to enhance the learning process of 120 female high school students specialising in early childhood development studies.

Objectives: ¨ To provide the kindergarten with essential educational equipment, resources and supplies. ¨ To facilitate the reestablishment of the pre-earthquake institutional affiliation and arrangement between Kiz Meslek Lisesi and Kiz Meslek Kindergarten in which the Lisesi’s 120 female high school students specialising in Early Childhood Development studies can apply classroom lessons learned within a “real life” kindergarten facility/setting.

6) Disaster Awareness

Goal 1: To increase awareness of basic disaster awareness and earthquake response and preparedness measures for 1,200 individuals (indirectly benefiting 1,200 families) living in the earthquake affected communities (e.g., the Sirinkoy prefabricated settlement in Golcuk; the Kiremitogi, Uzunmustafa and Hamidiye prefabricated settlements in Duzce; and one permanent housing settlement in Duzce, proposed for construction by UMCOR in 2001).

Objectives: ¨ To provide 30 seminars on basic disaster awareness to selected communities and beneficiaries with whom UMCOR works in its multi-sectoral projects. ¨ To identify and train ten Outreach Teams amongst selected communities of 1,200 families in Basic Disaster Awareness and Non-Structural Hazard Mitigation Practices.

Goal 2: To increase awareness of basic disaster and earthquake response and preparedness for 500 high school students and 41 faculty of the Kiz Meslek Lisesi and Kindergarten.

Objective: To provide six seminars on basic disaster awareness for 500 students and 41 teachers and administrators, as well as provide one basic disaster awareness training-of-trainers seminar for at least 15 interested teachers and/or high school students.

V. BENEFICIARY INFORMATION & TARGETED AREAS

For all of UMCOR’s proposed activities, the highest priority will be given to families and/or individuals who have lost their homes and livelihoods and are otherwise vulnerable as a result of the 1999 earthquakes, and who are receiving little if any other humanitarian assistance. Beneficiaries of the below assistance will be selected according to individually established criteria, and will be based on economic and social indicators. UMCOR, and its local NGO partner, when appropriate, will conduct the final selection of beneficiaries in consultation with community leaders, local settlement management committees and district and regional government authorities.

The total number of individuals directly served under the proposed 2001 ACT Appeal includes up to 3,510 persons. Indirectly, the project will serve over 14,040 individuals.7 Below follows specific targeted beneficiaries according to sector:

7 The indirect figure is calculated based on an average household size of five persons, and does not include the family member to receive direct assistance. Turkey – E’quake Rehabilitation 13 METR-11

1) Emergency Winterisation

Number and Type of Targeted Beneficiaries 750 families living in tents and government constructed prefabricated houses in the region of Duzce. Criteria to be Utilised in Beneficiary Selection ¨ Families living in tents or temporary prefabricated houses; ¨ Families without access to heating systems; ¨ Families living in poorly insulated shelters; and ¨ Families living in sub-standard constructed shelters (e.g., either storm damage or leaky roofs, walls, flooring, etc…)

Number of Targeted Beneficiaries According to Proposed Assistance UMCOR will give first priority to those families still living in tents (the most sub-standard living condition) and who lack any other access to heating sources. Further, UMCOR will target vulnerable households who are not receiving emergency winterisation assistance from the government or any other organisations. Special attention will be paid to families who lack a source of stable income.

2) Social Development

Number and Type of Targeted Beneficiaries ¨ Direct: 320 women and youth living in the Sirinkoy prefabricated settlement to receive individual and group counselling services (240 persons in group counselling and 80 persons in individual counselling). ¨ Direct: 135 women living in the Sirinkoy prefabricated settlement to partake in educational courses (e.g., computer, literacy and English language). ¨ Direct: 320 women living in the Sirinkoy prefabricated settlement to partake in training seminars. ¨ Indirect: 995 women and youth living in the Sirinkoy settlement who may participate in both structured activities and non-structured events at the Women’s Centre.

The women targeted through the Social Development sector reside in a rural community prefabricated setting within the Golcuk region of the Kocaeli Province. The Sirinkoy Settlement is a sprawling prefabricated community in the outskirts of downtown Golcuk. The settlement of 1,575 prefabricated houses was constructed by the Turkish Government in response to the August 1999 earthquake. The large majority of women living in the Sirinkoy Settlement do not have professional backgrounds and have never worked outside the home. According to the camp management statistics, 32% of all women living in Sirinkoy are housewives. Many women have lost close family members as a result of the earthquake, including husbands and/or close male family members who provided essential income for their household prior to the earthquake.

Criteria to be Utilised in Beneficiary Selection Psychological/Mental Health Rehabilitation: UMCOR will target women and youth under the age of 12 (both male and female) with individual and group counselling sessions at Sirinkoy settlement. Sessions will be open to those individuals who deem themselves in need of counselling services. Priority will be given to women and youth who lost close family members as a result of the August 1999 earthquake. Group counselling sessions will require the trained psychologists to form group sessions according to participants’ age and other specifications to be determined following assessments. Flyers and posters will be developed and posted throughout the Sirinkoy Settlement in order to advertise the services. Women and youth will be requested to sign up and apply for counselling sessions at the Sirinkoy Women’s Centre. Turkey – E’quake Rehabilitation 14 METR-11

Education: UMCOR will target women at the Sirinkoy Settlement with educational courses in literacy, computers and English language. Beginner-level literacy courses will be made available to illiterate women without any primary school education, most of whom are likely to be elderly. Advanced beginners to intermediate-level literacy courses will be made available to women who have some level of primary school education but who have not completed or graduated from primary school. Computer and English Language Courses will be made available to interested women at Sirinkoy settlement who have completed, or nearly completed, their high school education. It is anticipated that the majority of interested applicants will be younger women. Criteria beyond high school education will be dependent on the level of community interest in the classes, but may include female-headed households, women without any additional sources of income,and those who lost family members as a result of the earthquake. Flyers and posters will be developed and posted throughout the Sirinkoy Settlement in order to advertise the courses. Women will be requested to sign up and apply for class enrolment at the Sirinkoy Women’s Centre.

Training Seminars: UMCOR will target interested women at the Sirinkoy settlement with training seminars related to reproductive health, women’s rights and first aid/basic safety. Priority will be given to women of reproductive age with families of three or more children. Additional criteria will be developed depending on community interest in attending training seminars. Flyers and posters will be developed and posted throughout Sirinkoy settlement in order to advertise the seminars. Women will be requested to sign up and apply for seminar enrolment at the Sirinkoy Women’s Centre.

Women’s Centre: The Centre will be open and available to all 995 plus women living in the Sirinkoy settlement.

Number of Targeted Beneficiaries According To Proposed Assistance

¨ Psychological/Mental Health Rehabilitation: 320 women and youth (240 individuals in group counselling sessions of 10 persons per group and 80 persons to receive individual counselling sessions). ¨ Education: 135 women to receive educational classes. The breakdown of classes includes the following: 60 women to receive literacy classes (15 women per a two or four month course offered four times per year8), 45 women to receive computer classes (15 women per a three and a half month course offered three times per year), and 30 women to receive English language classes (10 women per a two month class offered three times per year). ¨ Training Seminars: 320 women to receive two-day training seminars on reproductive health, women’s rights, first aid/basic safety and other topics to be identified and requested by the community. The breakdown of identified training seminars includes the following: 80 women to attend reproductive health seminar (four two-day seminars with 20 women per group), 80 women to attend women’s rights seminar (four two-day seminars with 20 women per group), 80 women to attend first aid/basic safety seminar (four two-day seminars with 20 women per group) and 80 women to attend additional seminars with a topic to be later identified according to community needs. ¨ Women’s Centre: The Women’s Centre will be open and available to all 995 women from the Sirinkoy settlement as a central point for them to gather on both an informal and formal basis. While the above mentioned structured activities will be sponsored out of the Women’s Centre, the Centre will also serve a psycho-social purpose as it will constitute a safe and non-threatening facility in which women can interact and socialise with one other on an informal basis.

8 According to the standard curriculum of the Golcuk Public Education Centre, beginner level courses are two months and Advanced Beginner level courses are four months. Turkey – E’quake Rehabilitation 15 METR-11

3) Income Generation

Number and Type Of Targeted Beneficiaries ¨ Direct: 75 vulnerable women from Golcuk and Duzce. ¨ Indirect: Approximately 300 family members to benefit from income.

Criteria to be Utilised in Beneficiary Selection ¨ Female headed households; ¨ Women who lost husband or another close family member contributing to household income; ¨ Equitable distribution of ethnic groups; ¨ Family size with at least five dependants; and ¨ Elderly, handicapped or otherwise vulnerable women.

Further, all workshop participants must commit themselves to working collaboratively within the established guidelines of each workshop. Participants must be willing to partake in the business skills and leadership training, and be willing to comply with the time commitments required by the respective workshop group. Applicants will be required to file an application for consideration by UMCOR and WSF. Successful candidates will be required to sign a contract detailing the expectations and commitments participants are required to fulfil in order to become a workshop team member.

It should be noted that as the proposed income generation project builds off the skills training program funded by ACT International in calendar year 2000, there already exists a cadre of qualified and technically trained women who are currently participating in the respective workshops. Fifteen women are currently enrolled with the candle-making workshop, 17 women are currently enrolled with the home-textile workshop and another ten women are currently enrolled with the copper and silver embroidery workshop.

Sixty-two percent of those women currently enrolled at the workshops have only primary school education, 25% of the women have intermediate level education, 9% have a high school education, and the remaining percentage have no education at all. Prior to the earthquake, 72% of these women were housewives and the remaining earned income or were employed as seamstresses or textile factory workers. There are currently no other household members earning an income.

A total of 42 women remain to be identified in order to reach the proposed target of 75 women. Number of Targeted Beneficiaries According to Proposed Assistance ¨ Candlemaking Workshop: 25 women ¨ Home-Textile Workshop: 35 women ¨ Copper and Silver Embroidery Workshop: 15 women

4) Community Rehabilitation

Number and Type of Targeted Beneficiaries ¨ Direct: An annual total of 50 children, aged four to six, enrolled at the kindergarten. ¨ Indirect: An annual total of 120 high school students, enrolled in the three-year Early Childhood Development Program of Kiz Meslek Lisesi, who will apply classroom lessons within a “real life” permanent kindergarten setting.

Criteria to be Utilised in Beneficiary Selection The kindergarten enrols 50 children each year. In order to enrol at the school, the children’s parents, and Turkey – E’quake Rehabilitation 16 METR-11 particularly their mothers, must be employed. For this reason, the kindergarten serves multi-purposes in that it provides essential child care services for working parents, while at the same time providing young children with quality educational development and enrichment that will better prepare them for grade school.

The kindergarten also indirectly supports the learning process of students enrolled in Kiz Meslek Lisesi’s Early Childhood Development Program (ECDP). A total of 120 students participate in the ECDP. As part of the ECDP curriculum, students work with the school’s affiliated kindergarten children and teachers to apply lessons learned in the classroom, and conduct outreach on early childhood development with parents in the surrounding communities. Each year, a total of 40 students graduate from the ECDP. These young women are some of Turkey’s most highly recruited individuals for kindergarten teaching positions. Many of these women are employed directly following high school, while others go on to continue their studies at university.

In response to the destruction of the school, the Turkish Government has been involved in the construction of a new 2,000 square meter facility, on the same grounds as the former school, for continuation of high school classes. The new school is scheduled to reopen in mid-December 2000. Unfortunately, the new facility (which is smaller than the original school building) does not have the classroom capacity to house the kindergarten as well as its 500 high school students.9 Due to limited government funds allocated for construction of the new school, the government does not intend to construct an additional permanent facility for the kindergarten. At the time of UMCOR’s assessment, the government was planning to continue management of the kindergarten out of the two allotted containers in the backyard of the new high school. The remaining containers were to be transferred to another primary school in Duzce, also in need of containers for the continuation of classes. Subsequent to UMCOR’s initial needs assessment, the kindergarten containers were also reallocated to the same Duzce primary school. In the meantime, the kindergarten is scheduled to move into a space shared with the high school library.

While the library will provide the kindergarten with a temporary solution, it does not provide children with a suitable long-term solution or positive environment in which they can develop. Only with a permanent facility, conducive to learning and enrichment, can these children be afforded the opportunity to fully develop themselves to their greatest capacities.

Number of Targeted Beneficiaries According to Proposed Assistance The November 1999 earthquake in Duzce left few very families unaffected by tragedy and disaster. The majority of those students enrolled at both the kindergarten and the high school lost their homes as a result of the earthquake and are now living mainly in pre-fabricated houses provided to them by the Turkish Government and/or international organisations. The majority of the school’s children and students live in the outskirts of Duzce, in the pre-fabricated settlements of Gumuspire, Siralik, Fevzi Caknah and Kiremitocagi. One kindergarten child lost a sister as a result of the earthquake and the high school suffered the loss of a dedicated teacher. While personal and immediate family member losses were minimal, in relation to the high number of deaths caused by the earthquake, all students and faculty members were in some way tragically affected by the earthquake.

5) Educational Enrichment

Number and Type of Targeted Beneficiaries

9 The original school building included 24 classrooms, plus an additional two rooms for the kindergarten. The current 2,000 square meter facility constructed by the government includes 16 classrooms in total. Turkey – E’quake Rehabilitation 17 METR-11

Karamursel Boarding School for Hearing Impaired Children 79 hearing impaired students enrolled at the Karamursel Boarding School for Hearing Impaired Children.

Students range in age from seven to 18. While the school runs only through eighth grade, the wide age distribution can be explained by the late start-up of school by many hearing impaired children throughout Turkey. Children from the entire Marmara region attend the school.

Most children are prelingually deaf. The majority of families are from rural areas and do not realise their children’s deafness until the age of two or three. Many children became deaf as a result of meningitis or other illnesses associated with high fevers. There are currently no children enrolled at the school who have deaf parents.

All of the faculty and staff at the school are hearing. Classroom communication between teachers and students takes place through speech and lip-reading.10 Teachers also use gestures, visual references and demonstrations. The rationale for this is linked to the educational system for hearing impaired children in Turkey and is controlled by the Ministry of Education. The government rationale for a compulsory oral program is that children should learn to function in the “real world,” the “hearing world” where no one knows sign language. Children are not permitted to sign in the classroom, but they are permitted to use sign language amongst themselves in their free time.

Children communicate with one another in a combination of Turkish sign language, finger spelling, gestures, home signs and mime. The older children tend to use Turkish sign language more systematically, and make use of finger spelling, while many of the younger children do not have clear means of expression or understanding. A small handful of the children use sign language and mimetic depiction to communicate and express themselves, however, they are not encouraged by any of their teachers to use these skills.

Kiz Meslik Lisesi and Kindergarten

¨ Direct: An annual total of 50 children, aged four to six, enrolled at the kindergarten. ¨ Indirect: An annual total of 120 high school students, enrolled in the three-year Early Childhood Development Program of Kiz Meslek Lisesi, who will apply classroom lessons within a “real life” permanent kindergarten setting.

Please refer to the above sector of Community Rehabilitation for further information.

Criteria to be Utilised in Beneficiary Selection

Karamursel Primary Boarding School for Hearing Impaired Children The school building was severely damaged as a result of the August 1999 earthquake. As an extension of UMCOR’s comprehensive rehabilitation, reconstruction, educational and social enrichment and basic disaster awareness projects at the school, UMCOR will continue to target the student population (the hearing impaired represent a very marginalised segment of the Turkish population) with social and educational enrichment programs.

Kiz Meslek Lisesi and Kindergarten The school building was completely destroyed as a result of the November 1999 earthquake. The

10 It should be noted, however, that even those children who have been in school for over four years, are still not producing any recognizable speech patterns. Turkey – E’quake Rehabilitation 18 METR-11 kindergarten requires additional educational supplies and equipment in order to strengthen children’s early childhood development and educational learning process.

Number of Targeted Beneficiaries According to Proposed Assistance

Karamursel Primary Boarding School for the Hearing Impaired While 79 students are currently enrolled at the school, the facility has the capacity to enrol up to 100 students. It is expected that enrolment numbers will increase to the maximum capacity over the next school year. Kiz Meslek Lisesi and Kindergarten Please refer to the above sector of Community Rehabilitation for further information.

6) Basic Disaster Awareness

Number and Type of Targeted Beneficiaries

Community Outreach ¨ Up to 1,200 individuals (one person per family) living in temporary or permanent homes in the regions of Golcuk and Duzce to receive seminars in basic disaster awareness. ¨ Ten teams, of four individuals per team (40 individuals total), to receive training in basic disaster awareness training and non-structural hazard mitigation practices.

Kiz Meslik Lisesi ¨ Direct: 500 female students, aged 14 – 17, enrolled at the high school during the school year 2000- 2001 to receive seminars in basic disaster awareness. ¨ Direct: 41 teachers and school administrators employed at the high school and its affiliated kindergarten to receive seminars in basic disaster awareness. ¨ Direct: 15 – 20 teachers, school administrators and interested students to receive the basic disaster awareness training-of-trainers course. ¨ Indirect: Incoming first year high school students who will receive seminars in basic disaster awareness from teachers, school administrators and interested students that received the basic disaster awareness training-of-trainers course. ¨ Indirect: 541 families who will receive basic training in disaster awareness and preparedness through the transfer of lessons learned from participants to their households.

Criteria to be Utilised in Beneficiary Selection

Community Outreach Communities to receive training in basic disaster awareness will be identified by UMCOR and its local NGO partners. Communities will be those in which UMCOR implements a host of various activities including its community outreach program, micro-credit program, permanent housing construction and repairs program, income generation and social development program. It is expected that individuals to be targeted will reside in the following communities and regions: approximately 800 individuals from the Sirinkoy settlement in Golcuk, another 200 families residing in the prefabricated settlements of Kiremitogi, Uzunmustafa and Hamidiye in Duzce (constructed by UMCOR with funds from ACT International in 2000), and approximately another 200 families from Duzce who will partake in UMCOR’s self-help permanent housing construction program in 2001. Outreach Volunteer Teams to receive training on basic disaster awareness and non-structural mitigation practices will be selected in co-ordination with UMCOR’s other sectoral Turkey – E’quake Rehabilitation 19 METR-11 programs, and in consultation with community leaders and camp management structures. It is expected that Community Outreach Volunteers (COVs) from UMCOR’s GBGM and ERD funded Community Outreach Program, will partake in training and outreach activities. COVs will have an advantage as they will have already established relations, and earned the trust of the community, from within the selected settlements.

Kiz Meslik Lisesi All students and faculty enrolled at the school during the school year 2000/2001 will be eligible to attend the basic disaster awareness seminars. The school’s director, in co-ordination with UMCOR and the Istanbul Community Impact Project trainer, will identify those individuals who will partake in the training-of-trainers course. It is expected that at least 15 interested individuals, following completion of the seminars, will either apply or be selected to partake in the training-of-trainers course.

Number of Targeted Beneficiaries According to Proposed Assistance

Community Outreach UMCOR will encourage at least one member per household (approximately 1,200 individuals) to attend the basic disaster awareness seminar. It is expected that the attending family member will transfer knowledge gained to his or her family. A total of 40 individuals among four Outreach Teams will receive training in basic disaster awareness training and non-structural hazard mitigation practices.

Kiz Meslik Lisesi UMCOR will encourage at least ten faculty members to partake in the training-of-trainers course, and at least another five students with leadership and training skills will be identified for the training-of-trainers course.

VI. DESCRIPTION OF TARGETED ASSISTANCE

Assistance and implementation will be presented according to individual sectors.

1) Emergency Winterisation

Description of Assistance UMCOR proposes to procure and distribute emergency winterisation kits as described below: ¨ 750 Emergency Heating Winterisation Kits

Two types of kits will be distributed. The first kit will include a gas heating stove, six vouchers to be redeemed by beneficiaries for a total of six gas bottles (each gas bottle is sufficient for a two week’s supply of gas) and two thick blankets. The first kit will be distributed to families who currently do not own a gas heater and do not possess the economic means to purchase one. The second kit will be identical to the first, but will not include a gas heater. The second kit will be distributed to families who currently own a gas heater, but lack the economic means to secure their heating needs for the coming three winter months.

UMCOR/Turkey has identified two adjacent tented and prefabricated camps in Duzce (Mehmetcik settlement) in which families are living in sub-standard living conditions and are in dire need of immediate winterisation assistance. UMCOR will plan to co-ordinate the identification of beneficiaries and the distribution of winterisation kits with the Foundation for the Support of Women’s Work (KEDV), a leading local NGO working in the Duzce tented and prefabricated settlements. Turkey – E’quake Rehabilitation 20 METR-11

Last winter, many families used electrical heaters to heat their shelters, but due to faulty and inadequate electrical wiring in the large number of makeshift settlements, the electrical system cannot support the widespread usage of heaters. As a result, this winter, the government is forbidding the use of electrical heaters in the settlements. The government is planning to distribute gas bottles to families living in pre- fabricated houses, but will not supply families with the gas heater itself; nor is the government intending to distribute gas to families living in tents.11

The coming months of 2001 will represent the second consecutive winter families will be living in either non- winterised tents or prefabricated houses that were constructed with materials, and utilising techniques, designed to be temporary in their nature. Without proper internal insulation, both families living in tent cities and government-constructed prefabricated houses (of a poor quality) remain vulnerable to the winter elements.

Implementation Description Per Activity For all construction materials procured and distributed, UMCOR will conduct competitive bidding processes. UMCOR will monitor distribution and use of the materials. Gas heaters and blankets will be procured by UMCOR and delivered to KEDV’s warehouse in Duzce from where the distribution will be conducted. UMCOR will sign a contract with a gas bottle supplier for the procurement of 4,500 gas bottles (a total of three month’s worth of gas for 750 families). Along with beneficiaries’ receipt of the gas heater and blankets, beneficiaries will receive six vouchers from UMCOR that will entitle them to redeem their vouchers to the supplier for one gas bottle (or gas supply for a bottle) every two weeks for a three month period. UMCOR will prepare and distribute, along with the heaters and the gas vouchers, a safety guidelines and precautionary handling procedures fact sheet for the gas heaters and bottles. UMCOR’s Shelter Team will serve as the key point-of-contact to identify recipients, monitor the distribution and receipt of emergency winterisation kits, as well as monitor and ensure its proper usage by recipients. External labourers and distribution monitors will be hired by UMCOR to ensure an efficient and transparent distribution process.

Transition from Emergency This project will address the urgent need for proper heating and warmth during the current winter months. While the government has yet to develop a comprehensive plan for construction of enough permanent and durable homes for all of the families currently residing in temporary make-shift and poorly constructed shelters, this project will address the immediate need for winterisation assistance in areas where the government is not able to currently contribute. Proper insulation of prefabricated houses would entail a time consuming and expensive process of opening the roofs and outer walls to the prefabricated houses. While the distribution of emergency winterisation kits can be deemed as temporary in nature, it offers a far more immediate and less expensive alternative than the prior. Further, the government does not recommend further rehabilitation and construction works to be carried out on any houses deemed to be “temporary” in their nature. It is expected that families will be able to transport their gas heaters and blankets with them when they eventually move into a permanent shelter.

2) Social Development

Description of Assistance

11 The distribution of gas bottles from the government has been rumored for the remaining two months of 2000, although there still has not been any action taken. Turkey – E’quake Rehabilitation 21 METR-11

Mental Health/Psychological Counselling ¨ 96 group counselling sessions: 12 sessions per group x eight groups ¨ 960 individual counselling sessions: 12 sessions per individual x 80 individuals

Educational Rehabilitation ¨ Four two to four-month long literacy courses ¨ Three three and a half-month long computer courses ¨ Three two-month long English language courses ¨ Procurement of training and course materials ¨ Procurement of three computers ¨ 16 two-day training seminars on reproductive health, women’s rights, first aid/basic safety and other topics to be identified according to the community’s needs ¨ Distribution of training seminar materials and brochures

Women’s Centre ¨ Operational costs for 12 months ¨ Procurement of needed furniture, equipment and resources ¨ Community volunteers to supervise the Centre on weekends and evenings ¨ Community initiated social activities and community groups

Implementation Description per Activity

Mental Health/Psychological Rehabilitation WSF will hire two professional psychologists to conduct group and individual counselling sessions with women and youth under 12 years of age suffering from post-traumatic stress syndrome, panic, claustrophobia, separation anxiety, fear of being alone, sleeping disorders and other earthquake related traumas. Psychologists will conduct counselling and therapy sessions out of the Sirinkoy Women’s Centre. It is expected that each group or individual will receive 12 counselling sessions, although the exact number of sessions may be revised according to the counsellors’ assessment of need, on a case-by-case basis.

Educational Rehabilitation WSF will hire trainers to facilitate courses in literacy, computers and English language. To the extent possible, WSF will utilise the volunteer commitment of university students and other institutions, including the Golcuk Public Education Centre (Halk Egitim Merkezi), to conduct educational courses. Courses will be conducted out of the Sirinkoy Women’s Centre.

A two to four-month long Literacy Course will be conducted four times throughout the year. Participants will be expected to attend two hours per day, five days per week for the set period of time. The literacy courses will be offered at the beginner and advanced beginner level, targeting illiterate and barely literate women. Participants in the beginner level course will be required to complete 90 hours of training over a two-month period and those in the advanced beginner course will be required to complete 180 hours of training within a four- month period. Beginner level participants will receive a certificate from the Golcuk Public Education Centre following completion of the course, and advanced beginner participants will receive a diploma from the Centre upon successful course completion. Golcuk’s Public Education Centre is a well- respected entity offering educational classes and resources throughout the affected region.

A three and a half-month long Computer Course will be conducted three times throughout the year. Each course will include three hours of lesson five days per week, or the equivalent of 15 hours per week. Turkey – E’quake Rehabilitation 22 METR-11

Computer courses will be offered at the beginner’s level and include instruction on the operational capacity of a PC, application of Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel software and basic accounting software. Throughout the course period, participants will also develop their typing skills and seek to increase the number of words they are capable of typing per minute.

A total of eight computers and one printer will be available to the course. Five computers were purchased for the implementation of computer courses at the Women’s Centre during calendar year 2000 (supported by ACT International) and another three computers will be procured under the current proposed activity. Due to the limited numbers of available computers, and to lessen the intimidation factor women may experience when operating a computer for the first time, course participants will work together in groups of two persons per computer. Upon completion of the course, participating women will receive a diploma from the Golcuk Public Education Centre. The course will target young women, with a high school level education, interested in seeking employment in the administrative and secretarial profession.

A two-month long English Language Course will be offered to female high school graduates three times throughout the year. The course will follow a beginner’s level curriculum and is intended to provide women with basic instruction and knowledge of the English language. It is hoped that interested women will pursue more advanced studies following the introductory course.

Women’s Centre WSF’s Field Co-ordinator will supervise the operations, co-ordination and scheduling of psychological counselling sessions, educational courses and training seminars offered at the Women’s Centre during the work week hours (from 9:00 AM – 6:00 PM). In the evening and weekend hours, WSF will identify Community Volunteers (to receive a small stipend) to be responsible for supervising social activities, ensuring proper maintenance and security procedures at the Centre are adhered to, and opening and closing the Centre. Furnishings, equipment and other materials needed to create a positive environment conducive to both structured and non-structured activities will be procured for the Women’s Centre.

While the Women’s Centre will serve as a forum for the implementation of structured social development activities (as proposed above), it will also serve as a forum or focal point for women to gather and socialise in a non-structured, safe and non-threatening environment. Given an “open” Women’s Centre, accessible to the greater community, women will be provided the opportunity to distance themselves from their daily lives, frustrations and concerns. The Women’s Centre will afford them with needed “space” and “time” to foster self-reflection and discovery. Faced with such great psychological and physical burdens associated with their personal losses, and compounded by their current difficult living conditions, the Women’s Centre will remain an immeasurable support and comfort mechanism as women seek to rebuild their lives, restore their sense of personal empowerment and confidence, and develop new social networks and support systems amongst each other.

Transition from Emergency UMCOR believes that by providing the above services and support mechanisms to the greater Sirinkoy community, it will contribute to women’s personal empowerment, and thus support their difficult transition from an emergency situation. Training and courses in skills development will lead to women’s increased awareness of their personal rights and capabilities, as well as provide them with invaluable employment skills. By utilising the Golcuk Public Education Centre for the educational courses, UMCOR and WSF hope to institutionalise a relationship between the community and the Centre in order for courses to continue without cost beyond the life of the project. UMCOR and WSF will work with the local camp management and other community groups throughout the year in order to develop a protocol agreement. With minimal Turkey – E’quake Rehabilitation 23 METR-11 government, or private, psychological counselling services available to women and youth in the earthquake region, UMCOR will provide beneficiaries with invaluable services as they set off on the difficult challenge to rebuild and “take back” their lives just over one year since the tragic earthquake.

Based on WSF’s strategic organisational vision, the NGO would like to continue activities at the Sirinkoy settlement beyond the life of the current proposed project. WSF plans to submit project proposals to both local and other international agencies for the continuation and development of additional projects. Throughout the proposed project period however, UMCOR and WSF will work with the Community Centre Managers, other interested women, and the camp’s management committee, to develop a realistic plan for the management and maintenance of the Women’s Centre following the proposed grant period.

3) Income Generation

Description of Assistance

¨ Procurement of needed equipment, materials, supplies and furnishings for the establishment of three income generating handicraft workshops. ¨ Provision of technical assistance and business and marketing skills training to 75 women participating in the income-generating workshops. ¨ Training on leadership skills, team building and personal empowerment for workshop participants. ¨ Development of handicraft product-marketing brochures for distribution to vendors, retail shops and other buyers.

Implementation Description Per Activity With funds from ACT International in calendar year 2000, UMCOR supported WSF’s efforts to provide vocational and handicraft training and skills development to economically and otherwise vulnerable women throughout Golcuk and Duzce. As a result of the skills training program, WSF established three viable workshop groups including a candle making and home-textile workshop in the Sirinkoy prefabricated settlement of Golcuk, and a silver and copper embroidery workshop in Duzce. While calendar year 2000 activities focused on the development of women’s technical skills, WSF was able to begin marketing the women’s handicraft products toward the latter quarter of 2000, however, it should be noted that the marketing sector had not been fully developed at this time. Sales revenue and income generated during this last quarter of 2000 (through December 9) has to date included $3,197 USD for the home-textile workshop, $2,551 USD for the candle making workshop and $450 USD for the silver embroidery workshop.

In an effort to transition workshops into sustainable business operatives to be managed by the workshop participants themselves and without the support of WSF, UMCOR and WSF have proposed the following implementation strategies for calendar year 2001.

¨ Following the completion of a new workshop facility (the Workshop Centre), generously constructed by Mercy Corps International for use by WSF, WSF will transfer the current candlemaking and home- textile workshops into the new facility, located near the current Women’s Centre.12 WSF will procure the remaining equipment and supplies needed to fully outfit the workshops. ¨ The Duzce copper and silver embroidery workshop will be relocated from its current location in the

12 Construction of the Workshop Centre is scheduled to be completed by January 20, 2001. The new facility is 240 square meters and includes larger rooms for workshops, a kitchen, meeting room, a day care and other operational and management spaces. Turkey – E’quake Rehabilitation 24 METR-11

Duzce Cultural Centre to a new facility in downtown Duzce, very close to where the current participants are living. WSF has received permission to operate out of this space for the first quarter of 2001. During this period, WSF and the workshop participants will identify a permanent facility for the workshop.

¨ In co-ordination with the established criteria for the selection of remaining workshop participants, WSF and UMCOR will identify and select beneficiaries to fill the remaining allocated space quota for each workshop.

¨ Following the identification of all 75 beneficiaries of the income-generating workshops, participants will be offered business skills training in order to impart them with fundamental business skills needed to operate a small business. The business skills training curriculum will include sessions on how to conduct market feasibility studies, how to develop a business plan, how to expand a business, bookkeeping skills, and the legal aspects of owning and operating a business. The training will take place over a ten- day period and include approximately 30 hours of training. It will be conducted by UMCOR’s Empowerment for Economic Revitalization Micro-Credit Program (funded by GBGM), in coordination with its local NGO partner, Mavi Kalem. Workshop participants will also participate in a two-day leadership skills training seminar (trainer yet to be identified).

¨ Technical support, through the employment of trainers specialising in each individual workshop craft, will be provided to workshop participants for the first two months of program implementation.13 Trainers will be the same as those who have provided technical support to the skills training program in calendar year 2000 activities. Trainers will be phased out of the workshop after the first two months. It is expected that workshop members will have gained expertise in their craft by this time, and that new workshop members can continue to receive training by those members who had received the intensive skills training by professional trainers in calendar year 2000.

¨ Throughout the first quarter of 2001, workshop participants will rotate between specific business and product related functions of each workshop. Rotations will allow members to gain an appreciation and understanding of each function related to the operation of the business and the final development of products. Business and operational rotations will include marketing, financial analysis and bookkeeping, while product related rotations would include specific functions related to the products’ development. For example, the candle making rotations will include mixing the wax, cutting the wick, packaging the candles, etc…

¨ During the second quarter of the period, workshop members will agree amongst themselves, in co- ordination with WSF, how to divide members into functional working groups according to their personal interests, skills and expertise. Functional work groups will include those for finance, marketing, material procurement, product design and other production related functions. As permanent work groups established to support each workshop as a functional business, individuals will at this point be able to focus their efforts and attention on developing further expertise in their specific sector and, thus, contribute to the business’ success.

¨ WSF will employ a “job shadowing” methodology in order to develop the capacity of each workshop’s marketing, finance, material procurement and design work groups. WSF’s Marketing Co-ordinator will be responsible for conducting a market feasibility study and identifying stable local, national and

13 Participants of the silver and copper embroidery workshop feel confident in their technical abilities, as well as their ability to train new workshop participants, and will not require the trainer for even the two-month period. Turkey – E’quake Rehabilitation 25 METR-11

international markets, as well as national exhibitions and fairs, where workshop products can be sold. Members of each workshops’ marketing work group will “shadow” the Marketing Co-ordinator in establishing relations with the various markets and vendors, and will ultimately be responsible for the continuation of all marketing activities at the completion of the project. The Marketing Co-ordinator will spend a great percentage of time identifying local markets and working directly with marketing group members. Marketing group members will be expected to take bi-monthly trips into Istanbul and the surrounding regions in order to develop marketing plans and strategies with the Co-ordinator, as well as meet with and formalise relations with interested buyers. It is expected that the products will find a good sales market within Turkey’s tourism industry, that caters to both national and international buyers.

¨ The Materials and Product Development Officer, along with the respective functional work group, will follow the same “shadowing” implementation strategy and work with members on product quality control, design and material purchases.

¨ The Finance work group will shadow WSF’s Finance Co-ordinator in developing financial feasibility work plans for the business, daily and monthly bookkeeping and reconciliations, tracking invoices and payments, payroll, etc… In this capacity, WSF’s Finance Co-ordinator will undertake programmatic as well as regular administrative functions. Further, UMCOR’s experienced expatriate Micro-Credit Program Manager will lend assistance to the workshops on an as needed and identified basis.

¨ WSF’s Marketing Coordinator will be responsible for the development of professional quality product- marketing brochures for distribution to vendors, retail shops and other buyers. Brochures will be developed for each workshop and will be used to market products on a wider scale.

Transition from Emergency The proposed training and activities seek to support the longer-term sustainability of the workshops so that the women can provide essential incomes to their household. In addition to providing women with valuable incomes, the program seeks to build women’s confidence in their abilities to promote their own livelihood. In order to encourage the sustainability and self-sufficiency of the workshops, WSF’s operational and material support for each workshop will be reduced by 10% each month beginning April 1, 2000. In this respect, each workshop will be required to contribute its earning back into the management and operations of the business. Operational costs will include payments to be made for utilities, maintenance, rental fees and any other associated costs. With WSF’s monthly percentage decrease in support for the workshops’ material and packaging costs, workshop members will also be required to contribute to the purchase of materials and related costs according to the product demand. Utilising such an approach, UMCOR and WSF seek to have each workshop fully sustaining its own operations, and workshop members confident and comfortable in their business, by the end of the project period. With workshops operating as a functioning and self-sustaining business by the end of the project period, WSF will no longer plan to continue programmatic or financial support for the workshops past 2001.

4) Community Rehabilitation

Description of Assistance UMCOR’s ultimate goal is to provide integrated educational assistance and basic disaster awareness to over 50 kindergarten-aged children, 500 high school students and 41 school teachers and administrators affected by the devastating November 12, 1999 earthquake epicentred in Duzce. Turkey – E’quake Rehabilitation 26 METR-11

The earthquake caused severe damage to the Kiz Meslek Lisesi and Kindergarten. No one was in the school at the time, although the earthquake caused irreparable structural damage to the school, leaving the government with no responsible alternative but to dismantle the remaining structure. A large portion of the school’s vocational equipment and supplies were destroyed. Since this time, the school has been able to repair some of the equipment and has received other supplies from UNICEF. Immediately following the earthquake, the school was provided with emergency assistance in the form of tents for the continuation of classes. In March 2000, an international donor agency and NGO (respectively Tear Fund Netherlands and the Canadian NGO, World Relief) provided essential short-term assistance to the school with the provision of 15 containers, that offered better winterisation assistance and relief than tents, for the continuation of classes. For the past year, the high school and kindergarten have continued their classes in these containers.

The below sectors of educational enrichment and basic disaster awareness also support the integrated objectives of the community rehabilitation project. Through construction of a permanent kindergarten facility, UMCOR seeks to provide kindergarten-aged children with a safe and secure environment in which they can develop and provide them with essential educational resources to enrich their educational capacity. Further, the proposed integrated project will lend itself to improving the education of 120 female high school students specialising in early childhood development studies, through the application of their studies within a “real-life” kindergarten setting. Lastly, UMCOR seeks to increase awareness of disaster preparedness and response amongst the school population of 541 individuals.

Implementation Description per Activity UMCOR intends to work closely and co-operate with the school’s director on the architectural design and blueprint of the kindergarten facility proposed for construction. Preliminary discussions with the school’s director have indicated that the facility will likely be composed of the following: two classrooms for learning and resting, a kitchen for the provision of lunch and snacks to the children, and a bathroom. The kindergarten will be constructed using designs and materials considered to be earthquake resistant.

Following the successful completion of the architectural drawing and other related technical specifics, UMCOR will release a tender for the construction of the kindergarten facility. UMCOR will conduct a competitive bidding process for award of the construction contract. UMCOR will monitor the quality of construction and material works by the contractor throughout the construction period. UMCOR’s Civil Engineer has extensive experience working with contractors in Turkey and is aware of all internal UMCOR procedures for monitoring and evaluation of works. UMCOR will prepare a contract for the successful contractor stipulating all legal binding obligations of the contractor, who will be required to operate in compliance with Turkish Government building codes and other regulations.

The Turkish Government will contribute to this project by providing infrastructure to the kindergarten, as well as furnishings and other equipment for the new facility.

Transition from Emergency Over a year since both earthquakes, the government is no longer encouraging the construction of any facilities or shelters that may be deemed temporary in their nature. Phase II of UMCOR’s operations focus on the development of longer-term community-based projects that can sustain themselves without the continued support and input of UMCOR. The proposed integrated construction project supports Phase II operations in that it provides the community with permanent solutions that allow them to resume and return to their daily routines and livelihoods. With the construction of a permanent kindergarten facility, the impact on the community, including young children and high school students enrolled at the school’s Early Turkey – E’quake Rehabilitation 27 METR-11

Childhood Development Program, can be considered both long lasting as well as self-sustainable. Further, UMCOR believes the proposed kindergarten construction and educational enrichment project components complement, and work to further integrate among the community, the high school construction works already completed by the government. UMCOR believes the proposed integrated project also demonstrates an important show of cost sharing and co-operative arrangements between the international community and the Turkish Government.

5) Educational Enrichment

Description of Assistance

Karamursel Primary Boarding School for Hearing Impaired Children The educational enrichment project will build off of Phase III of UMCOR’s educational enrichment project at the Karamursel Primary Boarding School for Hearing Impaired Children, funded by ACT International in calendar year 2000. Phase I and II of UMCOR’s work at the Karamursel School included the complete structural repair, retrofitting and internal rehabilitation of the school building, as well as the educational facilities. Phase III included project activities in the areas of disaster awareness and support for modern educational methods to teach hearing impaired children.

Disaster awareness activities include the following: a quake-busters non-structural hazard identification and mitigation session at the school; basic disaster awareness and emergency planning training for the school’s faculty; disaster awareness for children; the acquisition of earthquake educational materials; student field trips to earthquake and fire simulations centres and museums; and the development of disaster preparedness policy guidelines for people with disabilities.

Activities within the sector of modern educational methods for teaching hearing impaired children includes the following: purchase of educational enrichment resources for hearing impaired children; the sponsorship of a “visiting volunteers educational enrichment program;” sponsorship of an United Kingdom study tour for faculty to universities specialising in educational teaching methods for hearing impaired children; and sponsorship of an updated teaching methods workshop for Karamursel’s teachers by the leading university specialising in education for the hearing impaired in Turkey.

Continuation of Phase III of work under the proposed will include the following activities in support of children’s educational enrichment and development process:

¨ Support for a “visiting volunteers educational enrichment program.” ¨ Procurement of educational resources, materials and other visual references that will support and enhance children’s learning process and development. ¨ Sponsorship of two student field trips to the Kandlii Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute of Bogazici University in Istanbul.

Kiz Meslek Lisesi and Kindergarten ¨ Procurement of educational equipment, resources and supplies to facilitate and encourage children’s creative learning, educational enrichment, stimulation and early childhood development.

Implementation Description per Activity Karamursel Primary Boarding School for Hearing Impaired Children UMCOR will hire a part-time in-country consultant to co-ordinate the activities and schedule the “visiting Turkey – E’quake Rehabilitation 28 METR-11 volunteers educational enrichment program.” The consultant will identify a total of seven hearing impaired adults from around the world to volunteer anywhere from one to two weeks of their time to partake in the educational enrichment program at the school. Volunteers will spend time with children after school hours and on weekends in order not to interfere with the required Ministry of Education curriculum. Further, volunteers will take their lunch and dinner at the school with the children.

It is particularly important that the school’s children have contact with hearing impaired adult role models. Volunteers will share their own life experiences with the children, learn about the children, and lead semi- structured activities in the following areas:

¨ Mural design and production; ¨ Theatre games, talent shows and or other theatrical performances; ¨ Production of issues of Deaf Friends International or similar magazines with students contributing personal stories, photos, art work, etc.; ¨ Use of the Internet for browsing, email and pen-palling with other hearing impaired children around the world; ¨ Non-structural hazard identification and mitigation session with older children; ¨ Turkish sign language documentation project (in which volunteers depict the signs children use on paper with their translated meaning); and ¨ Pilot introduction of telecommunication devices for the hearing impaired, and use of fax and global text messaging systems via mobile phone.

At the time of this proposal writing, four volunteers have already been identified to visit the school in March 2001. UMCOR has already received a large number of responses from qualified individuals who have requested to partake in the visiting volunteers educational enrichment program. The additional three volunteers will be selected by UMCOR’s consultant from within this pool of applicants. UMCOR will provide volunteers with room and board and transportation costs.14

Included within its visiting volunteers educational enrichment program, UMCOR will hire a longer-term “visiting enrichment specialist” who will volunteer her time at the school for four months from September through December of 2001. UMCOR has identified a hearing impaired teacher with a masters degree in deaf education to live and work at the school for the proposed period of time.

The purchase of a variety of educational materials, games, books, posters, videos, globes, maps and software will be undertaken both for classroom use and for the children’s leisure time use in their activity room. Teachers have specifically requested hands-on teaching materials, such as cut-away dollhouses with families, simulation play materials, and math manipulatives in order to support delivery of the curriculum.

Visual and hands-on learning tools will be selected to support delivery of the curriculum using visual references. Materials will be chosen to enrich children’s view of the world, deaf history, cultures, linguistic expression, their own feelings, deaf role models, opportunities for the hearing impaired, how other people live, and employment opportunities.

Materials will be purchased from the United States, England and Turkey from teacher supply centres, educational toy stores, bookstores and other specialised stores for the hearing impaired. Some materials are prepared especially for hearing impaired children, while others are prepared for those with second language

14 The four volunteers identified for March of 2001 have volunteered to pay for their own transportation costs, thus UMCOR will only pay transportation costs for the remaining three volunteers. Turkey – E’quake Rehabilitation 29 METR-11 acquisition.

As a follow-up to the disaster awareness training in the initial Phase III of operations, UMCOR will sponsor two field trips to the Kandlii Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute in Istanbul for students of the Karamursel School.

Kiz Meslek Lisesi and Kindergarten UMCOR intends to work closely with the school’s director, kindergarten teachers and faculty trained in early childhood development, in the identification and selection of equipment, resources, educational supplies and materials meant to enrich early childhood development and education. Preliminary ideas for the procurement of educational equipment to support the children’s learning environment include puzzles, building blocks, puppets, theatre costumes, paints and colour pencils.

Following, or close to, the completed construction of the kindergarten, UMCOR, along with those individuals mentioned above, will conduct a thorough assessment of needs in support of its educational enrichment objective.

Implementation activities in support of the goals and objectives for the school construction will also support and facilitate the reestablishment of the institutional affiliation and arrangements between the Kiz Meslek Lisesi and the Kiz Meslek Kindergarten. The construction of a permanent and easily accessible kindergarten facility on the premises of the high school will lend itself to enhancing the educational process of the high school students specializing in early childhood development studies. The high school’s program of Early Childhood Development Studies includes a standard curriculum where students are required to student-teach at the affiliated kindergarten. With the construction of the facility, coupled with the new educational enrichment materials and supplies procured for the kindergarten, students of the ECDP will once again be given the opportunity to apply and practice their classroom studies in a safe and positive kindergarten environment.

Transition from Emergency

Karamursel Primary Boarding School for Hearing Impaired Children Prior to the August 1999 earthquake, the Karamursel school building was fairly bare and cold, the facilities meagre, and the children’s existence at the school was extremely isolated. With UMCOR’s comprehensive and phased project implementation at the Karamursel School in 2000, the school’s Director now describes the school as moving forward, and perhaps ahead of many of the other schools for the hearing impaired in Turkey.

Students only returned to the Karamursel School, after one school year’s time, in October 2000, when UMCOR completed all structural and internal construction and rehabilitation works to the building. The continuation of Phase III of educational enrichment for the school’s students will continue to complement the works begun by UMCOR in calendar year 2000.

Many of these children have never met hearing impaired adults and lack any vision for their future. Given the opportunity to spend quality time with successful and inspiring hearing impaired adults, UMCOR hopes visiting volunteers can serve as role models to inspire and lend hope to the school’s children as they begin to develop and create their own lives.

As the hearing impaired population of Turkey is extremely marginalised, the students of Karamursel will Turkey – E’quake Rehabilitation 30 METR-11 benefit from the project activities beyond the life of the project as volunteers will seek to enrich their lives and draw them out of the isolation of the school’s immediate environment. Further, the provision of visual educational materials will contribute to the students’ increased understanding and digestion of the standard educational curriculum. It is hoped that visiting volunteers, with their connections throughout the global hearing impaired community, will want to sustain their relations and commitment to the school in the years to come, and seek to develop both structured and non-structured institutional relations between the Karamursel school and other institutions and services for the hearing impaired.

Kiz Meslek Lisesi and Kindergarten Please refer to the Community Rehabilitation sector above, as the project will be implemented in an integrated fashion.

6) Basic Disaster Awareness

Description of Assistance

Community Outreach ¨ 30 seminars on basic disaster awareness, earthquake response and preparedness techniques to communities throughout the geographic regions in which UMCOR works. ¨ Distribution of brochures and “household action plans” on basic disaster awareness. ¨ Training of ten Basic Disaster Awareness (BDA) Outreach Teams in basic disaster awareness training and non-structural hazard mitigation practices.

Kiz Meslik Lisesi and Kindergarten ¨ Six seminars on basic disaster awareness for 500 students and 41 faculty. ¨ One basic disaster awareness training-of-trainers seminar for at least 15 interested faculty and/or high school students.

Implementation Description per Activity

Community Outreach The Istanbul Community Impact Project of Bosphorus University will conduct a total of 30 seminars on Basic Disaster Awareness for up to 1,200 individuals (from 1,200 families) from communities in Golcuk and Duzce in which UMCOR implements its multi-sectoral projects. In order to directly involve 1,200 interested individuals in the seminars, a total of 30 two-hour seminars will be held throughout the grant period. It is expected that 40 individuals will attend each seminar. In addition to the seminars, participants will receive materials, brochures and household action plans related to disaster awareness and earthquake preparedness and response.

An additional 40 individuals, comprising ten Basic Disaster Awareness (BDA) Outreach Teams from selected communities, will be trained by the Istanbul Community Impact Project of Bosphorus University (ICIPBU) in basic disaster awareness and non-structural hazard mitigation awareness and practice. Trained Community Outreach Volunteers (COVs) from UMCOR’s Community Outreach Program will be given high priority in the selection process. BDA Outreach Teams will be voluntarily based, and be expected to conduct outreach training on basic disaster awareness and to encourage and demonstrate non-structural hazard mitigation practices amongst communities. BDA Outreach Teams will receive training on basic disaster awareness, non-structural hazard mitigation practices and outreach and training techniques. As part of the training, ICIPBU will conduct hands-on training and house-to-house demonstrations in non-structural Turkey – E’quake Rehabilitation 31 METR-11 hazard mitigation with the BDA Outreach Teams.

Individuals attending basic disaster awareness seminars will receive a two-part Household Action Plan (HAP), which includes an “earthquake hazard hunt” and a “family plan.” BDA Outreach Teams will demonstrate proper non-structural hazard mitigation practices amongst households and encourage them to complete their HAP.

Part I of the HAP consists of an “Earthquake Hazard Hunt” which involves mitigating all household non- structural hazards. Examples of non-structural hazard mitigation may include the following: ensuring large wardrobes are secured to the wall; placing beds away from glass windows; covering glass windows with plastic; keeping a flashlight near to the bed in place of lighting matches during an earthquake; ensuring that shoes are kept next to the bed; ensuring that wall pictures are hung on a hook rather than a nail; securing televisions with straps; and storing heavy objects down-below (versus up-above) and behind locked cabinets, etc…

Part II of the HAP consists of the “Family Plan” which requires the entire family to discuss, and come up with, a “check-list” of things to prepare, know and do in the event of an earthquake. The “check-list” may include the following: identifying the safest place in the house to be during an earthquake; identifying escape routes; knowing the location of, and how to use fire extinguishers; keeping a first-aid kit in the house; storing important documents somewhere outside of the house, etc…

Those families who have completed the HAP and returned it to ICIPBU, via the BDA Outreach Teams and other Community Outreach Volunteers (COVs) (trained by UMCOR’s GBGM funded community outreach program), will receive a sticker to be placed in a window of their house with the logo, “We’re Getting Ready.” The ICIPBU will consider those families who have completed the entire process to be in compliance with disaster preparedness measures.

Kiz Meslek Lisesi and Kindergarten The Istanbul Community Impact Project of Bosphorus University will conduct a total of six seminars on Basic Disaster Awareness for students and faculty of the Kiz Meslek Lisesi. In order to directly include all 500 students and 41 faculty in the seminars, a total of three two-hour seminars will be held per day over a two-day period. In addition to the seminars, participants will receive materials and brochures related to disaster awareness and earthquake preparedness and response.

Following the implementation of the basic disaster awareness seminars, the Istanbul Community Impact Project will conduct a Basic Awareness Training-of-Trainers course for at least 15 faculty members and/or high school students. The school’s director, in co-ordination with UMCOR and the Istanbul Community Impact Project trainer, will identify those individuals who will partake in the training-of-trainers course. The course will be held for one full day and participants will receive additional materials on basic disaster awareness and training techniques.

Transition from Emergency Given the magnitude and destruction caused by the August and November 1999 earthquakes in Turkey, and the high geological potential for further earthquakes affecting western Turkey, it is essential that communities are aware of basic disaster management preparedness and response measures and techniques. It is believed that training in disaster preparedness will and can mitigate the potential for future casualties and/or damages in the event of another earthquake or other emergency disaster situation. By providing earthquake affected communities and households with training and information on basic disaster awareness and earthquake Turkey – E’quake Rehabilitation 32 METR-11 preparedness and response, the project directly supports families’ (and the school’s) ability to prepare and respond to future emergencies and/or earthquakes that may affect the community. Training seminars will also reinforce participants’ self-confidence and personal empowerment as they continue the difficult process of rebuilding their lives. Basic knowledge of disaster prevention and response measures can mean the difference between life and death in any emergency situation that elicits panic, and in particular amongst such a fragile population that has already suffered from devastating personal loss and physical destruction. It is UMCOR’s belief that training in disaster awareness management will also empower the targeted population by providing them with pro-active alternatives and responses to disaster management.

Further, by utilising a training-of-trainers model, and the organisation of BDA Outreach Teams, faculty and students will be able to continually transfer knowledge on basic disaster awareness to new incoming student classes and faculty, and communities can continue to receive outreach, assistance and information from within their settlements.

VII. IMPLEMENTATION AND MANAGEMENT

Administration UMCOR maintains an administrative and programmatic office in Istanbul, but is scheduled to open program field offices in Golcuk and Duzce in early 2001. UMCOR staff includes an experienced crew of expatriate and national staff. UMCOR has very strong relations with the local and international NGO community in Turkey, as well as with target communities in Golcuk and Duzce. The UMCOR/Turkey team will monitor the delivery, equitable distribution and eventual use of all inputs.

Monitoring and evaluation of proposed activities, as well as UMCOR’s partnership with its local NGO partner, will continue throughout the proposed project cycle. Individual program sectors will be evaluated against relevant criteria and process and impact indicators.

Monthly programmatic and financial reports will be prepared by UMCOR Turkey and submitted to the UMCOR Washington Headquarters. Additionally, quarterly narrative and financial reports will be prepared for ACT International.

The following UMCOR key management staff will be ultimately responsible for the program’s successful development, implementation, monitoring and evaluation:

The Head of Mission (HoM) will be responsible for overall management of the proposed projects in Turkey. The HoM will identify partners and donors and be responsible for reporting and complying with programmatic and financial donor requirements. The HoM will sign grant agreements under $100,000 USD and be responsible for legalities and the administration of the office in Istanbul, as well as for managing staff. He will represent UMCOR to Turkish government representatives and to local authorities.

The Finance/Compliance Director (FD) is responsible for compliance issues, for the timely production of finance reports to HQ and donors, and for tracking and monitoring grant expenditures. The FD will ascertain that proper procedures are in place for all procurement, purchasing and contracts, as well as ensure that local partners satisfy the requirements of donors in financial management.

The Finance Manager (FM) reports to the Finance Director and is responsible for tracking payments to vendors and contractors, paying administrative costs (housing, salaries, communications) on an as-needed basis, tracking petty cash, preparing monthly financial reports, and communicating to headquarters as Turkey – E’quake Rehabilitation 33 METR-11 necessary.

The Program Managers (PMs) will be responsible for overseeing the direct implementation of their project sector, working with local NGO partners on the development of appropriate intervention and implementation strategies, overseeing Program Assistants (designated for their respective sector), coordinating the efforts of local partners or contractors, preparing narrative reports, surveying project beneficiaries, and preparing a written summary of findings for presentation to local authorities. PMs and Assistants will monitor field activities, ensure project goals and objectives are met, offer guidance to field operatives and make adjustments, where necessary, to ensure the successful operation of the program.

Finance Management and Controls Accounting, financial management, and audits are provided by UMCOR’s Headquarters in Washington, D.C. Procurement will follow ACT Guidelines and UMCOR’s Procurement Policy.

The day-to-day management of Program finances is conducted by the UMCOR/Turkey Finance Director, in coordination with UMCOR’s headquarters office. The Finance Director, through UMCOR/DC, will provide timely financial narrative and capital assets reports to ACT in accordance with ACT Reporting Guidelines (on a quarterly basis). Upon the completion of the program, UMCOR will submit a final narrative and financial report according to the schedule agreed upon by ACT International, and will conduct an independent evaluation and audit report within 60 days of the program’s completion.

UMCOR will be responsible for financial and administrative management of the proposed program activities. UMCOR uses a highly recommended accounting software system designed for multi-donor funding. For field-based accounting, UMCOR uses ACCPAC/2000; a general ledger application designed to account for expenses at the grant level, in order to show how expenses are allocated among different grants. The system also provides for a clear audit trail for any expenditure. Specific expenses are managed in the following way:

Salaries: All employees fill out monthly timesheets indicating hours worked and on which projects. An appropriate supervisor signs the timesheets.

Operating Expenses: The Finance Director must approve all expenses valued up to $500. Following a budget review, the Head of Mission and Finance Director must approve expenses over $500 unless the expense is for a contract previously signed by the Head of Mission. In that case, only the Finance Director’s signature is required. Expenses are recorded and tracked with pre-numbered vouchers, allowing for a clear audit trail. Expenses are charged to the grants as they are incurred. Expenses shared among grants are allocated according to budget ratios.

Capital Assets and Equipment: All purchases of equipment and capital assets valued over $500 must be purchased in accordance with UMCOR and ACT applicable guidelines. Detailed information is kept on file for all equipment and capital assets purchased with donor funds.

Audits: Audits are essential elements of UMCOR’s financial accounting system. UMCOR conducts both internal and external audits of its grants. UMOCR retains an Internal Auditor who regularly visits each field office for the purpose of examining financial, managerial and personnel systems and procedures. For all U.S. Government grants, audits are conducted annually in accordance with OMB circular A-133 by an external auditor. Non-U.S. Government grants are also audited in accordance with applicable donor guidelines. Turkey – E’quake Rehabilitation 34 METR-11

Travel: Regional travel is approved in advance by the Head of Mission and his/her designee. International travel is approved in advance by the Head of Mission and, in certain cases, by the Assistant General Secretary in UMCOR/DC with proper regard to employment agreements.

Contracts: Contracts are required for all employees, office rent, expatriate housing, vehicle maintenance, and any temporary service provided to UMCOR, including labour and materials contracts.

Cash Management: Governmental and non-Governmental funds are held in separate bank accounts. Petty cash expenses are reconciled daily; cash on hand is reconciled with the general ledger at the end of each week in the Istanbul office and at the end of each month in UMCOR’s headquarters in Washington, D.C. Discrepancies (if any) are investigated immediately. Appropriate field staff (e.g., the Finance Director and Head of Mission) perform initial approval and review of expenditures; and monthly review of all transactions are performed by UMCOR’s headquarters in Washington, D.C.

Compliance: UMCOR adheres to all relevant donor regulations and guidelines, as well as GAAP. All expenses must meet the criteria to be reasonable, allowable and allowacable. UMCOR financial records are kept for a minimum of three years after the close of a project.

Reporting: As part of UMCOR financial management system, internal financial reporting is submitted to UMCOR’s headquarters for review and reconciliation on a monthly basis and on a quarterly basis to ACT International. Additionally, UMCOR will make a final financial report to ACT International within 45 days of the completion of the project. Monitoring Procedures Appropriate UMCOR staff will monitor all phases of activities. The implementation of projects will be monitored and evaluated according to established criteria and measurable indicators of success throughout the project period.

The Head of Mission will be responsible for all co-ordination and liaison functions related to the program. The Finance Director will be responsible for the financial monitoring of all individual projects with UMCOR/Turkey’s local partner. In addition, project evaluation for all activities will continue throughout the relevant project cycles. Reports will be prepared in accordance with all relevant guidelines, including those of ACT International.

UMCOR will endeavour to co-ordinate and facilitate other inputs as required to ensure the success of the program. UMCOR will inform ACT immediately of any problems that may arise, or if it becomes apparent that program changes are necessary or appropriate.

To the extent possible, UMCOR will ensure that individual projects are implemented in accordance with internationally accepted standards, such as those stated in the SPHERE manual.

Reporting: UMCOR Turkey will submit quarterly narrative and financial reports to ACT International according to its required reporting schedule, and final narrative and financial reports will be submitted to ACT International according to its established guidelines for report submission.

Evaluation: Within 60 days of project completion, UMCOR will conduct an independent project evaluation for presentation to ACT International and its donors. Turkey – E’quake Rehabilitation 35 METR-11

VIII. IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

1 January 2001 – 31 December 2001

IX. CO-ORDINATION

An important aspect related to all of UMCOR’s programming in Turkey is its co-ordination efforts with other local and international NGOs providing humanitarian assistance in the earthquake affected zones. UMCOR co-ordinates all of its project activities with the various agencies in order to insure there is no duplication of efforts, to discuss issues of shared concern and to share information. Further, UMCOR works closely with the local government agencies and camp management structures in all of its geographic areas of project implementation. Turkey – E’quake Rehabilitation 36 METR-11

X. BUDGET

ESTIMATED EXPENDITURE

Description Type of No of Unit Cost Budget Unit Units US$ US$ DIRECT ASSISTANCE Emergency Winterization Gas Heaters Each 150 65.00 9,750 Gas Bottles and Gas Each 4,500 8.60 38,700 Blankets Each 1,500 15.00 22,500 Monitoring Costs Each 10 40.00 400 Sub total 71,350

Social Development Field Operations (Local Partner) Field Coordinator Month 12 1,000.00 12,000 Local Travel Month 12 420.00 5,040 Office Supplies Month 1 230.00 230 Furnishings Lumpsum 170 Training, Educational and Counseling Educational Training Staff (3) Month 10 208.33 6,250 Seminar Training Staff (4) Each 4 338.75 5,420 Counselors (2) Month 12 1,482.00 35,568 Program Material, Supplies and Equipment Educational Handbooks Lumpsum 1 200.00 200 Seminar Brochures Lumpsum 1 320.00 320 Counseling Materials Lumpsum 1 500.00 500 Project adverts/Flyers Lumpsum 1 500.00 500 Furnishings: Counseling and Education Lumpsum 1 1,390.00 1,390 Women's Center Community Managers (2) Month 12 300.00 7,200 Security and Maintenance Month 12 750.00 9,000 Equipment and Furnishings Lumpsum 1,265 Utilities Month 12 200.00 2,400 Communications Month 12 125.00 1,500 Miscellaneous Supplies Month 12 200.00 2,400 Sub total 91,353

Income Generation Candle Making Workshop Materials and Packaging Month 7.5 3,573.00 26,798 Miscellaneous Workshop Equipment Lumpsum 9,850 Furnishings Lumpsum 1,025 Home Textile Workshop Materials and Packaging Month 7.5 3,950.00 29,625 Miscellaneous Workshop Equipment Lumpsum 3,150 Furnishings Lumpsum 1,620 Copper and Silver Embroidery Workshop Materials and Packaging Month 7.5 900.00 6,750 Facility Rental Month 8 75.00 600 Utilities Month 7.5 160.00 1,200 Miscellaneous Supplies Month 7.5 50.00 375 Workshop Center Security and Maintenance Month 12 75.00 900 Turkey – E’quake Rehabilitation 37 METR-11

Description Type of No of Unit Cost Budget Unit Units US$ US$ Utilities Month 12 150.00 1,800 Communications Month 12 125.00 1,500 Miscellaneous Supplies Month 12 150.00 1,800 Training Technical Training Staff Month 6 737.00 4,422 Leadership Training Staff Day 6 160.00 960 Training Materials Lumpsum 150 Marketing Marketing Staff (2) Month 12 1,250.00 30,000 Brochure Development and Production Each 4 1,250.00 5,000 Printing Lumpsum 1,000 Job Shadowing/Representation/Travel Month 12 810.00 9,720 Exhibitions Each 5 750.00 3,750 Communications Month 12 100.00 1,200 Sub total 143,195

Community Rehabilitation Kindergarten Construction Lumpsum 53,000 Engineering Supervision Lumpsum 5,750 Vehicle Fuel Month 6 150.00 900 Local Travel Month 6 250.00 1,500 Sub total 61,150

Educational Enrichment Kindergarten Miscellaneous Equipment and Supplies Lumpsum 5,000 Karamursel School for Hearing Impaired Educational Resources Lumpsum 2,000 Enrichment Volunteers Each 7 1,050.00 7,350 Enrichment Specialist Month 4 1,500.00 6,000 Project Consultant Days 5 300.00 1,500 Project Field Trips Each 2 300.00 600 Sub total 22,450

Basic Disaster Awareness Kindergarten Seminar Trainings Each 6 300.00 1,800 Training of Trainers Each 1 300.00 300 Brochure and Training Materials Each 1,000 1.00 1,000 Community Outreach Seminar Trainings Days 15 300.00 4,500 Training of Trainers Each 5 300.00 1,500 Brochure and Training Materials Each 1,200 2.00 2,400 Advertising Lumpsum 500 Facility Rental Each 20 50.00 1,000 Project Consultant Days 5 300.00 1,500 Sub total 14,500 Turkey – E’quake Rehabilitation 38 METR-11

Description Type of No of Unit Cost Budget Unit Units US$ US$ TRANSPORT, STORAGE , WAREHOUSING & HANDLING Transportation and Handling Transportation Each 15 200.00 3,000 Distribution Costs Each 10 40.00 400 Sub total 3,400

CAPITAL EQUIPMENT Computers (SDP) Each 3 1,200.00 3,600 Industrial Dishwasher (CMW) Each 1 800.00 800 Industrial Refrigerator (CMW) Each 1 500.00 500 Computer and Printer (LNGO-Field/Programs) Each 1 1,450.00 1,450 Computer and Printer (LNGO-HQ) Each 1 1,600.00 1,600 Furniture and equipment Lumpsum 950 Sub total 8,900

PERSONNEL, ADMINISTRATION, OPERATIONS &SUPPORT Salaries and Benefits: International Staff Head of Mission Month 12 200.00 2,400 Finance/Compliance Director Month 12 182.50 2,190 National Staff Finance Manager Month 12 75.00 900 Finance Assistant Month 12 50.00 600 Office Manager Month 12 55.00 660 Office Assistant Month 12 50.00 600 Fringe Benefits Benefits ( International Staff) Month 12 76.50 918 Expatriate Housing Month 12 120.00 1,440 Benefits (National Staff) Month 12 34.50 414 Staff Development Lumpsum 1,000 Local Partner Project Coordinator Month 12 1,300.00 15,600 Finance Coordinator Month 12 900.00 10,800 Consultants Consultants Lumpsum 1 6,000.00 6,000 Legal Services Lumpsum 1 500.00 500 Other Staff Costs: International Travel Int'l Staff Person 2 75.00 150 Travel conference Person 2 75.00 150 National Meals and lodging Month 12 150.00 1,800 Local Travel Month 12 100.00 1,200 Local Travel (LNGO) Month 12 240.00 2,880 Vehicle Expenses: Vehicle Rental Month 12 150.00 1,800 Vehicle Rental (LNGO) Month 12 150.00 1,800 Vehicle Fuel Month 12 100.00 1,200 Vehicle Fuel (LNGO) Month 12 120.00 1,440 Vehicle Maintenance Month 12 100.00 1,200 Vehicle Insurance Lumpsum 1 600.00 600 Administration: Office Rent Month 12 80.00 960 Description Type of No of Unit Cost Budget Turkey – E’quake Rehabilitation 39 METR-11

Unit Units US$ US$ Office Rent (LNGO) Month 12 200.00 2,400 Utilities Month 12 35.00 420 Equipment Maintenance Month 12 15.00 180 Communication Month 12 50.00 600 Communications (LNGO) Month 12 350.00 4,200 Postage and Courier Month 12 5.00 60 Office Supplies (LNGO) Month 12 225.00 2,700 Bank Charges Month 12 20.00 240 Miscellaneous Expenses Month 12 100.00 1,200 Sub total 71,202

Audit and Evaluation Audit Fees Lumpsum 1,000 Program Evaluation Lumpsum 3,000 Sub total 4,000

TOTAL ESTIMATED EXPENDITURE 491,499