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National Register of Historic Places Inventory NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (3-82) Exp. 10-31-84 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service For NPS use omy National Register of Historic Places Inventory — Nomination Form date entered See instructions in How to Complete National Register Forms Type all entries — complete applicable sections 1. Name historic Prospect ^ and or common Prospect House 2. Location Princeton University Campus street & number West of Washington Rd. f South of Nassau St. not for publication city, town Princeton vicinity of state New Jersey code 34 county Mercer code 21 3. Classification Category Ownership Status Present Use district public x occupied agriculture museum x building(s) X private unoccupied commercial park structure both work in progress x educational private residence site Public Acquisition Accessible entertainment religious object in process ^ yes: restricted government scientific being considered yes: unrestricted industrial transportation no military x other: Dining C' 4. Owner of Property name Princeton University street & number city, town Princeton ___ vicinity of state New Jersey 08544 5. Location of Legal Description courthouse, registry of deeds, etc. street & number 209 S. Broad Street city, town Trenton state New Jersey 08650 6. Representation in Existing Surveys Princeton Historic District title National Register Nomination has this property been determined eligible? yes no date June 25, 1975 federal state county local depository for survey records city, town state 7. Description Condition Check one Check one __ excellent _. _ deteriorated _ unaltered x original site x good ruins x altered moved date ...... fair unexposed Describe the present and original (if known) physical appearance Prospect in its present condition represents not only possibly the greatest residential masterpiece of a great American architect-John Notman but it is essentially the house which was Woodrow Wilson's residence when he was President of Princeton University. Although the solarium and southeast porches have been replaced by Warren Platner's large Garden Rxm restaurant, and the building has been adapted to its current use as a faculty club, virtually all the changes in the historic building have been made in the service wing. That wing now houses the mass feeding service facili­ ties and offices. The family's part of the the house is practically all there. With the exception of the Orange RDom, which has been carefully restored to its Victorian colors, most of the interiors are probably as they were during the Wilson years. While we know of no paint research having been done to try to associate the current colors with chronology, we do know that similar "Colonializa- tion" of Victorian color schemes was commonplace early in the twentieth century, i.e. in the Wilsonian period. ***************************************** Prospect is a Tuscan Villa designed by Philadelphia architect John Notman, and built in Princeton, New Jersey, for Thomas F. Potter in 1851-1852. The family's part of the mansion is a two-story structure with its tower on one end. At the opposite end, connected to it by a hyphen, is a service wing of three lower stories. Set well back from the street on a fine front lawn, one approaches it through a gateway flanked by four decorative sandstone gateposts. The driveway goes between the two central gateposts, which are taller than the others. There are pedestrian gates on either side. Carefully sited to take advantage of vistas, today the mansion is more hemmed in by lines of trees and by encroaching construction than it was originally. However, it still has a considerable garden. The mansion's walls are random- laid sandstone with quoins. The stones are a combination, part gray and part tan, giving an overall tan effect. There is an impressive porte cochere, surmounted by a balustrade. The balustrade is echoed by flanking bracket- supported balconies. There are two cast iron treillage porches. These are not shown on the Notman drawings of the Mansion.(1) It was in 1968-69 that Warren Platner added the Garden Room at the east end, on the rear or garden side of the house, facing south. A concrete and glass structure, it has an articulated concrete sunshade which continues the waffle pattern of the dining roan itself and harmonizes beautifully with the bracketed design of Notman's main cornice. Since the ground falls off at the rear of the house, Platner was able to create the Tap Room, a more informal dining room, under the main first floor dining area. 8. Significance Period Areas of Significance — Check and justify below prehistoric archeology-prehistoric community planning landscape architecture religion 1400-1499 archeology-historic conservation law science ....__ 1500-1599 agriculture economics literature sculpture _.._. 1600-1699 ^X architecture ^x education military social/ 1700-1799 art engineering music humanitarian _„ 1800-1899 commerce exploration/settlement philosophy .._...- theater X 1900- communications industry X politics/government transportation invention _ other (specify) Specific dates 1851-1852 Builder/Architect John Notman, Architect Statement of Significance (in one paragraph) Introduction Woodrow Wilson's association with Prospect spanned eight years: from October, 1902 through January, 1911, a period which encompassed his presidency of Princeton University, as well as the beginning of his political career. The Princeton phase of Wilson's professional career is of particular interest, not only for the content of his educational ideas, but for the impact of his ideas and programs on his later political career. Several Wilson scholars have noted that during this period, Wilson changed in political outlook from a conservative to a progressive, a shift that helped make him an effective Democratic leader, and later, an attractive presidential candidate. This change in political perspective appears to have been related in part to certain academic policies and programs that he supported while Princeton's president. Attention has particularly focused on what has become known as the Quadrangle Plan and the Graduate College Controversy. At issue in the latter dispute was the physical positioning of the Graduate College relative to the rest of the university, as a reflection of larger ideas about the desired relationship between graduate and undergraduate education. Wilson, who saw a primary role of graduate education as providing a role model for undergraduates, sought a central location for the Graduate College on Princeton's campus. Accordingly, he chose the site of the university president's home, Prospect, for its construction. This site was opposed by various segments of the university for educational as well as for strategic reasons, and the disagreement created a rift in the entire university. The heated and protracted nature of the dispute, as well as its implications for progressive politics, gave Woodrow Wilson considerable national exposure, and if not directly leading to his resignation in 1910, certainly made him receptive to the idea of pursuing a public career. Wilson scholars have also noted that during his support for various academic programs at Princeton, Wilson was to develop a style of leadership, a way of creating support for his programs, of dealing with the opposition, of carrying his case to wider audiences in the face of immediate opposition which was later to characterize his national presidency. During this period, Prospect as the residence of Princeton's president, served as Wilson's home and as such, was the setting of discussions of various academic programs. Additionally, because Wilson remained in Prospect until January 13, 1911, three months after his resignation as president, and two months as New Jersey's governor-elect, Prospect served as the setting of many political planning sessions, most significantly, the planning for the gubernatorial election of 1910 and the 1911 New Jersey senatorial race. The issues raised in these races would have a decided impact on the make-up of Wilson's constituency for the national presidency. 9. Major Bibliographical References See continuation sheet 10. Geographical Data Acreage of nominated property approximate 1 y 5 acres Quadrangle name Princeton Quadrangle Quadrangle scale 7 • 5 Minute Seri6S UTM References u A |l |8| I5l2i9.|l|5id |4 |4|6|6|lq I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 Zone Easting Northing Zone Ea sting North ing C ____ I I I . I I I I I I I ! I I D _ I 1 1 1 1 F i El I I I I I I ! I I I I ! I _ 1 i I I I i G , I I I , , i H _ 1 I i I i i Verbal boundary description and justification See Continuation Sheet, List all states and counties for properties overlapping state or county boundaries state New Jersey__________code__3^_county Mercer code 21 state code county code 11. Form Prepared By name/title Diann L. Jacox, Historian Henry J. Magaziner, Architect organization National Park S^rvice date August, 1984 street & number 143 South Third Street telephone t2 ^ 597- 9970___ city or town Philadelphia state Pennsylvania 19106 12. State Historic Preservation Officer Certification The evaluated significance of this property within the state is: __ national __ state __ local As the designated State Historic Preservation Officer for the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law 89- 665), I hereby nominate this property for inclusion in the National Register and certify that it has been evaluated according to the criteria and procedures set forth by the National Park Service. State Historic Preservation Officer signature title date For NPS use only I hereby certify that this property is included in the National Register date Keeper of the National Register Attest: date Chief of Registration GPO B94-7BB NFS Form 10-900-a OMB No. 1024-0018 (3-82) Ex p. 10-31-84 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Coritii'iijatioiisheet_______1______________Item number____ 7 __ Page 2 Notman's drawings show a polygonal solarium extending south of the east wing.
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