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The Journal of AUUG Inc. Volume 25 ¯ Number 3 September 2004
The Journal of AUUG Inc. Volume 25 ¯ Number 3 September 2004 Features: mychart Charting System for Recreational Boats 8 Lions Commentary, part 1 17 Managing Debian 24 SEQUENT: Asynchronous Distributed Data Exchange 51 Framework News: Minutes to AUUG board meeting of 5 May 2004 13 Liberal license for ancient UNIX sources 16 First Australian UNIX Developer’s Symposium: CFP 60 First Digital Pest Symposium 61 Regulars: Editorial 1 President’s Column 3 About AUUGN 4 My Home Network 5 AUUG Corporate Members 23 A Hacker’s Diary 29 Letters to AUUG 58 Chapter Meetings and Contact Details 62 AUUG Membership AppLication Form 63 ISSN 1035-7521 Print post approved by Australia Post - PP2391500002 AUUGN The journal of AUUG Inc. Volume 25, Number 3 September 2004 Editor ial Gr eg Lehey <[email protected]> After last quarter's spectacularly late delivery of For those newcomers who don't recall the “Lions AUUGN, things aregradually getting back to nor- Book”, this is the “Commentary on the Sixth Edi- mal. I had hoped to have this on your desk by tion UNIX Operating System” that John Lions the end of September,but it wasn't to be. Given wr ote for classes at UNSW back in 1977. Suppos- that that was only a couple of weeks after the “Ju- edly they werethe most-photocopied of all UNIX- ly” edition, this doesn’t seem to be such a prob- related documents. Ihad mislaid my photocopy, lem. I'm fully expecting to get the December is- poor as it was (weren't they all?) some time earli- sue out in time to keep you from boredom over er,soIwas delighted to have an easy to read ver- the Christmas break. -
Digital Typography and Artificial Intelligence
Peter Karow, Hamburg Digital Typography and Artificial Intelligence When did typefaces become digital? The target in 1972 : Automation of Photo Typesetting Our desktop in 1974 Our “PC” in 1980 50 M B m ass storage 2 .5 M B disks 2 m e t e r s h i g h First Ikarus brochure, Warsaw 1975 Digital Typefaces 1. Formats 2. Variations 3. Interpolation 4. Rasterizing 5. Hinting 6. Autotracing 7. Grayscaling 8. Element separation Subjects of digitizing Results Bitmap (left) Run length (middle) Vector (right) PostScript (left) Elements (middle) Metafont (right) Digital Typefaces 1. Formats 2. Variations 3. Interpolation 4. Rasterizing 5. Hinting 6. Autotracing 7. Grayscaling 8. Element separation Range of Variations 1. Continuous Enlarging 2. Contouring 3. Italizing (not Slanting) 4. Expanding/Condensing 5. Rounding 6. Shadowing 7. Antiquing In 1973, the first variations of typefaces were calculated as such: contouring and shadowing It was the birth of digital typefaces. Contouring The font “Ice Age” with variations Digital Typefaces 1. Formats 2. Variations 3. Interpolation 4. Rasterizing 5. Hinting 6. Autotracing 7. Grayscaling 8. Element separation Interpolation of hybrids Digital Typefaces 1. Formats 2. Variations 3. Interpolation 4. Rasterizing 5. Hinting 6. Autotracing 7. Grayscaling 8. Element separation Typical accidents from rasterizing (left) Various resolutions Digital Typefaces 1. Formats 2. Variations 3. Interpolation 4. Rasterizing 5. Hinting 6. Autotracing 7. Grayscaling 8. Element separation Basic hints in 1985 17 hints after the first refinements in 1987 Digital Typefaces 1. Formats 2. Variations 3. Interpolation 4. Rasterizing 5. Hinting 6. Autotracing 7. Gray scaling 8. Element separation Autotracing has to recognize at least the following elements: Digital Typefaces 1. -
Department of Printing Technology & Graphic Arts
DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR MARATHWADA UNIVERSITY, AURANGABAD Department of Printing Technology & Graphic Arts Advanced Diploma in Printing Technology & Graphic Arts 1.5 years-3 semesters course New Credit based syllabus 2011 Department of Printing Technology & Graphic Arts SCHEME FOR CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS) AND AWARDING GRADES TO THE STUDENTS IN UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENTS w.e.f. June, 2011 (Academic Year, 2011-2012) The CBCS System University Departments have adopted a credit-based system under the Academic Flexibility Programme of the University from the academic year 2011-2012. This provides the flexibility to make the system more responsive to the changing needs of our students, the professionals and society. It gives greater freedom to students to determine their own pace of study. The credit-based system also facilitates the transfer of credits. I. Admission / Promotion Admission to the course in the concern department will be done on the performance of CET score and / or their performance in the qualifying graduate level examination. The student will apply on the application form of the University provided with the prospectus. Once the student is admitted to the concern department/ course, he/ she will be promoted to next semester with full carryon; subject to the registration of student in every consecutive semester. Dropout student will be allowed to register for respective semester as and when the concerned courses are offered by the department, subject to the condition that his/her tenure should not exceed more than twice the duration of course from the date of first registration at parent department. The admission of concern student will be automatically get cancelled if he/she fails to complete the course in maximum period (Four years/ Eight semesters). -
Mechanism: Limited Direct Execution
6 Mechanism: Limited Direct Execution In order to virtualize the CPU, the operating system needs to some- how share the physical CPU among many jobs running seemingly at the same time. The basic idea is simple: run one process for a little while, then run another one, and so forth. By time sharing the CPU in this manner, virtualization is achieved. There are a few challenges, however, in building such virtualiza- tion machinery. The first is performance: how can we implement vir- tualization without adding excessive overhead to the system? The second is control: how can we run processes efficiently while retain- ing control over the CPU? Control is particularly important to the OS, as it is in charge of resources; without it, a process could simply run forever and take over the machine, or access information that it shouldn’t be allowed to access. Attaining performance while main- taining control is thus one of the central challenges in building an operating system. THE CRUX: HOW TO EFFICIENTLY VIRTUALIZE THE CPU WITH CONTROL The OS must virtualize the CPU in an efficient manner, but while retaining control over the system. To do so, both hardware and op- erating systems support will be required. The OS will often use a judicious bit of hardware support in order to accomplish its work effectively. 1 2 MECHANISM:LIMITED DIRECT EXECUTION 6.1 Basic Technique: Limited Direct Execution To make a program run as fast as one might expect, not surpris- ingly OS developers came up with a simple technique, which we call limited direct execution. -
BSD Based Systems
Pregled BSD sistema I projekata Glavne BSD grane FreeBSD Homepage: http://www.freebsd.org/ FreeBSD je Unix-like slobodni operativni sistem koji vodi poreklo iz AT&T UNIX-a preko Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) grane kroz 386BSD i 4.4BSD. Radi na procesorima kompatibilnim sa Intel x86 familijom procesora, kao I na DEC Alpha, UltraSPARC procesorima od Sun Microsystems, Itanium (IA-64), AMD64 i PowerPC procesorima. Radi I na PC-98 arhitekturi. Podrska za ARM i MIPS arhitekture je trenutno u razvoju. Početkom 1993. godine Jordan K. Hubbard, Rod Grimes i Nate Williams su pokrenuli projekat čiji je cilj bio rešavanje problema koji su postojali u principima razvoja Jolitzovog 386BSD-a. Posle konsultovanja sa tadašnjim korisnicima sistema, uspostavljeni su principi i smišljeno je ime - FreeBSD. Pre nego što je konkretan razvoj i počeo, Jordan Hubbard je predložio je firmi Walnut Creek CDROM (danas BSDi) da pripreme distribuiranje FreeBSD-a na CD-ROM-ovima. Walnut Creek CDROM su prihvatili ideju, ali i obezbedili (tada potpuno nepoznatom) projektu mašinu na kojoj će biti razvijan i brzu Internet konekciju. Bez ove pomoći teško da bi FreeBSD bio razvijen u ovolikoj meri i ovolikom brzinom kao što jeste. Prva distribucija FreeBSD-a na CD-ROM-ovima (i naravno na netu) bila je FreeBSD 1.0, objavljena u decembru 1993. godine. Bila je zasnovana na Berkeley-evoj 4.3BSD-Lite ("Net/2") traci, a naravno sadržala je i komponente 386BSD-a i mnoge programe Free Software Foundation (fondacija besplatnog- slobodnog softvera). Nakon što je Novell otkupio UNIX od AT&T-a, Berkeley je morao da prizna da Net/2 traka sadrži velike delove UNIX koda. -
TEX: a Branch in Desktop Publishing Evolution, Part 2
HISTORY OF DESKTOP PUBLISHING: BUILDING THE INDUSTRY THEME ARTICLE: HISTORY OF DESKTOP PUBLISHING: BUILDING THE INDUSTRY TEX: A Branch in Desktop Publishing Evolution, Part 2 Donald Knuth began the development of TEX in 1977 and had an initial version running in 1978, with the Barbara Beeton American Mathematical Society aim of typesetting mathematical documents with the Karl Berry highest quality, and with archival reproducibility far TEX Users Group into the future. Its usage spread, and today the TEX David Walden system remains in use by a vibrant user community. However, the world of TEX has always been somewhat out of sync with the commercial desktop publishing systems that began to come out in the mid-1980s and are now ubiquitous in the worlds of publishing and printing. Part 1 of this history (Annals vol. 40, no. 3) was about the creation of TEX at Stanford and how it began to spread. This part is about (a) the expansion of TEX-based and TEX-related technology, and development of a worldwide community of TEX users and developers following the lead of Knuth’s original collaboration model, and (b) the impact TEX has had on the broader world. In Part 1 we were primarily talking about TEX as developed by Knuth. In Part 2 we sometimes speak of (LA)TEX, meaning TEX or LATEX but mostly LATEX. We also often say TEX when we mean TEX and everything that has been built on top of and around TEX; we hope the distinction between the TEX program itself and these extended meanings is clear from the context. -
Speakers' Bios
Press Past Review Home Hotel Program Contact Us Room Events Committee Speaker Biographies Keynote Speaker: Vinton G. Cerf Vice President and Chief Internet Evangelist, Google Vinton G. Cerf is the Vice President and Chief Internet Evangelist at Google. Cerf has served as vice president and chief Internet evangelist for Google since October 2005. In this role, he is responsible for identifying new enabling technologies to support the development of advanced, Internet-based products and services from Google. He is also an active public face for Google in the Internet world. Cerf is widely known as one of the "Fathers of the Internet," Cerf is the co-designer of the TCP/IP protocols and the architecture of the Internet. In December 1997, President Clinton presented the U.S. National Medal of Technology to Cerf and his colleague, Robert E. Kahn, for founding and developing the Internet. Kahn and Cerf were named the recipients of the ACM Alan M. Turing award in 2004 for their work on the Internet protocols. The Turing award is sometimes called the "Nobel Prize of Computer Science." In November 2005, President George Bush awarded Cerf and Kahn the Presidential Medal of Freedom for their work. The medal is the highest civilian award given by the United States to its citizens. In April 2008, Cerf and Kahn received the prestigious Japan Prize. For a more detailed bio please click here. Speakers: Mr. Adil Allawi Director, Diwan Software Adil Allawi has been working on Arabic computing and multilingual software since 1982 and as such takes personal responsibility for all the problems that bi-di algorithms have caused to the Arabic language. -
A Multiple Master Based Method for Scaling Glyphs Without Changing the Stroke Characteristics
A Multiple Master based method for scaling glyphs without changing the stroke characteristics Tim Ahrens This essay was originally written as part of the MA Typeface Design programme at the University of Reading in 2006. It was later published in the academic journals Document Numérique and Digital Creativity. The method described here has been implemented as Font Remix Tools, a set of plugins for FontLab and Glyphs. Abstract This article presents methods for handling Multiple Masters (several type styles such as regular and bold joined in one font file) beyond the conventional applications such as generating semibold fonts. The “bold- ness” information in an MM font can be used to change the size of glyphs without changing the stroke weight. The method helps to create small caps, Cyrillic lowercase and – since the horizontal and vertical scale fac- tors can be chosen independently – even true condensed fonts. Comparisons to existing typefaces with designed small caps and con- densed versions show that the output generated by the model is rather close to that of the true glyphs. In contrast to “intelligent” data formats that generate glyphs, the model suggested here is a technology-independent formula for the processing of pre-existing shapes. The output has the same format as the input and can be subsequently modified, making the method a tool for the auto- mation of a specific design step rather than a stand-alone technology. A Multiple Master based method for scaling glyphs without changing the stroke characteristics Tim Ahrens 1. OBJECTIVES 2. ThE mEThOd A first simple approach More specific control over the stroke weight Anisotropic scaling Taking into account italic angles Optical sizes Scaling the bold master and enlarging Spacing and Kerning Notes on the actual scale factor Implementation Equalising the input 3. -
The Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges CCSC CONSORTIUM for COMPUTING SCIENCES in COLLEGES
The Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges CCSC CONSORTIUM FOR COMPUTING SCIENCES IN COLLEGES ccsc.org Papers of the 36th Annual CCSC Eastern Conference October 23rd-24th, 2020 Hood College Frederick, MD Volume 36, Number 3 October 2020 The Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges Papers of the 36th Annual CCSC Eastern Conference October 23rd-24th, 2020 Hood College Frederick, MD Baochuan Lu, Editor John Wright, Regional Editor Southwest Baptist University Juniata College Volume36,Number3 October2020 The Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges (ISSN 1937-4771 print, 1937- 4763 digital) is published at least six times per year and constitutes the refereed papers of regional conferences sponsored by the Consortium for Computing Sciences in Colleges. Copyright ©2020 by the Consortium for Computing Sciences in Colleges. Per- mission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted provided that the copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage, the CCSC copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by permission of the Consortium for Computing Sciences in Colleges. To copy otherwise, or to republish, requires a fee and/or specific permission. 2 Table of Contents The Consortium for Computing Sciences in Colleges Board of Directors 9 CCSC National Partners 11 Welcome to the 2020 CCSC Eastern Conference 12 Regional Committees — 2020 CCSC Eastern Region 14 Reviewers — 2020 CCSC Eastern Conference 15 The "What’s Next Economy" — Keynote Address 16 Jonathan Aberman, Marymount University Programming With the Cloud — National Partner Session 18 Laurie White, Google for Education Techniques to Effectively Teach a Course Online — National Partner Session 19 Yamuna Rajasekhar, zyBooks Virtual Cluster for HPC Education 20 Linh B. -
The Journal of AUUG Inc. Volume 23 ¯ Number 4 December 2002
The Journal of AUUG Inc. Volume 23 ¯ Number 4 December 2002 Features: This Issues CD: Knoppix Bootable CD 4 Using ODS to move a file system on the fly 7 Handling Power Status using snmptrapd 9 Process Tracing us ptrace - Part 2 11 Viruses: a concern for all of us 13 Viruses and System Security 21 Why Success for Open Source is great for Windows Users 22 Root-kits and Integrity 24 Installing and LAMP System 32 Exploring Perl Modules - Part 2: Creating Charts with GD:: Graph 38 DVD Authoring 41 Review: Compaq Presario 1510US 43 Athlon XP 2400 vs Intel Pentium 4 2.4Ghz and 2.8Ghz 46 Creating Makefiles 52 The Story of Andy’s Computer 54 News: Public Notices 5 AUUG: Corporate Members 9 AUUG: Chapter Meetings and Contact Details 61 Regulars: President’s Column 3 /var/spool/mail/auugn 3 My Home Network 5 AUUGN Book Reviews 7 ISSN 1035-7521 Print post approved by Australia Post - PP2391500002 AUUG Membership and General Correspondence The AUUG Secretary AUUG Inc Editorial PO Box 7071 Con Zymaris [email protected] Baulkham Hills BC NSW 2153 Telephone: 02 8824 95tl or 1800 625 655 (Toll-Free) I remember how exhilarating my first few brushes Facsimile: 02 8824 9522 with computerswere. It was the late ’70s. We had just Email: [email protected] experienced two massive waves of pop-technology AUUG Management Committee which swept through the public consciousness like a Email: au ugexec@au u.q.org.au flaring Tesla-coil: Star Wars had become the most successful film of all time, playing in cinemas (and President drive-ins.., remember those?) for over two years. -
Improved Unicode Support in Fontlab Studio 5
Improved Unicode support in FontLab Studio 5 Adam Twardoch Improved Unicode support in FontLab Studio 5 Frankfurt (Oder), April 2005. Version 1.0 he new generation of FontLab’s professional font editors (FontLab Studio 5 and AsiaFont Studio 5) includes numerous improvements relevant for Unicode T font developers. We present some of the feature highlights: better support for Unicode 4.1, support for advanced layout technologies (improved OpenType Layout support and new AAT support), greatly improved class-based kerning and metrics. We discuss the key improvements in FontLab Studio 5 that are helpful in the process of designing and developing fonts for Unicode environments. We focus on the issues of glyph naming and encoding as the crucial prerequisite for creating a functioning Uni- code-compatible font. We present guidelines for glyph naming and encoding and discuss two specific case studies that demonstrate their practical application. Fontlab Ltd. [1] is an international software vendor that has stayed at the forefront of digital font management by remaining devoted to developing font editors and typography products. Their full line of products is dedicated to solving the most com- plex typography issues. These products include: FontLab, AsiaFont Studio, ScanFont, TypeTool, SigMaker, TransType, CompoCompiler, BitFonter and FONmaker. The Font- lab Ltd. team works in offices in Canada, Germany, Panama, Russia and USA. With FontLab Studio 5 and AsiaFont Studio 5, software developers and type designers are able to create professional-quality Unicode-savvy OpenType fonts: either from new artwork or by converting their existing font libraries from legacy formats. Adam Twardoch [2] is Scripting Products and Marketing Manager at Fontlab Ltd. -
Postgresql Freebsd 12 12 PROC PDEATHSIG CTL
Walking Through Walls PostgreSQL ♥ FreeBSD [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] About me • New to FreeBSD hacking Mentors: mjg, allanjude • ~20 years work on proprietary C, C++, … applications on lots of different kinds of Unix • Past ~4 years working on PostgreSQL at EnterpriseDB • Past ~3 years dabbling in FreeBSD, beginning with the gateway drug of ZFS home storage boxes, now my main development and server environment • Personal goal: make FreeBSD and PostgreSQL the best relational database stack Berkeley • INGRES: Developed at UC Berkeley, 197x-1985 • Relational database ideas inspired by IBM’s System/R (though using QUEL instead of SQL), developed on PDPs just as Unix arrived at Berkeley • First software released entirely under BSD licence (CSRG distribution still needed AT&T licence for parts) Michael Stonebraker • POSTGRES: Developed at UC Berkeley, 1986-1994 • Entirely new system (but still using INGRES’s QUEL query language) • Developed on SunOS (derived from 4.3BSD) and Dynix (derived from 4.2BSD, added SMP support for Sequent computers) and (probably) various other flavours of BSD • PostgreSQL: Modern open source project, 1996- • We current claim to support Linux, {Open,Net,Free}BSD, macOS, AIX, HP/ UX, Solaris, Windows; in the past we supported IRIX, Tru64, UnixWare, Latter day PostgreSQL BSD/OS, BeOS, QNX, SunOS, SCO OpenServer hackers on a pilgrimage to Berkeley How operating systems look to database hackers • APIs, man pages, standards chiselled in stone • Administration tools, tunables,