Chapter V Analysis of Irrigation Survey Chapter V Analysis of Irrigation Survey
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CHAPTER V ANALYSIS OF IRRIGATION SURVEY CHAPTER V ANALYSIS OF IRRIGATION SURVEY 5.1 General 128 5.2 Economic Survey 130 5.2.1 Major Crops 131 5.5.2 Agriculture Income 142 5.2.30ther Income 143 5.2.4 Fertilizers 144 5.2.5 Energy Sources 145 5.2.6 Agricultural Facilities 146 5.3 Village Wise Soil Moisture Comparison 147 5.5.1 Village Wise Soil Moisture Content 148 5.3.2 Soil Moisture Difference 158 5.3.3 Season Wise Soil Moisture 161 5.4 Population Analysis 162 5.4.1 Age Group 163 5.4.2 Occupation 164 5.4.3 Dependent Population on Agriculture 164 5.5 Water Management 165 5.5.1 Irrigation Sources 165 5.5.2 River lifts irrigation 167 5.5.3 Well Irrigation 167 5.5.4 Canal Irrigation 168 5.5.5 Water Conservation 169 5.5.6 Water Collection from Distance 170 5.6 Water Requirement 172 5.7 Irrigation 175 5.7.1 Methods of Agriculture 175 5.7.2 Types of Irrigation 176 5.8 Problems of Agriculture 179 5.9 Testing of Hypotheses 181 5.9.1 Hypothesis No. 1: (Chi-Square) 181 5.9.2 Hypothesis No. 2: ('Z' Test) 182 5.9.3 Hypothesis No. 3: ('Z' Test) 183 5.9.4 Hypothesis No. 4: (Correlation) 185 5.9.5 Hypothesis No. 5: ('Z' Test) 186 5.9.6 Income Per Hectare 188 5.10 Nilwande Dam Canal Site Sutablity 188 5.10.1 Suitable Canal Site No. 1 188 5.10.2 Suitable Canal Site No. 2 189 5.11 The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) 190 5.12 Resume 205 CHAPTER V ANALYSIS OF IRRIGATION SURVEY 5.1 General Survey involves collection of primary and secondary data about the village. Information about this basic data is very essential in a country like India, where almost 75% of the population live in the villages. Secondly, such surveys also help in understanding the socioeconomic structure of the villages. The field survey provides ideas for the emerging geographers to fiirther take up the study of large area at a greater level and forms a base for the regional planning at national level. One has to be introducing all the aspects of field study and survey. Due to this reason field survey of a village we are getting proved information about study area. The selection of the villages is done on the basis of random sampling techniques. In field studies, a village is selected because it is the basic administrative unit reflecting the characteristics of the areas in terms of its socioeconomic and physical conditions. The village is said to be the basic geographical unit because number of villages constitute a taluka similarly, a number of talukas combine to form district and several districts together constitute the state, which with other states forms a country. The main aim of the village survey is to know about the physical, social and economic features of the place and to collect the first hand information and to know the nature of the interaction of man and environment. Firstly, the physical, geographical aspects of the village are studied; secondly, the socioeconomic conditions are studied; thirdly, the land area is evaluated and lastly, the demographic characteristics and settlement pattern are studied. 128 Table 5.1 Selected Villages for Agricultural Irrigation Survey 2014-2015 Villages Frequency Percentage Mhaladevi 41 10.2 Dhokari 34 8.5 Gardhani 51 12.7 Nilwande 24 6 Rumbodi 37 9.2 Bahirwadi 27 6.7 Kalas Bk. 42 10.4 Parkhatpur 24 6 Dhumalwadi 41 10.2 Sugaon Bk. 25 6.2 Rede 21 5.2 Unchkhadak Kh. 35 8.7 Total 402 100 Source: The field Survey (2015). The above table 5.1 covers 12 villages for agriculture survey using technique of Salant and Dillman. It show that Gardani is highest percentage and lowest household in Rede village. This sample survey depended on population size. 129 5.2 Economic Survey Table 5. 2 Agricultural Area (in ha.) Area Horticulture Arable (in ha.) Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage below 1 256 63.6 381 94.8 1.01 to 2 103 25.6 16 4 2.01 to 3 23 5.7 1 0.2 3.01 to 4 9 2.2 3 0.7 4.01 to 5 4 1 0 0 Above 5 7 1.7 1 0.2 Total 402 100 402 100 Source: The field Survey (2015). The above table 5.2 shows that accumulation of population is more in irrigated area than arable area. Approximately about 63.6% populations are having less than Iha. area while maximum house holder having less than 5ha. land. It is also show that in the arable area absence of land above 4ha. this is under land scarcity. 130 5.2.1 Major Crops Table 5.3 Cultivated Crops Sr.No Name of Crops Frequency Percentage Cumulative Percentage 1. Cora 43 3.23 3.23 2. Bajara 246 18.51 21.74 3. Wheat 222 16.76 38.5 4. Sugarcane 174 13.09 51.59 5. Soyabean 45 3.38 54.97 6. Onion 255 19.18 74.15 7. Groundnut 13 0.97 75.12 8. Gram 88 6.62 81.74 9. Pomegranate 49 3.68 85.42 10. Tomato 93 6.99 92.41 11. Fodder Crops 60 4.51 96.92 12. Other 41 3.08 100 Total 1329 100 - Source: The field Survey (2015). 131 • Corn • Bajara • Wheat • Sugarcane • Soyabean • Onion • Groundnut • Gram • Pomegranate • Tomato Graph 5. 1 Cultivated Crops In study area there are two main agricultural seasons i.e. Rabbi or the season of winter crops and the Kharif or the season of summer crops. Rabbi crops are the crops which is grown in the period of October - November to February - March with the help of stored monsoon water, soil moisture and dew, the main crop which are grown during the season are Wheat, Gram, Pulses (Masur), Green peas etc. Kharif crops are usually sown with the beginning of the first rain in July, during the south - west monsoon season i.e. Rice, Vare, Pulses (Udid), Tomato etc. In study area was observed the more percentage of up to Iha. land. 132 Is c — ii E s s cs 'u v s < 01 a. uo U a u CO s o 5 IT! eJD Ii.? < ? 2 133 l3.^TI.«ft>»^ ^.,L<);^ >*:i-i. i t! I 3 >/; L> > A n N o ea tm U 4-e1 s S eJD !/5 5 •- eS> C„. !i ^ |?r3ri3..«"t 134 1n1 11 III a <u a.' p I o s s •i c 5? < 2 2 tS o 0o* .S« 135 136 s- li a I/; c^ g S U e Ss e S s u u u es fi es u b es soi l t/1 e s •c w Q I/? eJD < s? - » rs e OL CID 137 1 138 Table 5.4 Major Crops in the Study Area (in ha.) c c re n k- 0) u Village re u '(5 •o re re '(5* o 00 > CO 2 3 o Agar 3 0 28 0 27 0 Agastinagar (N.V.) 67 0 12 0 3 2 Akole 30 1 14 0 11 14 Ambad 31 1 9 0 6 30 Ambevangan 0 74 0 21 0 0 Ambikanagar (N.V.) 77 0 6 0 11 0 Aurangpur 12 0 9 1 27 40 Babhul Wandi 17 24 0 54 0 0 Bahirwadi 38 2 12 1 21 3 Bari 0 74 0 13 0 0 Bhandardara 0 26 0 54 0 0 Bhojadarawadi (N.V.) 10 13 0 36 1 4 Chichondi 0 78 0 14 0 0 Chitalwedhe 36 5 5 6 25 14 Deogaon 0 26 0 65 0 0 Dhamangaon Awari 47 1 10 0 2 25 Dhokri 31 0 22 0 25 4 Dhumalwadi 32 1 18 0 7 32 Digambar 16 8 0 70 0 0 Dongarwadi 19 25 0 47 0 0 Gardani 84 0 2 1 6 6 Ghatghar 0 30 0 58 0 0 Guhire 0 31 0 55 0 0 Indori 1 0 10 0 51 13 Jahagirdarwadi 0 66 0 16 0 0 Jamgaon 4 15 1 42 6 15 139 Kalas Bk. 57 0 2 10 8 0 Kalas Kh. 84 0 0 0 5 0 Katalapur 0 33 0 59 0 0 Kelungan 1 47 0 41 0 1 Khanapur 19 2 0 57 5 5 Khirvire 1 39 0 55 0 0 Kodani 0 73 0 20 0 0 Kohandi 3 32 0 39 0 0 Koltembhe 0 20 0 61 0 0 Kombhalne 7 13 0 68 0 2 Kumbhefal 47 0 11 2 18 9 Ladagaon 0 24 0 67 0 0 Malegaon 2 34 0 41 0 0 Manhere 0 59 0 37 0 0 Manoharpur 54 0 7 0 7 20 Mehenduri 8 1 3 0 64 2 Mhaladevi 33 4 0 0 35 5 Murshet 0 79 0 17 0 0 Muthalane 44 10 0 45 0 0 Mutkhel 0 14 0 71 0 0 Navalewadi 23 0 24 0 22 15 Nilwande 23 15 12 0 21 22 Nimbral 24 9 15 0 24 20 Nirgudwadi (N.V.) 20 24 0 45 0 0 Pabhulwandi 0 26 0 57 0 0 Panjare 0 41 0 49 0 0 Parakhatpur 26 0 38 0 16 5 Pendshet 0 65 0 25 0 0 Pimpalgaon Nakvinda 39 20 0 19 0 1 Pimparkane 15 24 0 46 0 0 Poparewadi 9 13 0 71 0 0 140 Rajur 0 13 0 40 0 1 Randha Bk.