DOCSLIB.ORG

Galbreath Cultural Resource Plan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Galbreath Cultural Resource Plan Education, Preservation and Stewardship: A Cultural Resources Management Plan for the Galbreath Wildlands Preserve, Mendocino County, California by Stacey L. Zolnoski A thesis submitted to Sonoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in Cultural Resources Management ______________________________ Adrian Praetzellis, Ph.D., Chair ______________________________ John Wingard, Ph.D. ______________________________ Claudia Luke, Ph.D. ______________________________ Date i Copyright 2015 By Stacey L. Zolnoski ii Authorization for Reproduction of Master’s Thesis I grant permission for the reproduction of parts of this thesis without further authorization from me, on the condition that the person or agency requesting reproduction absorb the cost and provide proper acknowledgement of authorship. Date:________________________ ______________________________ Signature ______________________________ Street Address ______________________________ City, State, Zip iii Education, Preservation and Stewardship: A Cultural Resources Management Plan for the Galbreath Wildlands Preserve, Mendocino County, California Thesis by Stacey L. Zolnoski ABSTRACT Purpose of the Study: The purpose of this thesis is to provide: (1) an overview of the history, ethnography and prehistory of the Preserve and its general surroundings; (2) the methods and results of several archaeological investigations taking place within the Preserve and the documentation of the cultural resources discovered during those investigations; (3) the regulatory context for all activities that constitute a project under CEQA and PRC, as well as the environmental process required for addressing resources within a project area; and (4) recommendations for avoiding or minimizing impacts to those resources. Methods: A records search was conducted at the Northwest Information Center (NWIC) to identify previous studies and archaeological sites located on the Preserve. The field study consisted of intensive pedestrian surveys of approximately 70 acres including 3.5 miles of access roads. Previously recorded sites were updated and newly recorded sites were recorded using the California Department of Parks and Recreation (DPR) forms. All previously and newly identified sites were given preliminary evaluations for the California Register of Historical Resources. Findings: The records search resulted in 6 previously identified prehistoric archaeological sites within the Preserve. New surveys and studies conducted on the Preserve identified 6 new historic-era archaeological sites on the Preserve. Of the 12 archaeological sites, 10 appear to be potentially eligible for the California Register of Historical Resources. Site types include: prehistoric seasonal camps and resource procurement areas, historic-era lumber mills, a historic-era work camp, a historic-era dam and a historic-era homestead and apple orchard. Conclusions: Based upon the research and discoveries, recommendations were made to assist land managers with legal compliance during the environmental review process for all projects subject to CEQA and PRC. Three types of recommendations were made: (1) general recommendations to incorporate research, planning and stewardship into Preserve policy; (2) activity specific recommendations based upon common activities taking place on the Preserve; and (3) site-specific recommendations to avoid, minimize or mitigate impacts to particular cultural resources. _______________________________________ __________________ Chair: Date: M.A. Program: Cultural Resources Management Sonoma State University iv Acknowledgement v Table of Contents Chapter Page I. INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................1 Purpose of Study.....................................................................................................3 Thesis Structure………………………………………………………………...…3 Environmental Background….................................................................................6 Location and Topography............................................................................6 Climate and Hydrology…………………………………………………....6 Geology and Soils........................................................................................8 Flora and Fauna............................................................................................9 II. PREHISTORIC BACKGROUND…............................................................................12 Cultural Chronology of the North Coast Ranges...................................................12 The Paleo-Indian Period........................................................................................14 The Archaic Period................................................................................................15 Lower Archaic……………………………..…………………………….16 Middle Archaic…………………………………………………………..17 Upper Archaic………………………………………………………........18 The Emergent Period.............................................................................................19 III. ETHNOGRAPHIC BACKGROUND.......................................................................22 Pomo Linguistic Groups........................................................................................22 Central Pomo Environment and Territory.............................................................26 Central Pomo Villages and Campsites...................................................................26 vi Yō'kaia............................................................................................27 Ciégo..............................................................................................27 Cokōa.............................................................................................29 Yō'bakeya.......................................................................................29 Danō'keya......................................................................................29 Bō'keya...........................................................................................30 Social and Political Organization...............................................................30 Neighbors, Trade, and Exchange...............................................................32 Settlement, Subsistence, and Material Culture..........................................33 Dwellings, Sweathouses, and Ceremonial Buildings....................33 Food and Subsistence....................................................................35 Resource Management...................................................................38 Basketry and Clothing……………………....................................40 IV. HISTORIC BACKGROUND.....................................................................................43 Early Exploration of California.............................................................................43 Spanish Colonial Period (1769-1821)........................................................44 Russian Period (1812-1841)......................................................................45 Mexican Period (1822-1846).....................................................................46 American Period (1846-)...........................................................................46 Mendocino County................................................................................................48 Yorkville…………………………………………………………………52 Ranching in Northern California………………………………………...56 Logging in Northern California.................................................................58 vii Lumber Mills and Milling Technology..........................................58 A Brief History of Northern California Mills……………………61 The First Mills in Anderson Valley…...........................................64 The Northwestern Pacific Railroad……………………………...……….65 History of the Galbreath Wildlands Preserve............................................66 Fred Galbreath…...........................................................................66 Charlie Hiatt...................................................................................67 Fred’s First Ranch..........................................................................68 The Preserve……………...............................................................69 Ranching on the Preserve...............................................................70 Timber Harvest on the Preserve.....................................................71 Logging Redwoods…....................................................................72 Other Activities on the Preserve……............................................73 V. REGULATORY CONTEXT......................................................................................76 Definitions and Terms of Art.................................................................................76 Cultural Resources.....................................................................................77 Cultural Resources Management...............................................................77 Historic Properties versus Historical Resources…………………………78 Unique Archaeological Resources……………………………………….79 A Brief History of CRM Law................................................................................79 The Antiquities Act of 1906......................................................................79 The Historic Sites Act of 1935...................................................................79
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Our Trails Please Visit: Or Call (707) 962-0470
    Leggett Peter Douglas Trail d a o R l HWY 1 a s U South Fork Eel River Eel Fork South D B ROA RANSCOMB South Fork Eel River Westport Wages Creek k h For Ten rt Mile No Ri ver Newport Trail Seaside Beach Mid dle F ork Ten Mile R Ten Mile River iver HWY 1 So uth Fo rk Ten Mile River Cleone F ORT BR AGG SHERWOOD ROAD eek Pudding Cr Fort Bragg Noyo River Noyo Harbor Viewpoint Hare Creek Beach Hare Creek Belinda Point Trail HWY 20 Caspar Caspar Uplands Caspar Creek ROAD 409 Trail HWY 1 Big River LITTLE LAKE ROAD Mendocino Mendocino Bay Viewpoint rk Albion th Fo River Little River Nor Little River Little River COMPTCHE-UKIAH Blowhole Trail ROAD Comptche Albion River Trailheads Dark Gulch Trail Towns Albion F L Y 0 5 N Navarro Blufflands Trail N C Navarro Point R E E 1 2 3 4 Navarro River K R Scale (miles) O A HWY 128 D Peg & John er Frankel Trail Riv rro rth Fork Nava PH No ILO -GREEN WO OD Elk RO AD Coastal Trails from north to south Peter Douglas Trail: 2.3-mile addition to the beautiful Lost Coast Trail. Look for milepost 90.7 on Highway 1 and Usal Rd. Start hiking near Usal campground at Sinkyone State park, or mile marker 4.5 on Usal Rd. Newport Trail: 1.25-mile segment of the California Coastal Trail for bikes and pedestrians. Trail is parallel to Highway 1 between mileposts 72.15 and 73.55.
    [Show full text]
  • Navarro Watershed Restoration Plan
    NAVARRO WATERSHED RESTORATION PLAN A JOINT PROJECT OF THE MENDOCINO COUNTY WATER AGENCY THE COASTAL CONSERVANCY THE ANDERSON VALLEY LAND TRUST Prepared by: Entrix, Inc. Pacific Watershed Associates Circuit Rider Productions, Inc. The Navarro Watershed Community Advisory Group Daniel T. Sicular, Ph.D. JUNE, 1998 NAVARRO WATERSHED RESTORATION PLAN Published Jointly by: ANDERSON VALLEY LAND TRUST, INCORPORATED P.O. Box 1000 Boonville, CA 95415 (707) 895-2090 CALIFORNIA STATE COASTAL CONSERVANCY 1330 Broadway Oakland, CA 94612-2530 (510) 286-1015 MENDOCINO COUNTY WATER AGENCY Courthouse Ukiah, CA 95482 (707) 463-4589 This Document is Printed on Recycled Paper TABLE OF CONTENTS Page List of Tables ......................................................................................................................... List of Figures........................................................................................................................ Glossary ................................................................................................................................. Acknowledgments.................................................................................................................. Executive Summary............................................................................................................... 1.0 Introduction................................................................................................................ 1-1 1.1 Basis of Need for Restoration Plan...............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Rattlesnakeisland2.Pdf Description of Island and History Of
    NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7 Page 1 Rattlesnake Island Lake County, CA Introduction Rattlesnake Island is the largest Island in Clear Lake encompassing ~56 acres and located in the eastern arm of Clear Lake. It lies ~800 feet off shore of the Sulphur Bank Rancheria, present-day home to the Elem Indian Colony. The island contains 6 recorded archaeological sites ranging in age from ~5,000 years old to the recent historic period. The largest of the 6 recorded sites is CA-LAK-89/H, which represents the ethno-historic village of Elem. All 6 sites contain prehistoric artifacts and features and many contain historic materials that represent the Mexican period (1834-1849), Overseas Chinese period (1850-1900), and recent historical events that have shaped the Elem people. Rattlesnake Island is recognized by the Elem Community of Southeastern Pomo as their place of origin as well as their political and religious center. At the time of the most recent archaeological and historical inspection (1978-81) the cultural sites on the island retained integrity with many original rock alignments and house depressions noted. Rock and brick foundations were found with associated historic cultural materials. The fact that the district is located on an island, coupled with its close proximity to the contemporary mainland location of the Elem Indian Colony have served Looking east at Rattlesnake Island, present Elem to protect the cultural resources it community is on mainland closest to the island.
    [Show full text]
  • A Microhistory of Massacre Memory in Clear Lake, California
    Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal Volume 9 Issue 2 Time, Movement, and Space: Genocide Article 8 Studies and Indigenous Peoples 10-2015 ‘Reclamation Road’: A Microhistory of Massacre Memory in Clear Lake, California Jeremiah J. Garsha University of Cambridge Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp Recommended Citation Garsha, Jeremiah J. (2015) "‘Reclamation Road’: A Microhistory of Massacre Memory in Clear Lake, California," Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal: Vol. 9: Iss. 2: 61-75. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.9.2.1292 Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp/vol9/iss2/8 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Access Journals at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ‘Reclamation Road’: A Microhistory of Massacre Memory in Clear Lake, California Acknowledgements The author is grateful to the two anonymous reviewers who strengthened this paper with their careful reading and accurate critiques, to Benjamin Madley who offered valuable feedback on an earlier draft of this paper, and to Jamie Lynnae for her nuanced edits and suggestions. This article is available in Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp/vol9/iss2/8 ‘Reclamation Road’: A Microhistory of Massacre Memory in Clear Lake, California Jeremiah J. Garsha University of Cambridge Cambridge, United Kingdom Abstract: This article is a microhistory of not only the massacre of the indigenous Pomo people in Clear Lake, California, but also the memorialization of this event.
    [Show full text]
  • Navarro River Total Maximum Daily Loads for Temperature and Sediment
    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region IX Navarro River Total Maximum Daily Loads for Temperature and Sediment Approved by: ____________________ ____________ Alexis Strauss Date Director, Water Division Table of Contents List of Tables ................................................................... iii List of Figures ................................................................... iii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ..................................................... 1 CHAPTER 2: PROBLEM STATEMENT ............................................... 3 2.1 Water Quality Standards ......................................... 3 2.2 Decline of Coho and Steelhead ..................................... 4 2.3 Salmonid Life Cycle and Habitat Requirements ......................... 4 2.3.1. Temperature Requirements ........................................ 6 2.3.2. Sediment Requirements .......................................... 6 2.4. Temperature Problems in the Navarro River and its Tributaries ............ 7 2.5. Sediment Problems in the Navarro River and its Tributaries ............... 9 CHAPTER 3: TEMPERATURE ..................................................... 11 3.1. Determining the Sources of Increased Stream Temperature in the Navarro and their Significance .............................................. 11 3.1.1. Results Show Shade has Significant Effects on Temperature .............. 12 3.1.2. Results Show the Effect of Water Diversions on Temperature is Limited to Certain Circumstances and thus Adverse Effects on Beneficial Uses are Uncertain12
    [Show full text]
  • Agricultural Water Use Accounting Provides Path for Surface
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Agricultural water use accounting provides path for surface water use solutions A survey of Northern California wine grape, apple and pear growers found that increased knowledge of crop water needs and use of improved irrigation practices are supporting efficient use of water. by Glenn McGourty, David Lewis, Josh Metz, John Harper, Rachel Elkins, Juliet Christian-Smith, Prahlada Papper, Larry Schwankl and Terry Prichard atisfying water demands for multiple uses in Cal- extreme uncertainty into water allocation decisions. ifornia is an increasingly acute and difficult issue. During drought, allocations for agricultural use have Online: https://doi.org/10.3733/ SHigh interannual climate variation character- been curtailed and environmental flows reduced to ca.2020a0003 ized by successive drought and flood years introduces perilous levels for endangered and threatened wildlife (NOAA 2005). The Russian River Basin exemplifies the challenges of managing water for agriculture and Abstract the environment and has become the focus of recent Agricultural water demands can conflict with habitat needs in many state regulations (2015-2016 Russian River Tributaries North Coast watersheds. Understanding different water use patterns can Emergency Regulation Information Order) to more help reduce conflict over limited supplies. We measured on-farm crop accurately account for water demands within tributary water use and conducted grower interviews to estimate the agricultural streams that support critical habitat for coho and steel- water demand in the upper Russian River and Navarro River watersheds. head trout. Annual agricultural water demand was less than 11% in the Russian River, Another significant policy enacted to address and 2% in Navarro River, of the total annual discharge in each watershed.
    [Show full text]
  • NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS
    NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS OCTOBER 2005 HISTORICAL OCCURRENCE OF COHO SALMON IN STREAMS OF THE CENTRAL CALIFORNIA COAST COHO SALMON EVOLUTIONARILY SIGNIFICANT UNIT Brian C. Spence Scott L. Harris Weldon E. Jones Matthew N. Goslin Aditya Agrawal Ethan Mora NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-383 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service Southwest Fisheries Science Center NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), organized in 1970, has evolved into an agency which establishes national policies and manages and conserves our oceanic, coastal, and atmospheric resources. An organizational element within NOAA, the Office of Fisheries is responsible for fisheries policy and the direction of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). In addition to its formal publications, the NMFS uses the NOAA Technical Memorandum series to issue informal scientific and technical publications when complete formal review and editorial processing are not appropriate or feasible. Documents within this series, however, reflect sound professional work and may be referenced in the formal scientific and technical literature. Disclaimer of endorsement: Reference to any specific commercial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government. The views and opinions of authors expressed in this document do not necessarily state or reflect those of NOAA or the United States Government, and shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS This TM series is used for documentation and timely communication of preliminary results, interim reports, or special purpose information.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Resources Report
    EXPANDED ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY FOR THE CAPTAIN FLETCHER'S INN PROJECT AT THE NAVARRO-BY-THE-SEA, NAVARRO RIVER REDWOODS STATE PARK, MENDOCINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA ANTHROPOLOGICAL STUDIES CENTER Sonoma State University Rohnert Park, California April 2008 Expanded Archaeological Study for the Captain Fletcher’s Inn Project at Navarro-by-the-Sea, Navarro River Redwoods State Park, Mendocino County, California Prepared for Jim Martin, Grant Coordinator Navarro-by-the-Sea-Center for Riparian and Estuarine Research P.O. Box 1710 Mendocino, California 95460 Prepared by Philip Kaijankoski, M.A., RPA Staff Geoarchaeologist Anthropological Studies Center Sonoma State University 1801 East Cotati Avenue, Building 29 Rohnert Park, California 94928 Phone: (707) 664-2381 fax: (707) 664-4155 www.sonoma.edu/projects/asc email: [email protected] 9 April 2008 Project # QA555-85/07 This project was completed under the supervision of Dr. Adrian Praetzellis (Member, Register of Professional Archaeologists), Director, Anthropological Studies Center. CONFIDENTIAL This report contains confidential cultural resources location information; report distribution should be restricted to those with a need to know. Cultural resources are nonrenewable, and their scientific, cultural and aesthetic values can be significantly impaired by disturbance. To deter vandalism, artifact hunting, and other activities that can damage cultural resources, the locations of cultural resources should be kept confidential. The legal authority to restrict cultural resources information is in California Government Code 625 INTRODUCTION An archaeological study of approximately 35 acres located around Captain Fletcher’s Inn and the Mill Manager’s House at Navarro Redwoods State Park, Mendocino County, California, was conducted by the Anthropological Studies Center (ASC) at the request of the Navarro‐by‐ the‐Sea Center for Riparian and Estuarine Research, with the approval of the California Department of Parks and Recreation, Mendocino District.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Composition and Condition of the Boreas Tract
    ECOLOGICAL COMPOSITION AND CONDITION OF THE BOREAS PONDS TRACT Wildlife Conservation Society Adirondack Program Technical Paper No. 7 Michale J. Glennon April 2016 ECOLOGICAL COMPOSITION AND CONDITION OF THE BOREAS PONDS TRACT By Michale J. Glennon April 2016 iii ©Wildlife Conservation Society Suggested Citation Technical Paper Glennon, M.J. 2016. Ecological composition and condition of the Boreas Ponds Tract. Wildlife Conservation Society, Adirondack Program Technical Paper #7 Photo credit: Carl Heilman Wildlife Conservation Society Adirondack Program 132 Bloomingdale Ave Saranac Lake, NY 12983 (518) 891-8872 www.wcsnorthamerica.org [email protected] iv Acknowledgements This project was made possible through support provided by the Adirondack Council. I would also gratefully like to acknowledge the funders and creators of the many datasets I have made use of in the creation of this report. Among them, I very much appreciate the efforts of the North Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative, the Eastern Regional Science office of The Nature Conservancy, and the Designing Sustainable Landscapes project at the University of Massachusetts. Finally, I am very grateful for the support and insight of the Wildlife Conservation Society’s Adirondack and North America Program staff and the extensive help from Adirondack Program director Zoë Smith in preparing this document. v Foreword New York State is poised to augment its Forest Preserve holdings with the transition of the Boreas Ponds tract to state ownership. The Boreas tract is a 20,578 acre parcel recently purchased in the town of North Hudson on the edge of the High Peaks wilderness. It is the last of a multi-year process of transition to New York State ownership of 69,000 acres of the former Finch Pruyn lands.
    [Show full text]
  • Wildland Interface Communities Within the Vicinity of Federal Lands That Are at High Risk from Wildfire; Notice
    Friday, August 17, 2001 Part III Department of Agriculture Forest Service Department of the Interior Bureau of Indian Affairs Bureau of Land Management Fish and Wildlife Service National Park Service Urban Wildland Interface Communities Within the Vicinity of Federal Lands That Are at High Risk From Wildfire; Notice VerDate 11<MAY>2000 17:38 Aug 16, 2001 Jkt 194001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4717 Sfmt 4717 E:\FR\FM\17AUN2.SGM pfrm07 PsN: 17AUN2 43384 Federal Register / Vol. 66, No. 160 / Friday, August 17, 2001 / Notices DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Tribes and was prepared for publication opportunities. Although this State-level by the Secretaries of Agriculture and the flexibility has resulted in some variance Forest Service Interior. The information in the updated among State submissions, the list set out at the end of this notice was Secretaries feel the application of a DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR compiled at the State and/or Tribal level standardized process has resulted in by collaborative interagency groups. As greater nationwide consistency for the Bureau of Indian Affairs a result of this collaborative effort, the revised lists. Secretaries have prepared a more The information contained in the list Bureau of Land Management complete list that better reflects the set out at the end of this notice will be relationship between Federal lands and used by interagency groups of land Fish and Wildlife Service the urban wildland interface problem in managers at the State and/or Tribal level the United States. This annotated list to collaboratively identify priority areas National Park Service supersedes the list published in the within their jurisdictions that would Federal Register on January 4, 2001 (66 benefit from hazard reduction activity.
    [Show full text]
  • Tahoe's Seven Summits
    Birds return to Lake Tahoe, page 4 Summer 2014 Drought offers TAHOE’S SEVEN SUMMITS good news, bad By Jeff Cowen news for Lake Tahoe In Depth By Jim Sloan The Lake may be this Region’s Tahoe In Depth most famous geographic feature, but it is Tahoe’s peaks that define our From the shoreline, a long-term landscapes and, at times, the course or severe drought seems to put of our lives. Daily, we glimpse them Lake Tahoe in dire straits. The water towering over our tedium, indelible recedes, streams dry up and the reminders of nature’s greatness and our shoreline beaches expand to expose own impermanence. Succumbing to a bathtub ring along the 72-mile their power, we climb them. shoreline. Some climbers are peak collectors, But from the water, things don’t “bagging” the major summits one by always look so bad. During a one. Others climb on a lark, impulsively drought, many of the pollutants joining friends and unprepared for the that affect Lake Tahoe’s clarity can’t Photo © Steve Dunleavy experience ahead. Regardless of our Pyramid Peak rises above the fog-choked Tahoe Basin. find their way to the Lake. Droughts paths, once we reach their summits, we slow down the rate of urban runoff, feel at once tiny and expansive, earth and rodents. Trees become shorter and neighborhoods. reducing erosion and the flow of fine and time stretching in all directions wider, until they disappear entirely. Our Climbers of even our most benign sediment and other water-clouding below us, the experience undeniably bodies change too.
    [Show full text]
  • The Wild Side of Clear Lake
    baynature.org—your portal to nature nearby APRIL–JUNE 2013 BayNaturAN EXPLORATION OF NATURE IN THE SAN FRANCISCO BAY e AREA The Wild Side of Clear Lake Tune in to Nature Sounds The Art and Science of Tracking Kids Help Study Climate Change Pedro Point Transformed $5.95 on the trail the on on the trail While you’re watching the grebes, keep an eye out for osprey and bald eagles. The eagles prey on grebes and other waterbirds, so watch for them perched in the trees in the grebe nesting areas, looking for an easy meal. Ospreys don’t prey on birds, but they’ve learned that where there are grebes, there are abundant fish. At the county park, look for the huge osprey nest, where you can often see a pair tending to their young. A family of river otters also lives nearby, and white pelicans are a common sight on the lake at the mouth of Adobe Creek. The Water Trails “Things have changed a lot up at Clear Lake. I’ve noticed things about kayaking, wildlife areas. None of that existed when I was there madesonphotography.com before.” Julie Donnelly-Nolan taking a dip in clear lake (above) Clear Lake at dawn, from Lakeside County Park in Lakeport. Mount Konocti is on the right, and the mountains looking birds is on the water from Long usgs geologist who mapped beyond mark Mendocino National Forest’s southern end. Tule Point to Adobe Creek, where several the area in the 1970s and 80s IN THE CLEAR (below) Mating grebes engage in the “weed dance,” where thousand of them nest in spring and early they present each other with nest-building materials.
    [Show full text]