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Strategies for Protecting and Restoring Puget Sound B IBI Basins Strategies for Protecting and Restoring Puget Sound B-IBI Basins November 2015 http://your.kingcounty.gov/dnrp/library/2015/kcr2693/kcr2693-rpt.pdf Alternate Formats Available Strategies for Protecting and Restoring Puget Sound B-IBI Basins Prepared for: The State of Washington Department of Ecology Interagency Agreement No. C1300210 Submitted by: Jo Opdyke Wilhelm (Project Manager) Kate Macneale Chris Gregersen Chris Knutson Debra Bouchard King County Water and Land Resources Division Department of Natural Resources and Parks Strategies for Protecting and Restoring Puget Sound B-IBI Basins Publication Information This project has been funded wholly or in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under Puget Sound Ecosystem Restoration and Protection Cooperative Agreement Grant PC-00J20101 with Washington Department of Ecology (Ecology). The funding comes by means of a grant administered by Ecology (Interagency Agreement No. C1300210). The final report will be available on request from King County and Ecology and will also be available for download on the Puget Sound Stream Benthos (PSSB) website1. The contents of this document do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the EPA or the Washington State Department of Ecology, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Acknowledgements We thank the EPA and Ecology for supporting this project via federal EPA pass through funds to King County from the Washington State Department of Ecology as part of the Puget Sound Action Agenda: Ecosystem Restoration and Protection. We thank Peter Leinenbach, US EPA Region 10 and Ken Rauscher, King County DNRP for their help generating GIS data for each sampling site including watershed delineation and land use/land cover calculations. We thank Colin Hume and Kelly Slattery of Ecology for helping us determine how to incorporate the Puget Sound Watershed Characterization and for their excellent work and patience running the models multiple times. We thank Todd Hurley, Michael Murphy, Rick Reinlasoder, Olivia Wright and Bill Loeber of King County for their help determining cost estimates. We thank Allan Johnson of the Washington State Department of Commerce for explaining the zoning consolidation project and sharing draft GIS data for our immediate use. We thank numerous reviewers for their feedback and suggestions for improvements on early versions of this final report including the following: Gretchen Hayslip and John Palmer of the EPA, John Stark of the Washington State University Extension, Allan Johnson of the Washington State Department of Commerce, Doug Howie, Ed O’Brien and Colin Hume of the Washington State Department of Ecology, Mindy Fohn of Kitsap County, Leska Fore of the Puget Sound Partnership, Dan Wrye of Pierce County, Steve Britsch of Snohomish County, and Dave White, Jim Simmonds, Olivia Wright, and Kate O’Laughlin of King County. We thank the wonderful Puget Sound area stakeholders who have contributed their ideas, time, and suggestions to this project. We thank Tom Ventur for his attention to detail during final editing and formatting of this document. 1 Reports, presentations, and relevant documents are available on the Restoration Priorities project page of the PSSB: http://pugetsoundstreambenthos.org/Projects/Restoration-Priorities-2014.aspx. King County Science and Technical Support Section i November 2015 Strategies for Protecting and Restoring Puget Sound B-IBI Basins Contact Information Jo Wilhelm King County Water and Land Resources Division 201 South Jackson Street, Suite 600 Seattle, WA 98104-3855 206-477-4849 [email protected] Citation King County. 2015. Strategies for Protecting and Restoring Puget Sound B-IBI Basins. Prepared by Jo Opdyke Wilhelm, Kate Macneale, Chris Gregersen, Chris Knutson, and Debra Bouchard. Water and Land Resources Division. Seattle, Washington. King County Science and Technical Support Section ii November 2015 Strategies for Protecting and Restoring Puget Sound B-IBI Basins Table of Contents Executive Summary............................................................................................................................................ vii 1.0 Background ............................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Significance of B-IBI Targets .......................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Current B-IBI Target Status ........................................................................................................... 5 2.0 Data and Regional Resources ............................................................................................................. 6 2.1 Macroinvertebrate Data Sources ................................................................................................. 6 2.2 Landscape Analysis ........................................................................................................................... 6 2.2.1 Land Cover and Ownership ...................................................................................................... 7 2.2.2 Zoning and Urban Growth Areas ........................................................................................... 8 2.2.3 Protected Lands ..........................................................................................................................10 2.2.4 Puget Sound Watershed Characterization .......................................................................11 2.2.5 Water Quality ...............................................................................................................................11 2.3 Regional Priorities ...........................................................................................................................12 2.3.1 Fish Intrinsic Potential .............................................................................................................12 2.3.2 Stormwater ...................................................................................................................................13 2.4 Regional Outreach ...........................................................................................................................14 2.4.1 Small Group Meetings with Regional Experts .................................................................14 2.4.2 Stakeholder Workshop ............................................................................................................14 3.0 Protection Basins ..................................................................................................................................15 3.1 “Excellent” Site Selection ..............................................................................................................15 3.2 Current Conditions in “Excellent” Basins ...............................................................................18 3.3 Future Conditions in “Excellent” Basins .................................................................................19 3.4 Protection Strategies ......................................................................................................................20 3.5 Protection Categories .....................................................................................................................21 3.5.1 Forest ..............................................................................................................................................22 3.5.2 Higher-Than-Expected B-IBI .................................................................................................27 3.5.3 Development ................................................................................................................................29 3.5.4 Combination Zoning ..................................................................................................................31 3.5.5 Unique – Consider Individually ............................................................................................33 King County Science and Technical Support Section iii November 2015 Strategies for Protecting and Restoring Puget Sound B-IBI Basins 3.6 Protection Summary .......................................................................................................................35 4.0 Restoration Basins ...............................................................................................................................38 4.1 “Fair” Site Selection and Filtering ..............................................................................................38 4.2 Historic and Current Stressors ...................................................................................................40 4.3 Future Risk .........................................................................................................................................42 4.4 Recommended Restoration Actions .........................................................................................43 4.4.1 In-Stream Actions ......................................................................................................................46 4.4.2 Riparian Actions .........................................................................................................................47
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