2021 Hydropower Status Report Sector Trends and Insights
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2021 Hydropower Status Report Sector trends and insights | 1 Contents REGISTER FOR THE VIRTUAL Foreword 4 Executive summary 5 Hydropower installed capacity in 2020 7 Hydropower growth in context 8 Where was capacity added in 2020? 9 Regional developments 10 Sector developments 12 Feature: A defining year for pumped storage 12 Clean energy systems 14 Finance and modernisation 16 Water and climate change 18 Sustainability assessments 19 The planet’s premier hydropower event Feature: The new global sustainability standard 20 is now online and open to all Regions in focus 22 Registration has opened for the 2021 World North and Central America 22 Hydropower Congress, the globe’s premier 7-24 SEPTEMBER 2021 South America 26 gathering of influencers and innovators REGISTER NOW FOR FREE dedicated to advancing sustainable Europe 30 HYDROPOWER.ORG/CONGRESS hydropower. Africa 34 For the first time ever, access to the World South and Central Asia 38 Hydropower Congress is free of charge and East Asia and Pacific 42 open to all. Virtual events will be broadcast Data tables: capacity and generation 2020 46 online across multiple timezones, with video on-demand services available for all registrants. Hosted by With support from Hosting partner Organised by Over 150 speakers will address more than 30 virtual events over three weeks between 7-24 September 2021. Strategic partners Supporting partners Event sponsor 2 | International Hydropower Association | Hydropower Status Report 2021 | |1 1 We are the voice of sustainable hydropower Secure hydropower’s place in the energy transition by joining the International Hydropower Association today The International Hydropower Association When delivered responsibly, hydropower offers (IHA) represents organisations and individuals clean, affordable and reliable electricity, while committed to sustainable hydropower. meeting our basic needs for water, irrigation, Since IHA was founded in 1995, the hydropower flood and drought control. sector has more than doubled in size from 625 As the world’s largest producer of renewable GW to over 1,300 GW. IHA’s members operate energy, hydropower ensures global around a third of current capacity at 450 GW. decarbonisation goals remain within reach, Our mission is to advance sustainable while complementing variable renewables hydropower by building and sharing knowledge through its flexibility and storage. on its role in renewable energy systems, responsible freshwater management and climate change solutions. © 2021 International Hydropower Association Limited. The “International Hydropower Association” name and logo are the property of International Hydropower Association Limited, a not-for-profit company limited by guarantee, + + incorporated in England (No. 08656160), the operator of the International 100 120 450 Hydropower Association. Find out more: organisations countries gigawatts All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted without the prior permission of the publisher. Contact: IHA’s network of members where our members operate installed capacity of our members [email protected] hydropower.org/join 2 | International Hydropower Association | Hydropower Status Report 2021 | 3 Foreword Executive summary The message of this 2021 Hydropower Status Report is clear together with China and other significant carbon emitters, is Now in its eighth edition, the 2021 Hydropower Status cost, baseload electricity in many markets, hydropower will – at the present rate of hydropower development, the global on the road to setting ambitious targets to reach net zero. Report is published as the world continues to grapple with increasingly be valued for its flexibility and provide essential energy pathway to net zero emissions will not be realised. This the Covid-19 pandemic. Signs of recovery are emerging but support to the huge growth in wind and solar that is needed Sustainable hydropower must be part of this journey. It is is a wake-up call for policy-makers, hydropower developers considerable disruption is expected to continue throughout to limit global warming. green, clean, modern, affordable and reliable. The forthcoming and project financiers and provides clarity for the public. 2021. Hydropower Sustainability Standard, the new certification and Indeed, as recognised by the IEA, hydropower will become the Investment in sustainably developed and responsibly operated rating system, will give hydropower developers and operators Beyond Covid, the challenge of climate change remains the dominant source of flexible electricity by 2050, so it is essential hydropower is essential to support the massive expansion a means to demonstrate this. In addition, the newly formed dominant issue for the energy sector. The International Energy that investment steps up to ensure low carbon energy security of variable renewables like wind and solar. However annual International Forum on Pumped Storage Hydropower will soon Agency (IEA)’s flagship Net Zero by 2050 report, published over the coming decades. growth rates of 1.5 to 2 per cent cannot meet the doubling set out policies to guide how clean, green water batteries with in May 2021, suggests the world will need 2,600 GW of Events over the past year have demonstrated that electricity of installed capacity proposed by the International Energy long duration storage can back up variable renewables. hydropower capacity by mid-century to have a chance of systems need flexibility now. In Europe, in January 2021 a Agency to achieve net zero by 2050. keeping global temperature rises below 1.5 degrees Celsius. As we prepare for the landmark 2021 World Hydropower blackout event was avoided through the support of highly That means that we need to build the same amount of Despite the challenge ahead, there is reason for optimism. Congress, to be followed by the historic United Nations flexible sources of generation like hydropower, conversely in capacity in the next 30 years as in the previous 100. Companies, investors and citizens increasingly recognise Climate Conference (COP26), we must harness the energy Texas in February supply failed in extreme weather and there the need for fundamental change. We are witnessing a generated to put sustainable hydropower where it should be: It is now becoming increasingly clear that the role of was not enough flexible generation available to compensate. momentum and a unity of voice not seen before. In recent at the heart of the transition. renewable hydropower will undergo a qualitative shift over months, the US has rejoined the Paris Agreement and, the coming decades. While it will continue to provide low Roger Gill Eddie Rich 4,370 TWh 1,330 GW 21GW 159.5 GW 1.5 GW IHA President IHA CEO Electricity generated from Hydropower installed Capacity added in 2020, Pumped storage installed Pumped storage capacity hydropower in 2020 capacity reached in 2020 including pumped storage capacity reached in 2020 added in 2020 up on up on +1 .1% +1.6% 15.6 GW +0.9% 0.3 GW on 2019 on 2019 added in 2019 on 2019 added in 2019 4 | International Hydropower Association | Hydropower Status Report 2021 | 5 Hydropower installed capacity in 2020 New hydropower capacity by region in 2020 (MW) China 370.2 Brazil 109.3 United States 102.0 Canada 82.0 India 50.5 Japan 49.9 14,466 Russia 49.9 3,032 1,609 938 531 476 Norway 33.0 North and East Asia and Pacic Europe South and Central Asia Africa Central America South America Turkey 31.0 This report shows the hydropower sector generated a record Pumped storage hydropower totalled 1.5 GW of the new France 25.5 4,370 terawatt hours (TWh) of clean electricity in 2020 - up additions in capacity, up on the 304 MW added in 2019. Most 1,330 GW from the previous record of 4,306 TWh in 2019. To put this into of this was in China (1.2 GW), with Israel also commissioning total hydropower context, this is approximately the same as the entire annual the 300 MW Mount Gilboa project under an innovative installed capacity Italy 22.6 in 2020 electricity consumption of the United States. financing model. Spain 20.4 Overall hydropower installed capacity reached 1,330 gigawatts Major projects completed in 2020 included the 2.1 GW Lauca Vietnam 17.1 (GW) in 2020. This represents year-on-year growth of 1.6 per facility in Angola, the 1.8 GW Jixi pumped storage facility Switzerland 16.9 cent - higher than 2019 but still well down on the more than 2 in China and the Ilisu (1.2 GW) and Lower Kaleköy (0.5 GW) per cent needed to enable hydropower’s essential contribution projects in Turkey. The single biggest increase in capacity was Sweden 16.5 to tackling climate change. in China, where the Wudongde project put eight of its 12 units Venezuela 15.4 online, adding 6.8 GW to the Chinese grid. The remainder is During 2020, hydropower projects totalling 21 GW in capacity Austria 14.6 expected to be commissioned in 2021. were put into operation, up on 2019’s 15.6 GW. Nearly two- Mexico 12.6 thirds of this growth came from China, which saw 13.8 GW of China remains the world leader in respect of total hydropower Iran 12.2 new capacity. Among other countries that added new capacity installed capacity with over 370 GW. Brazil (109 GW), the USA Rest of world 266.6 Colombia 11.9 in 2020, only Turkey (2.5 GW) added more than 1 GW. (102 GW), Canada (82 GW) and India (50 GW) make up the rest of the top five. Japan and Russia are just behind India, followed by Norway (33 GW) and Turkey (31 GW). Hydropower installed capacity (GW) of top 20 hydropower producers and the rest of the world, including pumped storage (2020) Methodology Hydropower capacity by region in 2020 (GW) The data presented in this report were continuously tracked When generation data from primary sources are not available, and updated to account for new information in our global estimates are prepared based on the previous year’s figure, hydropower database which tracks more than 13,000 stations averaged capacity factors and regional meteorological events East Asia Europe North and South South and Africa in over 150 countries.