CIBW062 Symposium 2014 Study on the method of connecting to the gravity drainage system of Bedside Flush Toilet K. MATSUSHITA (1), T. KUROKAWA (2), Y. OKUNO (3), M. OTSUKA (4) 1. [email protected] 2. [email protected] 3. [email protected] 4. [email protected] (1), (2) Universal Design Research Center, Research Institute, TOTO Ltd., Japan (3) Division of Faucets and Appliances Development, TOTO Ltd., Japan (4) Department of Architecture and Environmental Design, College of Architecture and Environmental Design, Kanto Gakuin University, Japan Abstract We screened the adequate connection ways of Bedside Flush Toilet (BFT) and the gravity drainage system after field research of introduction sites. The efficacy, safety and easy installation of BFT were evaluated by absentee interview. The characteristics of drainage and the impact of BFT upon the drainage system of BFT were measured in laboratory evaluation reproduced according to real housing. Elderly and those who require nursing care could use BFT owing to its user friendly operation. Some connection ways had sanitary hazard of seal destruction or overflow from water closet, but we found a number of connection ways that can avoid such problems. BFT could be used without troubles such as unusual odor, abnormal noise, water leakage and clogging of drain system in real housings and buildings. Keywords Nursing care, commode chair, flush toilet, bedside toilet, ADL 1 Introduction TOTO had developed BFT after field trial for several years to reduce burden of excretion help in single dwelling houses and facilities for the elderly. Figure 1 shows outline of BFT and Table 1 shows its specifications. It was floor-standing toilet combined a tankless, one-piece toilet with intelligent seat, armrest, and crush-pumping unit on base plate. It had both of 2m of flexible water supply and drainage tube in 1 CIBW062 Symposium 2014 hose cover for easy layout change of BFT after installation. Human waste and toilet paper are crushed to be passed screen of 10 in crush-pumping unit and pumped into drain hose after the flush-button is pushed. The gravity drainage for conventional toilets must be connected to 75A or 100A of drain pipe with gradient of 1/pipe diameter. BFT is applied pumping drainage, so we can connect 20A drain without gradients within 8m. Table 1 shows the specifications of BFT. BFT can be arranged its position or direction according to the change of body situation of those who require nursing care. The smaller diameter drain pipe of 20A can make easy installation for remodeling of facilities and houses. This type of toilet is categorized as Pumping Toilet System by Center for Better Living of a nonprofit foundation (BL). BL has developed technical standards of Pumping Toilet Systems in 2013. (1) Appearance (2) Composition Figure 1 - Outline of Bedside Flush Toilet (BFT) 2 CIBW062 Symposium 2014 Table 1 Specifications of BFT Category in BL Pumping Toilet Power source AC100V 50/60Hz Rated wattage 579W(50 Hz)/(60Hz) Dimension 610(W) ×1002(D)×746(H) Volume of Flushing Water 5.5 L/4.0L Weight 82 kg Peaknoise in operation 65 dB(A) Deodorant device Oxidation Catalyst Diameter of drainage tube 20A Pumpability 8m of VP20 within 8 elbows METI promoted the Project of the Development and Introduction of Robotic Devices for Nursing Care in FY2013–FY2017 to reduce expenses for nursing care; (1) Transfer aid device, (2) Mobility support device, (3) Excretion support device, (4) Monitoring devices for people with senile dementia, (5) Lifting aids, Mobility aids, (6) Toilet support, (7) Monitoring system for people with senile dementia and Bathing support. 2 Field research We carried out field research of monitor sites. In addition, this experimental design had received ethical review of the Japanese Society for Wellbeing Science and Assistive Technology for the purpose of protection of the ethical of persons concerned. 2.1 Installed Condition Table 2 shows the information of installed condition of representative monitors. 2.2 Recording of Excretion Behavior The BFT in WT house was installed a data logger to record the clock time of seating, leaving and flushing. We could calculate sitting time on BFT and distinguish between his/her feces and urines by check type of the pressed flushing button. 2.3 Assay of Smell The odor intensity of room with BFT in Shiigaoka Rakuraku-an was estimated after hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan and ammonia of room atmosphere were analyzed by gas chromatograph. 2.4 Thoughts after using the BFT We had interviews with monitors to confirm their thought about BFT. 3 CIBW062 Symposium 2014 Table 2 Installation Sites of BFT (1) Facilities for the elderly Name Shiiga oka Rakuraku-an Satsuki-sou Category Multiple service station Facility for elderly -people Location Kitakyushu-City Setagaya -City Construction Method Wooden construction Reinforced concrete Building Appearance In stallation Objectives Empowerment of excretion Reducing the care burden Installed Condition Drainage of VP50 in space of 600 mm Descending 3.5m of VP20 and Outside Room under the double flooring 8.0m of VP40 at ground level (2) Single Dwelling houses Name WT House FJ House Installed Condition Tatami Mat Location Chigasaki-City Kitakyushu -City Family Structure One of elderly female Two of aged couple Examinee Female, 80’s F emale, 60 ’s Certification Care level 2 Care level 3 In stallation Objectives Avoidance of conflict Reducing the care burden Drainage of Descending 0.3m of VP20 and Descending 0.6m of VP20 and Outside Room 12.5m of VP20 under ground 2.5m of VP20 under ground 4 CIBW062 Symposium 2014 3 Experimental system 3.1 Actual p iping reproduction experiment We reproduced the actual drain system of NS House in Sapporo -City. There were five members in NS family; the grandmother used BFT installed at a converted closet in her bed room. Figure 2 shows the drain system of NG House. P lumbing fixtures are gravity toilet, bathtub with washing floor, pan for washing machine , wash basin and BFT. Table 3 shows the outline of traps of each fixture. Figure 3 shows the experimental drain system reproduced according to that of NG House. The drain pipe of clear PVC pipe of 20A for BFT connected to private inverted manhole through vertical U -turn pipe. Two size of inverted manholes were used; 300A of NT House and 150A of current generation shown in Figure 4. We confirmed in advance that the seal water of BFT was secured within acceptable range owing to the effect of the pressure relief mechanism . entrance stairs steps existing gravity toilet 1500 550 500 600 additional BFT for old age 50A bath room 40A 20A bed room 50A 75A 75A 250 1100 800 250250 100A 100A 20A public manhole 450A private inverted manhole 300A 1380 800 Figure 2 - The drain system of NG House Table 3 Outline of traps Fixture Wash basin Washing floor Bathtub Gravity toilet Appearance Material brass PVC PVC china Depth of trap 100mm 50mm 50mm 50mm 5 CIBW062 Symposium 2014 vertical U-turn drain pipe, PVC pipe 20A Bedside Flush Toilet(BFT) gravity toilet PVC pipe 50A PVC pipe 100A (1) Front view of the experimental drain system S-trap of wash bowl pan for PVC pipe 50A bathtubinverted flexible tube of 2m of BFT A B D C PVC pipe 75A PVC pipe 20A unit ：［ mm］ (2) Plan view of the experimental drain system Figure 3 - The experimental drain system reproduced of NG House (1) 150A Type (2) 300A Type Figure 4 - Dimensions of inverted manholes 6 CIBW062 Symposium 2014 3.2 Measurement item s and methods The m aximum/minimum pressure in drainage system was determined after the pressure fluctuation was measured by pressure sensors. The lost sealing water was measured by pulse-height analyzer . The height of water in drain pipe was measured by water level sensor . We judged acceptance and rejection of the pressure and trap depth using the standard of SHASE- S 218 -2008 “Testing Methods of Flow Capacity for Drainage System in Apartment Houses” ; the pressure within ±400Pa and the lost water seal to half depth of traps. 3.3 Condition of drainage loads Table 4 shows the condition of drainage loads. We permitted drainage of single fixture and more than one fixture simultaneously. Gravity toilet was flushed with/without experimental waste substitutes . Table 5 shows the experimental waste substitutes. The drain of fixtures otherwise bathtub was started after the drain of bathtub reached the private inverted manhole to be confluen t in the system. Table 4 Condition of drainage loads R un number Gravity toilet BFT Bathtub 1 ○ Single- 2 ○ load 3 ○ 4 ○ ○ Multi- 5 ○ ○ load 6 ○ ○ 7 ○ ○ ○ Table 5 Experimental waste substitutes Name of test Type of waste substitute Description ･Lay- flat toilet paper 6m (2 ply) -4 3 Lay-flat ･Volume 2.4 ×10 [m ] D’ 2 ply ･Mass 0.21 [kg] ･Real density 875 [kg/m 3] 4 Results and considerations 4.1 Results of field work 7 CIBW062 Symposium 2014 4.1.1 Excretion behavior example of elderly Figure 5 shows an excretion behavior example of WT house identified by the memory of BFT. Her number of daily excretion was about three times larger than that of female students of Japan Women’s University according to 2012 report even though she was out for several hours a day. Meanwhile, her sitting period on toilet seemed to be longer than the average Japanese person. We found that sitting periods on BFT were sometimes over half hour or one hour in extreme case at other site. Also, the clock times in the excretions time had roughly punctuality in plural cases. Feb. 25, 2014 Feb.