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Heritage Impact Assessment St Hilda’s College Phase 2 Development Heritage Impact Assessment April 2021 PHASE 2 DEVELOPMENT ST HILDA’S COLLEGE OXFORD HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT JANUARY 2021 worlledge www.worlledgeassociates.com associates HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT CONTENTS Worlledge Associates Introduction Brief History of St Hilda’s Evolution of St Hilda’s site Heritage Assets Heritage Significance Statement of Significance Setting of St Hilda’s National and Local Heritage Policies, Guidelines and Advice Proposal Assessment of Impact Assessment of Level of Harm Conclusion Appendix 1: NHLE entries Appendix 2: OCC Policies Contact Information Raymond Osborne [email protected] Ruth Mullett [email protected] Patrick Horrocks [email protected] Nicholas Worlledge [email protected] 2 HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT WORLLEDGE ASSOCIATES Worlledge Associates is an Oxford-based heritage consultancy, committed to the effective management of the historic environment. Established in 2014 by Nicholas and Alison Worlledge, Nicholas came to private practice with over 35 years’ experience working in heritage management for local authorities. This intimate knowledge and understanding of council processes, and planning policy and practice, helps us to work collaboratively with owners and decision- makers to manage change to the historic environment. Our team of dedicated researchers and specialists believe in the capacity of the historic environment to contribute to society’s collective economic, social, and cultural well-being. We aim to identify what is significant about places and spaces in order to support their effective management and sustain their heritage value. We have worked with a wide range of property-owners and developers including universities and colleges, museums and libraries, large country estates, manor house, farmsteads, cottages, town houses and new housing sites 3 HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT INTRODUCTION The intelligent management of change is a key principle necessary to entered in the National Heritage List for England. To the west across sustain the historic environment for present and future generations the river lies Christ Church Meadows and to the north the Oxford to enjoy. Historic England and successive government agencies Botanic Gardens, both of which are entered in the National Heritage have published policy and advice that extend our understanding of List for England as Parks and Gardens at grade I. Accordingly, any the historic environment and develop our competency in making proposed development at St Hilda’s within the vicinity of theses grade decisions about how to manage it. I Parks and Gardens, and its potential impacts, needs to be carefully considered. Paragraphs 4-10 of Historic England’s Good Practice Advice Note 2 (Managing Significance in Decision-Taking in the Historic This Heritage Impact Assessment Report has been prepared to Environment) explains that applications (for planning permission and accompany a planning application for the Phase 2 development of the listed building consent) have a greater likelihood of success and St Hilda’s College site, Oxford. This comprises two new residential better decisions will be made when applicants and local planning blocks, one over 3 floors for 30 student bedrooms with support authorities assess and understand the particular nature of the facilities located on the ground floor; the second over 4 floors with 42 significance of an asset, the extent of the asset’s fabric to which the rooms, and a replacement Principal’s Lodgings which is to include significance relates and the level of importance of that significance. hospitality spaces. To facilitate the development the existing 1954/55 Principal’s Lodgings is proposed to be demolished. Further details The National Planning Policy Framework provides a very similar are provided in the Design and Access Statement (Design Engine). message in paragraphs 189 and 190 expecting both applicant and local planning authority to take responsibility for understanding the The report includes a summary of the evolution of the St Hilda’s significance of a heritage asset and the impact of a development College site, a note of the heritage assets on the site and adjoining, proposal, seeking to avoid unacceptable conflict between the asset’s and a brief a description of the site and its setting. Based on the conservation and any aspect of the proposal. historical development of the site and the surviving buildings and setting, a Statement of Significance is provided for St Hilda’s College It has never been the intention of government to prevent change or freeze frame local communities and current policy and good practice A summary of the relevant National and Local Heritage Policies are suggests that change, if managed intelligently would not be harmful. provided before briefly describing the proposed development and then assessment its impact, or otherwise on the heritage significance St Hilda’s College, founded in 1893 lies within a garden setting on of St Hilda’s College, its setting and the adjoining Christ Church the south side of the River Cherwell, it contains a number of building Meadows and Oxford Botanic Garden. 4 HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT BRIEF HISTORY OF ST HILDA’S Dorothea Beale (1831-1906) Principal of Cheltenham Ladies College, founded the College in 1893, following her purchase in November 1892 of Cowley House, Cowley Road, a private residence for £5,000 and named it St Hilda’s. When it opened in 1893 it had seven students. 1896 it was accepted as a recognised hall for women by the Association for Promoting Higher Education for Women. 1897 it became and Incorporated Company, with its own governing board. 1901 it amalgamated with St Hilda’s, Cheltenham. 1910 University formally acknowledged the existence of female students in Oxford. 1911 St Hilda’s was the first women’s only Oxbridge College to field a rowing eight. 1920 female students were finally permitted to become members of the University, and for the first time to be undergraduates eligible for an Oxford degree 1926 St Hilda’s was incorporated by Royal Charter to become St Hilda’s College Oxford. 1955 connection with Cheltenham Ladies College ceased when it became self-governing. 1959 it became a full college of the University. Between 1994 and 2008 it was only women’s college in Oxford. In 2007 the charter changes to admit men, which began in 2008. Between 1893 and 204 it had ten women Principals. In 2014 Sir Gordon Duff became the first male Principal. (source: St Hilda’s College A Concise History 2018 https://www.st-hildas.ox.ac.uk/ content/st-hildas-college-concise-history) 5 HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT EVOLUTION OF ST HILDA’S SITE From a series of maps of Oxford, it is possible to trace the evolution of the site. Please note that early maps are orientated with south to the top and so have been rotated to follow modern conventions. 1775 Humphrey Sibthorpe, Professor of Botany at Oxford acquired a small farm on the west side of the River Cherwell and builds Cowley House and laid out formal gardens. 1784 Humphrey retires and house and grounds goes to his son John Sibthorpe. 1783-4 Richard Davis map of Oxford shows the house, grounds and buildings at Cowley House. Hollar’s Map 1643 based on Ralph Agas map no development noted on the site Loggan’s Map of 1674 shows development on the east side of the River Cherwell on what becomes the site of St Hilda’s and the Botanic Garden to the north-west and Christ Church Meadows to the west and south-west Isaac Taylor’s Map 1750 plots the expansion of the extra mural suburb showing a number Richard Davis map of Oxford 1793-4 showing Cowley House of new buildings, gardens and orchards, being developed southwards alongside the River Cherwell 6 HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT 1846 Tithe Award map and schedule for Parish of Cowley • Portion 5 – Owned by the Executors of William Tuckwell occupied by Professor Sir Benjamin Brodie described as two-houses area 3 roods 18 perches. • Portion 4 - Owned by the Executors of William Tuckwell occupied 1850 by John Hedges and Elizabeth Roberts described as three houses Robert Hoggar’s map shows the house (portion 5) and gardens in and buildings. detail. Extract from Tithe Award Map Extract from Robert Hoggar’s map 1850 Interestingly both the 1846 and 1850 maps show a bridge from the garden of Cowley House across the river. Note also the cottages and building sitting hard up against the banks of the river. 1862 Cowley House was bought by Professor Benjamin Brodie, noted as living in the property in 1842, who extended it with a north wing, outer hall and porch, designed by Benjamin Woodward, of Deane and Woodward. 1876 Ordnance Survey Map 1876 1:500 shows Cowley House and grounds in considerable detail and the ‘three house and building’ to the south. The line of the former bridge is noticeable with protrusions in the river banks and remnant of a structure in between. 7 HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT Extract from 1:500 scale map of Oxford (sheet XXXIX 3.4) showing Cowley House and gar- 25-inch OS map 1898 showing Cowley House (red), Cowley Grange (yellow) and Milham Ford dens and adjoining houses. Note Milham Ford cottages. (green) 1877 1904 Cowley Grange was built for A. G. Vernon Harcourt, Lee’s Reader Church Education Corporation bought the Milham Ford School. in Chemistry, as a private house, extending development of Cowley Place further south. Designed by architect William Wilkinson. 1906 Mill Ford. The cottages, used as a school since 1898, were rebuilt 1892 by the Church Education Corporation. The last riverside cottage was In November 1892 Dorothea Beale bought Cowley House, but not the retained and adapted stables to establish St Hilda’s Hall. It opened in October 1893. 1907 1897-8 A north wing was added to Cowley Grange containing a common South wing was added to the Hall by London architect P.
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