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VOLUME 12 NO. 2 DECEMBER 2015 ISSN 1675-7009 SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH JOURNAL Institute of Research Managements Innovation (IRMI) Synthesis and Characterization of Pd(ll) and Ni(ll) Complexes of Schiff Bases and Catalytic Activity of Pd(ll) Complexes Amalina Mohd Tajuddin, Hadariah Bahron & Shahrul Nizam Ahmad Conductivity Studies of Schiff Base Ligands Derived From O-Phenylenediamine and Their Co(ll) and Zn(ll) Complexes Muhamad Faridz Osman & Karimah Kassim Ionic Conductivity Studies on Magnesium-Based Cellulose Acetate Polymer Gel Electrolytes Aniza Omar, Siti Zafirah Zainal Abidin, Ainnur Sherene Kamisan, Siti Irma Yuana Saaid, Ab Malik Marwan bin Ali & Muhd Zu Azhan bin Yahya Vibrational Analysis of Li1+xAlxTi2-x(P04)3 (0.0 < x < 0.5) Glass Ceramic Electrolytes Prepared by Acetic Acid-Assisted Sol-Gel Method Maziidah Hamidi, S. N. Mohamed, Raja Ibrahim Putera Raja Mustapha, Oskar Hasdinor Hassan & Muhd Zu Azhan bin Yahya The Microstructure Investigation of Thionine-Graphene Nanocomposite Using SEM Muhammad Aidil Ibrahim, Nur Atikah Md Jani, Tunku Ishak Tunku Kudin, Raihana Mohd Yusof, Ab Malik Marwan Ali & Oskar Hasdinor Hassan Kinetics Study of Membrane Anaerobic System (MAS) in Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Treatment Abdurrahman H. N., Asdarina Y., Amirah N. F. S., Natrah S. A. R., Norasmah M. M. & Zulkafli H. W Characterization of Agarwood Incense using Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) coupled with Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) and Gas Chromatography - Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) .^J Nurlaila Ismail, Mastura Ibrahim, Seema Zareen, Mohd Hezri Fazalul Rahiman, s|§5|Saiful Nizam Tajuddin & Mohd Nasir Taib Ionic Conductivity of MG30-PEMA Blend Solid Polymer Electrolyte Siti Fadzilah Ayub, Khuzaimah Nazir, Ahmad Fairuz Aziz, Siti Irma Yuana Saaid, Muhd Zu Azhan bin Yahya & Ab Malik Marwan Ali SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH JOURNAL Chief Editor Mohd Nazip Suratman Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia International Editor David Shallcross, University of Melbourne, Australia Ichsan Setya Putra, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia K. Ito, Chiba University, Japan Luciano Boglione, University of Massachusetts Lowell, USA Vasudeo Zambare, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, USA Editorial Board Halila Jasmani, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Hamidah Mohd. Saman, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Kartini Kamaruddin, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Tan Huey Ling, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Mohd Zamin Jumaat, University of Malaya, Malaysia Norashikin Saim, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Noriham Abdullah, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Saadiah Yahya, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Norizzah Abdul Rashid, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Zahrah Ahmad, University of Malaya, Malaysia Zulkiflee Abdul Latif, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Zulhabri Ismail, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Ahmad Zafir Romli, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia David Valiyappan Natarajan, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Fazlena Hamzah, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Nor Ashikin Mohamed Noor Khan, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Sabarinah Sheikh Ahmad, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Ismail Musirin, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Norhati Ibrahim, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Kalavathy Ramasamy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Ahmad Taufek Abdul Rahman, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Journal Administrator Fatimatun Nur Zainal Ulum Aqilah Ainaa Naraji Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia © UiTM Press, UiTM 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, copied, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means; electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise; without prior permission in writing from the Director of UiTM Press, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. E-mail: [email protected]. The views, opinions and technical recommendations expressed by the contributors and authors are entirely their own and do not necessarily reflect the views of the editors, the publisher and the university. SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH JOURNAL Institute of Research Management & Innovation (IRMI) Vol. 12 No. 2 December 2015 ISSN 1675-7009 1. Synthesis and Characterization of Pd(II) and Ni(II) Complexes 1 of Schiff Bases and Catalytic Activity of Pd(II) Complexes Amalina Mohd Tajuddin Hadariah Bahron Shahrul Nizam Ahmad 2. Conductivity Studies of Schiff Base Ligands Derived 13 From O-Phenylenediamine and their Co(II) and Zn(II) Complexes Muhamad Faridz Osman Karimah Kassim 3. Ionic Conductivity Studies on Magnesium-Based 25 Cellulose Acetate Polymer Gel Electrolytes Aniza Omar Siti Zafirah Zainal Abidin Ainnur Sherene Kamisan Siti Irma Yuana Saaid Ab Malik Marwan Ali MuhdZuAzhan Yahya 4. Vibrational Analysis of Lil+xAlxTi2-x(P04)3 (0.0 < x < 0.5) 35 Glass Ceramic Electrolytes Prepared by Acetic Acid-Assisted Sol-Gel Method Maziidah Hamidi S. N. Mohamed Raja Ibrahim Putera Raja Mustapha Oskar Hasdinor Hassan MuhdZuAzhan Yahya 5. The Microstructure Investigation of Thionine-Graphene 45 Nanocomposite Using SEM Muhammad Aidil Ibrahim NurAtikah MdJani Tunku Ishak Tunku Kudin Raihana Mohd Yusof Ab Malik Marwan Ali Oskar Hasdinor Hassan 6. Kinetics Study of Membrane Anaerobic System (MAS) 53 in Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Treatment Abdurrahman Hamid Nour Asdarina Yahya Amirah N. F S. Siti Natrah Abdul Rahman Norasmah Mohammed Manshor Zulkafli Hassan 7. Characterization of Agarwood Incense Using Gas 67 Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Coupled with Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) and Gas Chromatography - Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) Nurlaila Ismail Mastura Ibrahim Seema Zareen MohdHezri Fazalul Rahiman Saiful Nizam Tajuddin Mohd Nasir Taib 8. Ionic Conductivity of MG30-PEMA Blend Solid Polymer 83 Electrolyte Siti Fadzilah Ayub Khuzaimah Nazir Ahmad Fairuz Aziz Siti Irma Yuana Saaid MuhdZuAzhan Yahya Ab Malik Marwan Ali ii The Microstructure Investigation of Thionine-Graphene Nanocomposite Using SEM Muhammad Aidil Ibrahim1'45*, Nur Atikah Md JaniM, Tunku Ishak Tunku Kudin1,4 , Raihana Mohd Yusof3, Ab Malik Marwan AliM and Oskar Hasdinor Hassan26* 1 Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah A lam, Selangor, Malaysia 2Faculty of Art and Design, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia 3 Centre of Foundation Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Bandar Puncak Alam, 42300 Kuala Selangor, Selangor, Malaysia 4Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia E-mail:5*aidilibrahim1991 @gmail. com, 6*oskar@salam. uitm. edu. my ABSTRACT Materials that can enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of a biosensor are greatly in demand. The nanocomposition of thionine (Th) and graphene can increase the electroconductivity of the working electrode used. Graphene is a very good electrical conductor but is also hydrophobic in nature. Composition with thionine gives it the capability to disperse well in water. Plus, thionine provides the opportunity for DNA probes to be immobilized due to the presence of the amino group in its structure. In this research, the thionine-graphene (Th-G) nanocomposite was synthesized through filtration and characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to distinguish different elements coexist in the nanocomposite and to investigate the microstructure changes of the nanocomposite to confirm the composition. Different elements were analyzed to test the presence of both thionine and graphene in the composition. Physical characterisation through SEM proved the nanocomposition was a success. Keywords: Biosensor; Thionine; Graphene; Nanocomposite SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH JOURNAL INTRODUCTION The study of electrochemical biosensors emerges because of its sensitivity in detecting biological binding activities [1], [2]. The application of nanotechnology in biosensors can increases the detection sensitivity and enables rapid chemical and biological analysis because of its useful attributes such as micron size, sensitive nanosensors, nanoprobes and easy to engage in nanosystems [3]. Nanomaterials like graphene has stimulated intense research interest among researchers. This is because the two-dimensional sheet of sp2 conjugated atomic carbon graphene is planar aromatic molecule. It has large specific surface area allowing more hybridisation of probes that can give higher sensitivity to the device. Other than that, it can also withstand high temperature, a very good electrical conductor [4] [5], great mechanical strength [2], and can be manufactured at a low cost [6]. Graphene is a very good material to be used for the preparation of electrochemical related biosensors due to its excellent conductivity and electrocatalytic activity [7] [8] [9]. Thionine, a tricyclic heteroaromatic molecule has been studied and found to have a good interaction in intercalating with DNA. It is easy to immobilise DNA onto the thionine as it has a large number of hydrophilic amino groups. Thus, the composition of graphene with thionine makes DNA- based biosensing possible. Thionine has been proven to work well with graphene as these two planar molecules produces n-n stacking force making them more stable [10]. Mixing the thionine with graphene makes it easier for graphene to disperse in water. Thionine has hydrophilic components that will cater for the hydrophobicity of graphene through n-n force stacking. After application, graphene does not aggregate but disperse well in water makes it easier