Prescribed by the National Curriculum & Textbook Board as a Textbook for class IX & X from the academic year 1997 Home Economics For Class IX & X Written by : Hosen Ara Amin Nayma Akhter Translated by Kazi Rozana Akhter Zohara Ummey Hassan National Curriculum and Textbook Board, Dhaka Published by The National Curriculum and Textbook Board, Dhaka 69-70, Motijheel Commercial Area, Dhaka [ All rights reserved by the Publishers ] First Print : 1997 Revised Print : 2007 Revised Print : 2009 Revised Print : 2011 Cover Ahmed Ullah Computer Compose Perform Color Graphics (Pvt.) Ltd Illustration Mafruha Begum Pranash Mondol Design NCTB, Dhaka For free distribution from academic year 2010 by the Government of Bangladesh Printed by : Preface Education is the key to development. A progressively improved education system largely determines the pace and the quality of national development. To reflect the hopes and aspirations of the people and the socio-economic and cultural reality in the context of the post independent Bangladesh, new textbooks were introduced in the beginning of the 1980s following the recommendations of the National Curriculum and Textbook Committee. In 1994, in accordance with the need for change and development, the textbooks of lower secondary, secondary and higher secondary were revised and modified. The textbooks from classes -VI to IX were written in 1995. In 2000, almost all the textbooks were rationally evaluated and necessary revision were made. In 2008 the Ministry of Education formed a Task Force for Education. According to the advice and guidance of the Task Force, the cover, spelling and information in the textbooks were updated and corrected. To make the assessment more meaningful and in accordance with the need of the curriculum, Creative Questions and Multiple Choice Questions are given at the end of each chapter. It is hoped that this will reduce the dependency of students on rote memorisation. The students will be able to apply the knowledge they have gained to judge, analyse and evaluate real life situation. Home management, child management, family relationship, foot and nutrition, textiles and clothing are closely linked to our everyday life. All these topices have been included in the Home Economics textbook so that learners can grow up as confident and good citizens. The learners can gain knowledge on how to build a prosparous and good home, bring up children properly, socialise and become aware about proper food and nutrition. It is important to create skilled and creative manpower as well as to teach learners applied knowledge. So that they develop a respect for labour. All these issues have been addressed in this textbook. This book of Home Economics for class IX & X is the English Version of the original textbook entitled 'Garahasthya Arthanity' written in Bangla. We know that curriculum development is a continuous process on which textbooks are written. Any logical and formative suggestions for improvement will be considered with care. On the event of the golden jubilee of the independence of Bangladesh in 2021, we want to be a part of the ceaseless effort to build a prosperous Bangladesh. In spite of sincere efforts in translation, editing and printing inadvertent errors and omissions may be found in the book. However our efforts to make it more refined and impeccable will continue. I thank those who have assisted us with their intellect and efforts in the writing, editing and rational evaluation of this book. We hope that the book will be useful for the students for whom it is written. Professor Md. Mostafa Kamaluddin Chairman National Curriculum and Textbook Board, Dhaka. Table of Contents Chapter Subject Pages Part I . Home Management Chapter I Home and Home Management 1-7 Chapter II Duties and Responsibilities of a Home Manager 8-15 Chapter III Family Resources 16-19 Chapter IV Resource Management 20-31 Chapter V Appropriate Technology for Post- harvesting Processing and Storing of Crops 32-43 Part II . Child Development and Family Relationship Chapter I Child Care in the Family 46-66 Chapter II Common Behavioural Problems of the Child and the Remedies 67-76 Chapter III Adolescents of the Family 77-86 Chapter IV Establishing the Relationship of the Adolescents with the Different Members of the Society 87-94 Part 1II. Food and Nutrition Chapter I Food, Food Nutrients and Nutrition 95-123 Chapter II Calories 124-133 Chapter III Food Requirements and Menu Planning 134-143 Chapter IV Patient's Diet 144-147 Chapter V Preparation and Serving of food 148-165 Part IV. Clothing and Textiles Chapter I Weaving and Fibre 168-179 Chapter II Importance of colour, Line, Design and Texture in the selection of Dress 180-190 Chapter III Personal Hygiene and Tidiness in Clothing 191-198 Chapter IV Washing Clothes 199-206 Part V Practical 207-242 Part - I Home Management Chapter-I Home and Home Management Since the very beginning of civilization, it has been found that each and every human being has been engaged in making a home of his own. As a social being, a man creates his family. Home is the dwelling place of the family. Except shelter, all the basic requirements of life are being fulfilled through the home. Every human being feels the need of creating home due to some personal and social reasons. By dint of honest and sincere efforts and consideration of the head of the family, the members of the family enjoy peace at home. At the day time most of the family members are engaged in different types of activities outside their home and after a tedious day's work they come back home for getting rest and peace. An ideal home gives shelter, meets different needs and demands of the family, provides security, ensures privacy and honour of the family members. A home helps to fulfil all the desires and aspirations of human life . It supports to develop all external and inner qualities of a human being. To make a positive homely environment, adequate money, time and energy, etc. are highly required. These are the most desirable family resources. These resources are needed to be properly utilized, otherwise it will not be possible to fulfil the demands of the family. So, we can say that by utilizing the family resources properly, a desired homely atmosphere can be attained. In this regard, a proper home management is highly required. It makes a home attractive, peaceful and pleasant. In fine, we can say that the ability to manage a home properly, helps a home manager to take care of the home with all the resources that the home possesses. Home management is the administrative part of the family. Its success depends fully on energy, capability and experience of the home manager. We can define the term home management in various ways. The well-known home economist Nichel stated, ''Home management is the administrative aspect of a family. To attain the desired family goals, home management helps in planning, assessing integrating and evaluating human and material resources and ensure their best use for the betterment of the family members.'' To use the family resources properly, a proper planning is essential. During planning, the expected demands are needed to be anticipated. That is which one is mostly 2 Home Economics desirable, which one is highly expected to keep hold the honour and desire of the family, are needed to be well specified and at the same time the availability of adequate resources to meet all the demands are required to be well calculated. In this regard, a proper decision making is highly desired. In fine, we can say that home management is an intellectual process and this can be attained through proper planning, organizing, controlling and assessing the family resources for their best use and thereby fulfilling the expectations of the family. Home Management Planning Organizing Controlling Evaluating Family Resources Human Resources Material Resources Skills Attitude Knowledge Energy Time Money Property Community Facilities By using properly Attain family goals Fig: Home Management Home and Home Management 3 The Qualities of a Home Manager To make the home management effective, each of the members of the family has his/her specific roles. The home manager is the person who bears the main responsibility of home management. She is the key person of the family and the peace and success of the whole family fully depends on her. To bear this huge responsibility, she has to possess some basic qualities after making remarkable efforts with honesty and sincerity. The qualities are- 1. Intelligence 2. Enthusiasm 3. Understanding of human nature 4. Creativity 5. Judgment 6. Perseverance 7. Adaptability 8. Self-control 9. Personality The qualities are analyzed below : - Intelligence A house wife or a home manager must be intelligent. The power of observing, thinking, remembering and thirst for knowledge can make an individual great Intelligence is an immeasurable quality. By dint of it an individual becomes able to simplify any situation, control the situation and can make a proper judgment. That is the ability of understanding, analyzing, referring and making judgment on various issues are related to intelligence. To tackle any day to day situation, the quality like intelligence is highly required. If any one fails to show appropriate intelligence in appropriate time, crisis may occur. So, the desired family goals might not be achieved. For example, to make the home more beautiful and attractive, the quality like intelligence is highly desirable. To take decisions on various aspects like how and where to place any object and how this is to be used, the quality like intelligence is very much needed. To keep peace and discipline in home, that is deciding when some actions are needed to be undertaken and how these will be done etc.