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Conservation and Diversification of Small RNA Pathways Within Flatworms Santiago Fontenla1, Gabriel Rinaldi2, Pablo Smircich1,3 and Jose F
Fontenla et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2017) 17:215 DOI 10.1186/s12862-017-1061-5 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Conservation and diversification of small RNA pathways within flatworms Santiago Fontenla1, Gabriel Rinaldi2, Pablo Smircich1,3 and Jose F. Tort1* Abstract Background: Small non-coding RNAs, including miRNAs, and gene silencing mediated by RNA interference have been described in free-living and parasitic lineages of flatworms, but only few key factors of the small RNA pathways have been exhaustively investigated in a limited number of species. The availability of flatworm draft genomes and predicted proteomes allowed us to perform an extended survey of the genes involved in small non-coding RNA pathways in this phylum. Results: Overall, findings show that the small non-coding RNA pathways are conserved in all the analyzed flatworm linages; however notable peculiarities were identified. While Piwi genes are amplified in free-living worms they are completely absent in all parasitic species. Remarkably all flatworms share a specific Argonaute family (FL-Ago) that has been independently amplified in different lineages. Other key factors such as Dicer are also duplicated, with Dicer-2 showing structural differences between trematodes, cestodes and free-living flatworms. Similarly, a very divergent GW182 Argonaute interacting protein was identified in all flatworm linages. Contrasting to this, genes involved in the amplification of the RNAi interfering signal were detected only in the ancestral free living species Macrostomum lignano. We here described all the putative small RNA pathways present in both free living and parasitic flatworm lineages. Conclusion: These findings highlight innovations specifically evolved in platyhelminths presumably associated with novel mechanisms of gene expression regulation mediated by small RNA pathways that differ to what has been classically described in model organisms. -
Nematodirus Spathiger of Small Ruminants Guang-Hui Zhao1*†, Yan-Qing Jia1†, Wen-Yu Cheng1, Wen Zhao1, Qing-Qing Bian1 and Guo-Hua Liu2*
Zhao et al. Parasites & Vectors 2014, 7:319 http://www.parasitesandvectors.com/content/7/1/319 RESEARCH Open Access Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genomes of Nematodirus oiratianus and Nematodirus spathiger of small ruminants Guang-Hui Zhao1*†, Yan-Qing Jia1†, Wen-Yu Cheng1, Wen Zhao1, Qing-Qing Bian1 and Guo-Hua Liu2* Abstract Background: Nematodirus spp. are among the most common nematodes of ruminants worldwide. N. oiratianus and N. spathiger are distributed worldwide as highly prevalent gastrointestinal nematodes, which cause emerging health problems and economic losses. Accurate identification of Nematodirus species is essential to develop effective control strategies for Nematodirus infection in ruminants. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) could provide powerful genetic markers for identifying these closely related species and resolving phylogenetic relationships at different taxonomic levels. Methods: In the present study, the complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes of N. oiratianus and N. spathiger from small ruminants in China were obtained using Long-range PCR and sequencing. Results: The complete mt genomes of N. oiratianus and N. spathiger were 13,765 bp and 13,519 bp in length, respectively. Both mt genomes were circular and consisted of 36 genes, including 12 genes encoding proteins, 2 genes encoding rRNA, and 22 genes encoding tRNA. Phylogenetic analyses based on the concatenated amino acid sequence data of all 12 protein-coding genes by Bayesian inference (BI), Maximum likelihood (ML) and Maximum parsimony (MP) showed that the two Nematodirus species (Molineidae) were closely related to Dictyocaulidae. Conclusions: The availability of the complete mtDNA sequences of N. oiratianus and N. spathiger not only provides new mtDNA sources for a better understanding of nematode mt genomics and phylogeny, but also provides novel and useful genetic markers for studying diagnosis, population genetics and molecular epidemiology of Nematodirus spp. -
Cestode Parasites (Neodermata, Platyhelminthes) from Malaysian Birds, with Description of Five New Species
European Journal of Taxonomy 616: 1–35 ISSN 2118-9773 https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2020.616 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2020 · Mariaux J. & Georgiev B.B. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0). Research article urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:144F0449-7736-44A0-8D75-FA5B95A04E23 Cestode parasites (Neodermata, Platyhelminthes) from Malaysian birds, with description of five new species Jean MARIAUX 1,* & Boyko B. GEORGIEV 2 1 Natural History Museum of Geneva, CP 6434, 1211 Geneva 6, Switzerland. 2 Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Street, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. * Corresponding author: [email protected] 2 Email: [email protected] 1 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:B97E611D-EC33-4858-A81C-3E656D0DA1E2 2 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:88352C92-555A-444D-93F4-97F9A3AC2AEF Abstract. We studied the cestode fauna (Platyhelminthes) of forest birds in Malaysia (Selangor) collected during a field trip in 2010. Ninety birds of 37 species were examined and global prevalence of cestodes was 15.3%. Five new taxa are described: Emberizotaenia aeschlii sp. nov. (Dilepididae) from Tricholestes criniger (Blyth, 1845) (Pycnonotidae); Anonchotaenia kornyushini sp. nov. (Paruterinidae) from Trichastoma malaccense (Hartlaub, 1844) (Pellorneidae); Biuterina jensenae sp. nov. (Paruterinidae) from Chloropsis cochinchinensis (Gmelin, 1789) (Irenidae); Raillietina hymenolepidoides sp. nov. (Davaineidae) and R. mahnerti sp. nov. (Davaineidae) from Chalcophaps indica (Linnaeus, 1758) (Columbidae). Ophryocotyloides dasi Tandan & Singh, 1964 is reported from Psilopogon henricii (Temminck, 1831) (Ramphastidae). Several other taxa in Dilepididae, Davaineidae, Paruterinidae, Hymenolepididae and Mesocestoididae, either potentially new or poorly known, are also reported. The richness described from this small collection hints at the potentially huge unknown parasite diversity from wild hosts in this part of the world. -
Dictyocaulus Viviparus Genome, Variome and Transcriptome
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Dictyocaulus viviparus genome, variome and transcriptome elucidate lungworm biology and Received: 10 July 2015 Accepted: 26 October 2015 support future intervention Published: 09 February 2016 Samantha N. McNulty1, Christina Strübe2, Bruce A. Rosa1, John C. Martin1, Rahul Tyagi1, Young-Jun Choi1, Qi Wang1, Kymberlie Hallsworth Pepin1, Xu Zhang1, Philip Ozersky1, Richard K. Wilson1, Paul W. Sternberg3, Robin B. Gasser4 & Makedonka Mitreva1,5 The bovine lungworm, Dictyocaulus viviparus (order Strongylida), is an important parasite of livestock that causes substantial economic and production losses worldwide. Here we report the draft genome, variome, and developmental transcriptome of D. viviparus. The genome (161 Mb) is smaller than those of related bursate nematodes and encodes fewer proteins (14,171 total). In the first genome-wide assessment of genomic variation in any parasitic nematode, we found a high degree of sequence variability in proteins predicted to be involved host-parasite interactions. Next, we used extensive RNA sequence data to track gene transcription across the life cycle of D. viviparus, and identified genes that might be important in nematode development and parasitism. Finally, we predicted genes that could be vital in host-parasite interactions, genes that could serve as drug targets, and putative RNAi effectors with a view to developing functional genomic tools. This extensive, well-curated dataset should provide a basis for developing new anthelmintics, vaccines, and improved diagnostic tests and serve as a platform for future investigations of drug resistance and epidemiology of the bovine lungworm and related nematodes. Parasitic roundworms (nematodes) of domestic animals are responsible for substantial economic losses as a consequence of poor production performance, morbidity, and mortality1. -
Testing the Hypothesis of Recent Population Expansions in Nematode Parasites of Human-Associated Hosts
Heredity (2005) 94, 426–434 & 2005 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0018-067X/05 $30.00 www.nature.com/hdy Testing the hypothesis of recent population expansions in nematode parasites of human-associated hosts DA Morrison and J Ho¨glund Department of Parasitology (SWEPAR), National Veterinary Institute and Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 751 89 Uppsala, Sweden It has been predicted that parasites of human-associated prediction. However, it is likely that the situation is more organisms (eg humans, domestic pets, farm animals, complicated than the simple hypothesis test suggests, and agricultural and silvicultural plants) are more likely to show those species that do not fit the predicted general pattern rapid recent population expansions than are parasites of provide interesting insights into other evolutionary processes other hosts. Here, we directly test the generality of this that influence the historical population genetics of host– demographic prediction for species of parasitic nematodes parasite relationships. These processes include the effects of that currently have mitochondrial sequence data available in postglacial migrations, evolutionary relationships and possi- the literature or the public-access genetic databases. Of the bly life-history characteristics. Furthermore, the analysis 23 host/parasite combinations analysed, there are seven highlights the limitations of this form of bioinformatic data- human-associated parasite species with expanding popula- mining, in comparison to controlled experimental -
Phylogeny of Dictyocaulus (Lungworms) from Eight Species of Ruminants Based on Analyses of Ribosomal RNA Data
179 Phylogeny of Dictyocaulus (lungworms) from eight species of ruminants based on analyses of ribosomal RNA data J. HO¨ GLUND1*,D.A.MORRISON1, B. P. DIVINA1,2, E. WILHELMSSON1 and J. G. MATTSSON1 1 Department of Parasitology (SWEPAR), National Veterinary Institute and Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences, 751 89 Uppsala, Sweden 2 College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Ban˜os, College, Laguna, 4031 Philippines (Received 8 November 2002; revised 8 February 2003; accepted 8 February 2003) SUMMARY In this study, we conducted phylogenetic analyses of nematode parasites within the genus Dictyocaulus (superfamily Trichostrongyloidea). Lungworms from cattle (Bos taurus), domestic sheep (Ovis aries), European fallow deer (Dama dama), moose (Alces alces), musk ox (Ovibos moschatus), red deer (Cervus elaphus), reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) were obtained and their small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU) and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequences analysed. In the hosts examined we identified D. capreolus, D. eckerti, D. filaria and D. viviparus. However, in fallow deer we detected a taxon with unique SSU and ITS2 sequences. The phylogenetic position of this taxon based on the SSU sequences shows that it is a separate evolutionary lineage from the other recognized species of Dictyocaulus. Furthermore, the analysis of the ITS2 sequence data indicates that it is as genetically distinct as are the named species of Dictyocaulus. Therefore, either this taxon needs to be recognized as a new species, or D. capreolus, D. eckerti and D. viviparus need to be combined into a single species. Traditionally, the genus Dictyocaulus has been placed as a separate family within the superfamily Trichostrongyloidea. -
Massive Infection of a Song Thrush by Mesocestoides Sp. (Cestoda
Heneberg et al. Parasites Vectors (2019) 12:230 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-019-3480-1 Parasites & Vectors RESEARCH Open Access Massive infection of a song thrush by Mesocestoides sp. (Cestoda) tetrathyridia that genetically match acephalic metacestodes causing lethal peritoneal larval cestodiasis in domesticated mammals Petr Heneberg1* , Boyko B. Georgiev2, Jiljí Sitko3 and Ivan Literák4 Abstract Background: Peritoneal larval cestodiasis induced by Mesocestoides Vaillant, 1863 (Cyclophyllidea: Mesocestoididae) is a common cause of severe infections in domestic dogs and cats, reported also from other mammals and less fre- quently from birds. However, there is a limited knowledge on the taxonomy of causative agents of this disease. Results: In the present study, we investigated a massive, likely lethal, infection of a song thrush Turdus philomelos (Passeriformes: Turdidae) by Mesocestoides sp. tetrathyridia. We performed combined morphological and phylogenetic analysis of the tetrathyridia and compared them with the materials obtained previously from other birds and mam- mals. The metrical data ftted within the wide range reported by previous authors but confrmed the limited value of morphological data for species identifcation of tetrathyridia of Mesocestoides spp. The molecular analyses suggested that the isolates represented an unidentifed Mesocestoides sp. that was previously repeatedly isolated and sequenced in larval and adult forms from domestic dogs and cats in Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. In contrast to the present study, which found encysted tetrathyridia, four of the fve previous studies that identifed the same species described infections by acephalic metacestodes only. Conclusions: The tetrathyridia of the examined Mesocestoides sp. are described in the present study for the frst time. -
Molecular and Morphological Circumscription of Mesocestoides Tapeworms from Red Foxes (Vulpes Vulpes) in Central Europe
638 Molecular and morphological circumscription of Mesocestoides tapeworms from red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in central Europe GABRIELA HRČKOVA1*, MARTINA MITERPÁKOVÁ1, ANNE O’CONNOR2†, VILIAM ŠNÁBEL1 and PETER D. OLSON2 1 Parasitological Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic 2 Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK (Received 21 October 2010; revised 30 November and 14 December 2010; accepted 14 December 2010; first published online 24 February 2011) SUMMARY Here we examine 3157 foxes from 6 districts of the Slovak Republic in order to determine for the first time the distribution, prevalence and identity of Mesocestoides spp. endemic to this part of central Europe. During the period 2001–2006, an average of 41·9% of foxes were found to harbour Mesocestoides infections. Among the samples we confirmed the widespread and common occurrence of M. litteratus (Batsch, 1786), and report the presence, for the first time, of M. lineatus (Goeze, 1782) in the Slovak Republic, where it has a more restricted geographical range and low prevalence (7%). Using a combination of 12S rDNA, CO1 and ND1 mitochondrial gene sequences together with analysis of 13 morphometric characters, we show that the two species are genetically distinct and can be differentiated by discrete breaks in the ranges of the male and female reproductive characters, but not by the more commonly examined characters of the scolex and strobila. Estimates of interspecific divergence within Mesocestoides ranged from 9 to 18%, whereas intraspecific variation was less than 2%, and phylogenetic analyses of the data showed that despite overlapping geographical ranges, the two commonly reported European species are not closely related, with M. -
Systematics of the Eucestoda: Advances Toward a New Phylogenetic Paradigm and Observations on the Early Diversification of Apewormst and Vertebrates
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by UNL | Libraries University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of 8-1-1999 Systematics of the Eucestoda: Advances Toward a New Phylogenetic Paradigm and Observations on the Early Diversification of apewormsT and Vertebrates Eric P. Hoberg United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, [email protected] Scott Lyell Gardner University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] Ronald A. Campbell University of Massachusetts - Dartmouth, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs Part of the Biodiversity Commons, Evolution Commons, and the Parasitology Commons Hoberg, Eric P.; Gardner, Scott Lyell; and Campbell, Ronald A., "Systematics of the Eucestoda: Advances Toward a New Phylogenetic Paradigm and Observations on the Early Diversification of apewormsT and Vertebrates" (1999). Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology. 56. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs/56 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Systematic Parasitology (1999) 42: 1–12. Copyright 1999, Kluwer Academic Publishers. Used by permission. Systematics of the Eucestoda: Advances Toward a New Phylogenetic Paradigm, and Observations on the Early Diversification of Tapeworms and Vertebrates* Eric P. Hoberg1, Scott L. -
Universidad Nacional Mayor De San Marcos Prevalencia De La
Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Universidad del Perú. Decana de América Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Escuela Profesional de Medicina Veterinaria Prevalencia de la nematodiasis intestinal en cabras criollas en cuatro distritos de Ica TESIS Para optar el Título Profesional de Médico Veterinario AUTOR María Elizabeth CÁCERES VÁSQUEZ ASESOR Mg. Amanda Cristina CHÁVEZ VELÁSQUEZ DE GARCÍA Lima, Perú 2018 Reconocimiento - No Comercial - Compartir Igual - Sin restricciones adicionales https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Usted puede distribuir, remezclar, retocar, y crear a partir del documento original de modo no comercial, siempre y cuando se dé crédito al autor del documento y se licencien las nuevas creaciones bajo las mismas condiciones. No se permite aplicar términos legales o medidas tecnológicas que restrinjan legalmente a otros a hacer cualquier cosa que permita esta licencia. Referencia bibliográfica Cáceres M. Prevalencia de la nematodiasis intestinal en cabras criollas en cuatro distritos de Ica [Tesis]. Lima: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Escuela Profesional de Medicina Veterinaria; 2018. Hoja de metadatos complementarios Código ORCID del autor — DNI o pasaporte del autor 41852294 Código ORCID del asesor 0000-0001-8747-0491 DNI o pasaporte del asesor 07801682 Grupo de investigación — Agencia financiadora --- En 4 provincias de Ica: Chincha Baja, El Carmen, Independencia y Humay Coordenadas geográficas: -Chincha baja: Latitud 13.4590207,longitud 76.1616928 -El -
Contribuição Para a Avaliação Do Parasitismo Por Nematodes Gastrointestinais Em Ruminantes No Alentejo Central
UNIVERSIDADE DE ÉVORA MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA CONTRIBUIÇÃO PARA A AVALIAÇÃO DO PARASITISMO POR NEMATODES GASTROINTESTINAIS EM RUMINANTES NO ALENTEJO CENTRAL Dissertação de Natureza Científica elaborada por LINO FERNANDO OLIVEIRA TÁBUAS ORIENTADOR Professor Doutor Helder Carola Espiguinha Cortes CO-ORIENTADOR Dr. José Miguel Pinheiro Coutinho Leal da Costa ÉVORA 2013 UNIVERSIDADE DE ÉVORA MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA CONTRIBUIÇÃO PARA A AVALIAÇÃO DO PARASITISMO POR NEMATODES GASTROINTESTINAIS EM RUMINANTES NO ALENTEJO CENTRAL LINO FERNANDO OLIVEIRA TÁBUAS Dissertação de Natureza Científica ORIENTADOR Professor Doutor Helder Carola Espiguinha Cortes CO-ORIENTADOR Dr. José Miguel Pinheiro Coutinho Leal da Costa ÉVORA 2013 CONTRIBUIÇÃO PARA A AVALIAÇÃO DO PARASITISMO POR NEMATODES GASTROINTESTINAIS EM RUMINANTES NO ALENTEJO CENTRAL Ao meu Irmão, que na adversidade revelou a probidade do seu carácter, bondade, generosidade e modéstia ii CONTRIBUIÇÃO PARA A AVALIAÇÃO DO PARASITISMO POR NEMATODES GASTROINTESTINAIS EM RUMINANTES NO ALENTEJO CENTRAL AGRADECIMENTOS Ao Dr. José Miguel Leal da Costa, nosso co-orientador, pela disponibilidade em fazê- lo, pela partilha de conhecimento e técnicas, pela amizade que nos dedica e honra, pela nobreza de carácter e modéstia de acções, pelo exemplo deontológico e humano; Ao Doutor Helder Cortes, nosso orientador, pela condução deste trabalho, orientação científica, disponibilidade, tolerância, docência e cujo insistente incentivo e amizade em muito contribuíram para a sua conclusão; Ao corpo clínico de animais de produção do Hospital Veterinário Muralha de Évora, Drs. Pedro Dunões, Nuno Prates, Alexandra Alves, Marta Murta, Sónia Germano e Elsa Celestino pela simpatia, afecto e confiança com que nos acolheram; Aos Técnicos de Saúde Animal, Nuno Silveira, Sónia Viegas, Luís Bandeira, Pedro Bolas e Rute Mourão pela partilha e amizade que nos dedicaram; À Dra. -
Cestoda: Mesocestoididae) from Domestic Dogs (Canis Familiaris) and Coyotes (Canis Latrans
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of 2000 MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS OF MESOCESTOIDES SPP. (CESTODA: MESOCESTOIDIDAE) FROM DOMESTIC DOGS (CANIS FAMILIARIS) AND COYOTES (CANIS LATRANS) Paul R. Crosbie University of California - Davis Steven A. Nadler University of California - Davis, [email protected] Edward G. Platzer University of California - Riverside Cynthia Kerner Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle J. Mariaux Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs Part of the Parasitology Commons Crosbie, Paul R.; Nadler, Steven A.; Platzer, Edward G.; Kerner, Cynthia; Mariaux, J.; and Boyce, Walter M., "MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS OF MESOCESTOIDES SPP. (CESTODA: MESOCESTOIDIDAE) FROM DOMESTIC DOGS (CANIS FAMILIARIS) AND COYOTES (CANIS LATRANS)" (2000). Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology. 707. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs/707 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Authors Paul R. Crosbie, Steven A. Nadler, Edward G. Platzer, Cynthia Kerner, J. Mariaux, and Walter M. Boyce This article is available at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/ parasitologyfacpubs/707 Crosbie, Nadler, Platzer, Kerner, Mariaux & Boyce in Journal of Parasitology (2000) 86(2). Copyright 2000, American Society of Parasitologists. Used by permission. J.