The American Legion [Volume 113, No. 6 (December 1982)]

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December 1 982 Volume 1 1 3, Number 6 For God and Country

4 Commander's Message \ 4 Christmas At Valley Forge By Lester David A Noose For The West First-hand accounts tell the story of a grim Christmas that forced £ Letters men to reach for a power they never realized was within them, and of the man gave the inspiration Our readers comment who them to do so.

^0 Big Issues Should The Department of Enersy \ £ Brazil: The Next Frontier Be Abolished? By Inger Krogh & James N. Sites

Similar in potential to the United States 1 00 years ago, Brazil ^2 Dateline Washington presents a kaleidoscopic picture of a nation emerging as a Issues and opinions from the potent force in the Western Hemisphere. capital

News to Use 24 9 Maul Looks At Our Seasonal Helpful hints for consumers \ Follies 26 The Message Center A light look at the season to be jolly. Of importance to veterans

28 News for 20 Son Tay—Success Or Failure? Legionnaires By Maj. John C. Sawyer, USA Your orsanization at work In 27 minutes, one of the boldest, most meticulously planned surprise attacks in the history of modern warfare was over— but 39 Books had it succeeded? Interestins new titles 48 Parting Shots 22 The Supreme Court Of Money To leave you laughing By Alan D. Haas

Created out of chaos and veiled in secrecy, the Federal Reserve

charts the monetary course of our $3 trillion economy.

About our authors . . collaboration with Pearl Buck on a chil- covered Brazil with a press group. Their dren's book and with Alistair Cooke on article, "Brazil: The Next Frontier," Lester David, author of "Christmas At the "America" TV series. stems from that trip. Valley Forge," is a World War II veteran and the author of 12 books and more Cartoonist Bill Maul enjoys taking a Army Major John C. Sawyer wrote than 1,000 magazine articles. humorous look at the Christmas season "Son Tay—Success Or Failure?" after from the warm comfort of his home in studying the subject at the Armed "The Supreme Court Of Money" was Florida. Forces Staff College. He is a Vietnam written by Alan D.\ Haas, a New York veteran currently on active duty. free lance, who has written for dozens of Husband-wife reporting team James publications and includes in his credits N. Sites and Inger Krogh recently Cover by David Taylor. 2 0 — 5

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Commander's Message THE AMERICAN LEGION A Noose For The West

time, threaten to make such nations as National Commander West Germany, France, Italy and Aus- Al Keller, Jr. tria dependent upon the Soviets to supply the bulk of their energy requirements. In the process, these The American Legion Magazine Editorial & Advertising Offices nations will be dumping at least $10 bil- 700 North Pennsylvania St. lion of badly needed hard currency into PO. Box 1055 Indianapolis, IN 46206 the Communist coffers each year. 317-635-8411 Therefore, the pipeline—a modern day Trojan Horse—can be viewed as a Publisher potentially lethal weapon directed at Dean B Nelson our NATO allies specifically and at the Assistant Publisher/Editor rest of the Free World in general. That Daniel S. Wheeler influx of hard Western currency would Managing Editor Gerard T. enable the Soviets to greatly increase Atchison Assistant Editor their high technology imports and to Grail S. Hanford expand their already massive military Associate Editor complex. Kathleen Whitehead ' But there's more to the plot than Art Editor James merely this; it has subtle implications A. Chaney Production and possibilities as well. "Cash" is the Manager Bill Kroeker only language spoken on the world's open market. The Soviets, victims of their own ineptitude, which has given Advertising Sales Robert Redden Assoc., Inc. birth to a stagnating economy—and, not PO. Box 999, Teaneck, NJ 07666 A l Keller, Jr. incidentally, to an increasingly expen- 201-837-5511 sive and expanding military machine- The American have found their rubles to be virtually Legion Magazine Commission Milford A. Forrester, Chairman, Greenville, SC; James worthless in the world marketplace. V. Kissner, Vice Chairman, Palatine, IL; James R. Nikolai Lenin's personalized version Solid Western currency, on the other Kelley, National Commander's Representative, Devon, PA; Norman Biebel, Belleville, IL; Adolph of an old proverb provides a chilling syn- hand, stable backed by governments F. Bremer, Winona, MN; Victor Broom, Fulton, MS; opsis of what the Free World faces and solvent economies, is the world's John J. Dunn, Sr., Scranton, PA; Martin T. Jansen, should the Soviet natural gas pipeline premium medium of exchange. The Little Chute, WI; Eugene J. Kelley, Savannah, GA; Frank J. Holcshuh, Youngstown, OH; Russell H. Laird, be built to Western Europe: "Capital- Soviets must acquire such cash if they Des Moines, IA; Arthur M. McDowell, Indianapolis, ists," he said, "would sell me the rope are to purchase the sophisticated tech- IN; Nathaniel J. McKee, Princeton, NJ; J. Fred Mitchell, Brewton, AL; J. H. Morris, Baton Rouge, LA; with which to hang themselves." nology which they so desperately need, Bruce E. Penny, Seattle, WA; Floyd J. Rogers, Topeka, If that pipeline, the construction of but which is available only outside the KS; George G. Sinopoli, Fresno, CA; Ralph L. Smith, Bartlesville, OK; Dewey C. Spencer, Mabelvale. AR; which is dependent on Western technol- Soviet bloc. The pipeline will supply Benjamin B. Truskoski, Bristol, CT; George J. Zanos, ogy and materials, is completed and that cash. In the process, it will also Sr., Wellsburg, WV; Bernard Weddell. Consultant, begins supplying energy to Western render unto the Soviets a means of San Jose, CA; Casimir F. Sojka. Consultant, New Rochelle, NY Europe, capitalists will have succeeded blackmail previously impossible. in doing Lenin one better: they will not only have sold the Communists that The American Legion Magazine is published monthly proverbial rope, but will have also gra- by The American Legion, 700 North Pennsylvania ciously slipped their necks into the Street, Indianapolis, IN 46206, Price: yearly sub- It scription, $9.00; single copy, $1.00 noose. will give the Soviets Indeed, it would appear that the West- a means of blackmail Send editorial and advertising material to: The American Legion Magazine, 700 North Pennsylvania ern world, not wanting to inconvenience St., PO Box 1055, Indianapolis, IN 46206. the Soviets as they swing at the end of previously impossible. Copyright 1982 by The American Legion. this economic noose, are willing to Microfilm copies available: University Microfilms, 300 empty their pockets of hard currency in N. Zeeb Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48106 the process. For under the agreement made between Western Europe and the Suppose, for instance, that Poland U.S.S.R., the West will even advance the were to once again erupt under the pres- Change of Address Notify Post Adjutant and funds needed to construct the pipeline— sure of Soviet domination, and the Circulation Dept., PO. Box 1954, Indianapolis, IN 46206. Attach old address label, an advance the Soviets have faithfully United States and her European allies provide old and new address and current membership promised to repay with future deliveries responded by taking economic and polit- card number. Allow 8 weeks for change of address to take effect. of natural gas. ical steps to aid the oppressed Poles? For years a major producer of natural Armed with the pipeline, the Soviets Non-Member Subscriptions gas, the Soviet Union has long been in could easily impose sanctions of their Send $9.00 ($15.00 in foreign countries) to Circulation Dept., PO. Box the business of selling energy to our own by, first, cutting of natural gas to 1954, Indianapolis, IN 46206. European allies. Deliveries via this new Western Europe. Should that fail to pipeline, however, will dramatically bend the allies' knees, they would still Member increase such exports and, for the first 0Continued on page 42) Audit Bureau of Circulations

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5 December 1982

At last, your family can own this heirloom quality Letters Grandfather's Clock Underground could have entered the war and we could • With reference to Jay Stuller's article have saved the lives of thousands of men AT THIS "America's Booming Underground Eco- and won the war. Too many of those in INCREDIBLE nomy" (October), let us get one thing authority believe they are the font of all LOW PRICE: straight. Many people working in the knowledge, which often they are allow- "underground economy" are not trying ed to express to the detriment of our to cheat the government, but are trying national interest. to recover a portion of what the govern- Thomas W. Deckelman ment has unfairly taken from them. Silver Spring, Md The abusive and confiscatory practices OVER of the LRS are legion. Thousands of peo- Big Issues FIVE FEET • In reply to "Should the U.S. Adopt A TALL! ple who might as well have been robbed at gunpoint are no longer willing to Flat-Rate Income Tax?" (October), the take this treatment. In addition, there answer is a resounding YES. No excep- are scores of hidden taxes that most of tions should be allowed. It should cover all source. us are unaware of. It is much too late to income from any Simul- bring a question of ethics into this taneously, there should be discontinu- picture. ance of all foreign aid. Hand Barth W. Gtnsbach Antiqued Roy Anderson Nolanville, Texas ALL WOOD Poplar, Wis. CABINETRY Man's Foe • No one has referred to the profligate • Although I'm not an entomologist, I spending policies of Congress as the have an interest in insects and their cause of our citizens going underground behavior, hence I was fascinated by for their protection. I a taxpayer own am Henry N. Ferguson's "Man's Relentless who sees little but waste and fraud in Foe" (September). The subject was inter- return for tax dollar. my estingly presented for both the novice B.B. Shealy If you're a lover of Americana, and and the scientist. Thank you. West Columbia, S. C. value fine craftsmanship, you won't Ralph W. Parsons want to miss this collector's opportunity! Middlesboro, Ky. This heirloom quality Grandfather's Clock • In this excellent article author Jay embodies the design details of clocks selling Stuller elaborates on the problem while Divine Wind for hundreds of dollars! omitting the cause. I believe that every- • The article by Richard F. Newcomb, • Full size . . . over five feet tall! one should pay his fair share of taxes— "The Divine Wind" (September), was ex- • Genuine solid is in wood finished a to "render therefore unto Caesar the mellow aged oak tone. ceptional. However, he was incorrect in things which are Caesar's." However, the statement that "a fleet of Chinese • Quality electric clock mechanism is made in the U.S.A. and is fully guaranteed for citizens in the "underground economy" bandits approached Japan." It was the one full year. And ... this clock never are fed up with our government's long- Mongols and not the Chinese who tried needs winding! standing policy of shelling out billions to invade Japan. Kindly place the blame • Assembles in minutes. No special tools to the shiftless in our country, and bil- it required. where belongs. lions more to foreign countries that turn Davtd H. Eng • ILL. approved. Generous six foot cord with molded plug. against us when we need them. Brooklyn, N.Y. Curtis McElmurry UNCONDITIONAL Burma, Ky. MONEY-BACK GUARANTEE Commander • luck to Commander Al Keller, CREDIT CARD CUSTOMERS Iran Good g> CALL TOLL-FREE, • Ernest Cuneo's "Iran: Arena Of Jr.! He is a no-nonsense guy, the type we 24 hours a day, 7 days a week: need as our leader. 1-800-228-5656, In NE: 1-800-642-8777 World Struggle" (October) is an excellent resume of the conditions that led to R. Nask STERLING PRODUCTS, Sterling Building, Somerdale, N.J. Box CI.O-6950, Garnerville, N.Y. 10923 the present situation there. It is my Yes, I want my family to own this heirloom prayer that we do not stumble from one quality Grandfather's Clock! mistake into the next in this arena as One for only $49.99 + $7.50 P&H. Convention we did in Vietnam. If the generals and ORDER GIFTS NOW, AND SAVE! • I wish to correct an error that ap- admirals had been given authority to Two for only $96.99 + $9.50 P&H. peared in the October issue concerning act, the ports of Hanoi and Haiphong Three for only $138.99 + $11.50 P&H. the entertainment provided at the

N Y,S. resident could have been bombed out of existence Enclosed is only $ National Commander's Dinner for Dis- ' add sales tax or Russia CHARGE IT: VISA MasterCard two months before China tinguished Guests. It was the "Soldier's Expires Chorus" of the United States Army Card # Field Band of Fort Meade, Md., not the Name Letters published do not necessarily "U.S. Army Chorus," as stated in the Address express the policy of The American caption. City Legion. We reserve the right to both edit Charles A. McAleer Stale Zip and select letters for publication. Wheaton, Md 6 1

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APPLY TODAY Select the num- BENEFITS—Annual Renewable Term Insurance (Policy Form GPC-5700-781) ber of units from the chart at Benefits determined by age at death and include 20% SPECIAL INCREASE for deaths right, fill out the application be- occurring during 1983. Maximum coverage limited to 10 units. low and enclose your check or 10 Units 9 Units 8 Units 7 Units 6 Units 5 Units 4 Units 3 Units 2 Units 1 Unit money order for the prorated Age at Death $240 per yr. $216 per yr. $192 per yr. $168 per yr. $144 per yr. $120 peryr. $96 peryr. $72 peryr. $48 peryr. $24 peryr. premium indicated to provide Through age 29 $120,000 coverage for the rest of the cal- $108,000 $96,000 $84,000 $72,000 $60,000 $48,000 $36,000 $24,000 $12,000 30-34 endar year. 96,000 86,400 76,800 67,200 57,600 48,000 38,400 28,800 19,200 9,600 35-44 54,000 48,600 43,200 37,800 32,400 27,000 21,600 16,200 10,800 5,400 IF YOU LIVE IN FL, IL, NJ, NY, 45-54 26,400 23,760 21,120 18,480 15,840 13,200 10,560 7,920 5,280 2,640 NC, OH, PR, TX, or Wl send for 55-59 14,400 12,960 11,520 10,080 8,640 7,200 5,760 4,320 2,880 1,440 special application. Applications 60-64 9,600 8,640 7,680 6,720 5,760 4,800 3,840 2,880 1,920 960 and benefits vary slightly in 65-69 6,000 5,400 4,800 4,200 3,600 3,000 2,400 1,800 1,200 600 some areas. Make check or 70-74* 3,960 3,564 3,168 2,772 2,376 1,980 1,584 1,188 792 396 money order payable to: The 75*-0ver 3,000 2,700 2,400 2,100 1,800 1,500 1,200 900 600 300 American Legion Life Insurance Prorated Premiumt $240 $216 $192 $168 $144 $120 $96 $72 $48 $24 Plan. 'No persons age 70 or over (including those desiring additional coverage) will be accepted for new insurance. tPRORATED PREMIUM TO SEND WITH YOUR APPLICATION. The INCONTESTABILITY Your coverage shall be incontestable after it has premiums shown above are for the full year of 1983 for approved been in force during your lifetime for two years from its effective date. applications effective Jan. 1, 1983. Premiums for applications approved for Feb. 1 or later are proportionately less, by PER UNIT $2 MAIL TO: The American Legion Life Insurance Plan PER MONTH, and any overpayments will be refunded. Premiums P.O. Box 56B9 • Chicago, IL 60680 accompanying non-approved applications will be refunded in full.

Plan insured by Transamerica Occidental Life Insurance Company. EFFECTIVE DATE Your insurance becomes effective orrthe first day of the month coinciding with or next following the date your application is approved by the Insurance Company. Insurance may Application Subject to Underwriter's Approval be maintained in force by payment of premiums when due.

ENROLLMENT NOTICE OF DISCLOSURE CARD FOR YEARLY RENEWABLE TERM LIFE INSURANCE FOR THE OF INFORMATION MEMBERS OF AMERICAN LEGION

Information regarding your in- Full Name. Birth Date surability will be treated as con- Last First Middle Mo. Day Year fidential except that Trans- america Occidental Life In- Permanent Residence. surance Co. may make a brief Street City State ZIP report to the Medical Informa- Name of Beneficiary- .Relationship. tion Bureau (M.I.B.), a non-profit Example: Print "Helen Louise Jones." Not "Mrs. H. L. Jones" membership organization of life insurance companies which Membership Card No Year Post No State- operates an information ex-

change on behalf of its I apply for the number of units indicated: members. Upon request by The following representations shall form a basis for the Insurance Company's approval or rejection of this another member insurance enrollment: Answer all questions. company to which you have ap-

plied for life or health insurance, 1. Present occupation? Are you now actively working? or to which a claim is submit- Yes No If no, give reason , , , , ted, the M.I.B. will supply such 2. Have you been confined in a hospital within the last year? No Yes If yes, give date, company with the information it length of stay and cause- may have in its files. 3. During five years, had heart disease, circulatory disease, kidney disease, liver disease, The Company may also release the last have you lung disease, diabetes, or cancer, or have you had or received treatment or medication for high blood information in its file to its rein-

pressure or alcoholism? No Yes If yes, give details , , , surers, and to other life insurance companies to which

you may apply for life or health I represent that to the best of my knowledge, all statements and answers recorded on this enrollment card are true

and complete. I agree that this enrollment card shall be a part of any insurance granted upon it under the policy. insurance, or to which a claim I authorize any physician or other person who has attended or examined me, or who may attend or examine me, to is submitted. disclose or to testify to any knowledge thus acquired. Upon receipt of a request from Signature of

Dated 19 Applicant . you, the M.I.B. will arrange dis- , The American Legion offers this Insurance through Transamerica Occidential Life Insurance Company, 5K82 closure of any information it Home Office: Los Angeles, California may have in your file. Medical GMA-300-19 12-79 (Univ.) information will only be dis- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AND AUTHORIZATION closed to your attending physi-

cian. If you question the ac- I have received and read the Notice of Disclosure of Information at left. Further, I authorize any curacy of information in the physician, medical practitioner, hospital, clinic, or other medical or medically related facility, in- Bureau's file you may seek cor- surance company, the Medical Information Bureau or other organization, institution or person rection in accordance with the having any records or knowledge of me or of my health to give Transamerica Occidental Life In- procedures set forth in the Fed- surance Company any such information. eral Fair Credit Reporting Act. A photographic copy of this authorization shall be as valid as the original. The address of the Bureau's in-

formation office is P.O. Box 105, Dated , 19 Signature of Applicant

Essex Station, Boston, Mass. I apply for additional Legion Life Insurance. My present certificate number is 02112; Phone (617) 426-3660.

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Should The Department of Energy be Abolished?

Yes In response to the 1973 No. To dismantle our energy oil embargo, the Department of effort now would be the equivalent of Energy was established, and federal Rip Van Winkle going back to sleep. intervention in the energy mar- On two occasions in the past nine ketplace increased astronomically. years the security of the United States While the energy difficulties of the was endangered by cutoffs of oil from '70s were certainly disorienting, the the Middle East. Long gas lines were creation of a separate Department of only the most obvious results of the

Rep. David Energy was neither necessary nor, as Rep. James C. supply interruptions of 1973 and 1979. Dreier, the facts demonstrate, has it made a Wright, Jr., What the American people could not R-Calif. significant contribution in our on- D-Texas be told at the time was that those inter- going efforts to achieve energy self- ruptions of vital oil supplies posed a sufficiency. The Department of Energy should be abolished threat to our military forces, to our ships in the Mediterra- and its critical functions transferred to the Department of nean denied refueling by friend or foe, and even more so to Commerce. the defense industry on which a prolonged war effort would There are undoubtedly those who will equate our desire to depend. Had it been necessary for the United States to defend dismantle DOE with the belief that the energy crisis has itself militarily during those perilous months, there is ended. Nothing could be further from the truth. Plain com- serious doubt whether it would have been able to do so. mon sense dictates that we must continue to focus national Belated recognition of the vital importance of energy to attention on the issue of energy. Under the reorganization our national security underlay the decision of the Congress proposal, energy will continue to receive cabinet-level atten- in 1977 to create the Department of Energy, bringing under tion and government planning for future energy disruptions one roof the various energy activities of the federal govern- will be handled more efficiently and at less cost. ment, from monitoring of oil imports to management of the DOE has actually done little to enhance America's energy Strategic Petroleum Reserve, from the enrichment of ura- security. Indeed, under DOE and increased government nium to developing ways of converting coal and oil shale to intervention in the marketplace, U.S. oil imports nearly liquid fuels. For the first time in our history, energy concerns doubled from 1972 to 1980. Moreover, several studies have now have cabinet rank. demonstrated that meddling, in the form of DOE allocation But hold on. The Reagan administration, having come to plans during the energy shortages of 1974 and 1979, actually office in a time of temporary surplus and perceiving no had an adverse impact on American energy security and immediate threat of an oil supply interruption, wants to served to lengthen gas lines, magnify the power of OPEC, dismantle that department and redistribute its functions to increase domestic consumption of oil, and discourage energy other departments and agencies. exploration and production in the United States. It would How shortsighted that would be! It was the abundance of appear that DOE's only real achievement has been to per- Middle East oil that lulled us into a false sense of security in petuate the myth of the federal government's ability to guar- the 1950s and 1960s. Surely we don't want to repeat that antee cheap and abundant energy for years to come. mistake. The plan to transfer DOE functions to the Department of The General Accounting Office confirms what most ofus in Commerce is both wise and overdue. Under this plan, which Congress have known for months—that the administration will provide savings of one to two billion dollars, the federal has failed to make its case for breaking up the department, government will continue to support long-term, high-risk and, further, that its projected three-year "savings" of $1 research as well as technological development in our billion have nothing to do with the proposed reorganization. national labs. But perhaps most importantly, the transfer of Still, the administration argues that energy will have a energy functions to the Department ofCommerce will enable stronger voice in the White House if it is represented by us to fully incorporate energy information and research into various other cabinet members, particularly the Secretary of the greater economic picture. We can no longer afford to deal Commerce. This line of reasoning is hard to follow. with energy as a single abstract entity. Instead, we must Surely national defense would not be advanced by disman- recognize and treat energy for what it is: the prime compo- tling the Department of Defense and assigning its functions nent of our business economy. to other departments and agencies. Our current energy situation is better and our future Our nation's security requires constant vigilance. brighter because we are now producing more energy and Relaxing our attention because there appears to be no conserving more energy, not because DOE has existed for the immediate threat is no way to ensure our survival. last five years. The key to a more effective energy policy lies Energy is critical to our national security and should con- in an increased awareness of how our market operates and tinue to command the attention of a government department not with central government intervention and price charged with that specific responsibility. manipulation. The Department of Energy was a bureaucratic experiment that has outlived its usefulness. It should be abolished.

THE AMERICAN LEGION December 1982 Dateline Washington

A Smoking Panama Canal PEOPLE & QUOTES

The Panama Canal issue, supposedly resolved three years Indispensable Ingredient— "... No matter all the prob- ago when Congress initiated transfer of the strategic water- lems we face today, there is a core of basic interests and way from U.S. to Panama control by the year 2000, is smok- values among the North Atlantic countries which holds us ing up again on Capitol Hill. together, and there is the same understanding now, as more Some members of the Western Hemisphere Subcommittee than 30 years ago, that political unity is the indispensable are becoming increasingly concerned over reports ofphysical ingredient in providing military security." Ambassador W. deterioration of the canal from lack of proper maintenance. Tapley Bennett, Jr., permanent representative of the U.S. Sen. Jesse A. Helms, R-N.C, subcommittee chairman, has to NATO. warned the Senate of his fears that as a result "our nation's Look Back In Comfort— "Since fresh approaches to security, and the security of all the republics of this hemi- strategy tend to threaten an institution's interests and self- sphere, has thereby been degraded." image, it is often more comfortable to look to the past than to Among reports reaching the subcommittee is that veteran seek new ways to meet the challenges of the future." Gen. employees of the canal, including the American ship pilots, David C. Jones, U.S. Army, retired chairman, Joint Chiefs are retiring in large numbers, and being replaced by Pan- of Staff. amanians with less experience and fewer qualifications. The ". Opportunity To Become Wealthy— . . We want to Panama Canal Commission, which is running the waterway improve the opportunity to become wealthy because that during the transfer period, insists that all is going well and process, in the absence offraud or deceit or stealing ofvarious that the U.S. national interest is not being hurt. Sen. Helms kinds, in general serves the interests of all of us." William and some of his colleagues are not so sure. Niskanen, member, President's Council of Economic Advisers.

Hummingbird Hang-Up?—". . . The United States is too "Slaves" on Russian Pipeline? large, powerful, rich and influential to dart about like a One man's fight to expose the Russians for using "slave hummingbird to sniff at each alluring blossom; we must be labor" to build the new Siberian-West Germany gas pipeline reasonably predictable by friends and adversaries alike, or and other difficult projects is making slow but steady head- we ourselves can inject disarray into an already troubled way. Sen. William Armstrong, R-Colo., is determined to be planet. Unanimity is not possible, but a broad consensus is heard, and he's succeeding. there for those who are willing to participate in building it." The senator started raising the roof about the U.S.S.R. Dean Rusk, former secretary of state. ". using political prisoners as forced labor in its toughest pro- Tragic Waste— . . To collect, code, classify and then jects under the worst hardship conditions even before the calculate national injury estimates for over 1,000 product administration moved to block the Siberian pipeline. categories is a tragic waste of taxpayers monies." Stuart M. Sen. Armstrong has tried to arouse the consciences of Statler, U.S. Product Safety Commissioner. those Western European countries that have rejected Presi- Solution To Tax Cheating— "The real solution is to tar- dent Reagan's call for export restrictions against Russia. get those people who are abusing the system and to put However, several human rights organizations in Europe have enough tools in our hands to make the risks high enough that already picked up the senator's cry and are pressing for fewer people will be willing to take a chance on cheating. The investigation of the allegations that the Russians operate perception that people are beginning to comply at a higher some 2,000 work camps for political prisoners. The State rate and are paying their fair share of the taxes will then Department, meanwhile, as a result of Sen. Armstrong's encourage others to do likewise." Roscoe L. Egger, Jr., crusade, has been called upon by Congress to investigate the Commissioner of Internal Revenue. charges. Tax Law Vs. Common Sense— "Unfortunately, common sense and tax law are rarely even waving acquaintances." U.S. Court of Claims Judge Edward S. Smith. More Canny Than Candid— "What is it about our pro- United Against Crime fession that has always made the rest of society uneasy? ... I Concerned citizens have joined with local law enforcement would venture to say that one reason we are held in mini- agencies to battle against crime. Last year they formed the mum high regard is that we have not convinced the public of. National Association to Town Watch (NATW), a nonprofit our intellectual honesty and devotion to principle. We are organization made up ofcitizen crime-watch groups and local regarded as more canny than candid, more as servants of our police. prince, as mouthpieces or hired guns, than as servants of our Senators Arlen Specter, R-Pa., and Joseph R. Biden, Jr., consciences." Lloyd N. Cutler, former White House D-Del., feel the organization has proven to be worthwhile, counsel. ". and have introduced the Justice Assistance Act of1982, entit- Human Liberties—Soviet Style— . . the Soviet Union ling local crime prevention programs—now supported by pri- ... is, in fact, nothing but a system of repression and an vate contributions—to some federal funds. instrument for the radical dehumanization of mankind." The NATW currently has over 5 million members. While Rep. John LeBoutillier, R-N.Y. some are trained to patrol their neighborhoods on foot or in West Germany's Downfall— "But prosperity has its own radio equipped cars, others are involved in the association's pitfalls. Just as individuals in good times find 'money burn- newest campaign, "letter carriers watch." Postmen report ing a hole in their pockets,' so nations grow weary of the very any suspicious activities while on their daily rounds. Several frugal policies that made the prosperity . . . the temptation to cities have had up to 50 percent reductions in crime since the enjoy the fruits of past frugality became irresistible." Ver- watch program was initiated, says Sen. Biden. mont Royster, columnist, Wall Street Journal.

12 .

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THE AMERICAN LEGION December 1982

By Lester David George Washington, nearing his 46th birthday, had 8,300 Continental regu- Valley Forge stands as a reminder that lars and about 2,700 militiamen—dis- this nation was forged on the anvil of heartened troops with nowhere to go, adversity. "At no other period in our his- and winter approaching fast. About 20 tory was our freedom more deeply miles to the northwest of Philadelphia, endangered, and at no other time was which was held by the British, he spot- our life as a nation so much injeopardy, ted a tiny settlement of some 20 says Dr. John Joseph Stoudt, a Pennsyl- fieldstone houses nestling in a valley vania historian. between two densely wooded hills. This is the true story of those terrible Washington would have preferred weeks from the diaries of the men and moving his troops on into Delaware, or officers who were there, from entries in to a less pillaged part of Pennsylvania, orderly books, from recollections ofcivil- but yielding to pleas to keep his army ians that have been preserved and other close by in order to protect the area from authentic sources who saw it all first- the British, he reluctantly agreed to

hand. . . winter at Valley Forge. One morning, a slate-gray Thursday, The year was 1777. The fortunes of the December 18, he spoke to his men who colonists had ebbed; fears grew that were huddled silently on a plain, pro- they might lose the fight for the inde- tecting themselves as best they could pendence they had proclaimed 17 against the raw winds. History has- months earlier, in the north, "Gentle- recorded them as "men" but they were man Johnny" Burgoyne, the British hardly that. The majority were youths general, had surrendered at Saratoga in their teen years. for the first great American victory, but "The General ardently wishes it were elsewhere the cause was failing. in his power to conduct the troops into The Americans, including the govern- the best winter quarters," Washington ment, had even been forced to flee from said. "But where are those to be found? their capital city. Should we retire to the interior parts of

14 THE AMERICAN LEGION December 1982

Christmas a Valley Forge

the State, ... we should leave a vast place "secured with clay 18 inches worse, the bitter cold outside or the extent of fertile territory to be despoiled thick" was to be built at the rear. The acrid fumes which filled his lungs and and ravaged by the enemy, from which walls were to be six-and-one-half-feet seared his eyes. they would draw vast supplies. . ."They high and the door had to be on the end All over the camp, others were in the must, he told them, camp there, and opposite the fireplace. same dilemma—freeze outside or choke make themselves "the best shelter in Since the British had burned the only inside. At the rear, Albigence Waldo, a our power." sawmill, trees had to be felled and the surgeon of the Connecticut Regiment of In the ranks, listening to the com- logs for the doors and roofing hewn by the Line, was scribbling in a diary. mander-in-chief, was Pvt. Joseph Plumb hand. There were plenty of axes, but Bone-weary and disgruntled, he was Martin, a gangling 17-year-old farm boy nails were scarcer than buttercups on writing: "Heartily wish myself at home. from Milford, Conn., who was already a the barren hillside. My skin and eyes are almost spoil'd veteran of the battles at Brooklyn, New Soon scores of huts were being erec- with continual smoke." And in a later York, Harlem and White Plains. His ted, lined in streets along the barren entry: "Lay excessive Cold and uncom- firelock musket, with its long barrel ground. Forming a line at the rear were fortable last Night—my eyes starting and large bore, was held loosely in his the officers quarters, identical huts, one out from their Orbits like a Rabbit's right hand. Effective atjust a little more for each general officer and one each for eyes, occasion'd by the great Cold and than 100 yards, it shot a heavy ball the staff of each brigade, the field Smoke." molded of lead. officers of each regiment and the com- And yet the hut-dwellers counted Looking about him, Pvt. Martin saw missioned officers of two companies. themselves among the more fortunate that the other troops listening to Wash- When it was finished, Pvt. Martin ones. Most of the Army was still in ington were as woebegone as he. "We crawled into his new dwelling with the tents, barely protected from the numb- were truly in a forlorn condition," he others. Despite their efforts, the wind ing cold. wrote later, "no clothing, no provisions howled through large gaps in the walls According to legend, the snow was and disheartened." and roof. There was no straw; all lay on deep and constant at Valley Forge. Actu- That afternoon, orders came to build the hard frozen ground. Someone lit a ally, while there was some, it was mostly their own shelter. The "soldier huts" fire, burning green wood, which was all the numbing cold, accompanied by skin- were to be 14 feet long and 12 feet wide, there was. Because of the poor ventila- slashing winds, that made life misera- with the roof and side constructed of tion, smoke soon filled the small ble there. rough logs taken from the woods and enclosure. Within minutes, Martin By Sunday, December 21, food was "made tight" with clay. A wooden fire- found himself wondering which was (Continued on page 36)

15 THE AMERICAN LEGION December 1982

The sleek skyscrapers and modern highways ofBrazil's capital, Brasilia, are in marked contrast to thejungle that surrounds it. Below, the towering statue of Christ on Mt. Corcovado seems to embrace the city ofRio de Janeiro and, beyond it, Guanabara Bay.

RAZIL: The Next Frontier

By Inger Krogh and James N. Sites

Imagine that the United States could do it all over again . . .

. . . That our population was 120 million instead of nearly double that number.

. . . That our great reservoir of natural resources had scarcely been tapped.

. . . That we stood on the threshold of a 1920s-like boom of unprecedented expansion of industry and living standards. Imagine all this and you begin to appreciate the position and incredible potential exhibited today by our second biggest neighbor in the Western Hemisphere—a country even bigger than our 48 contiguous states—Brazil. Comprising half the land area of South America, Brazil presents a kaleidoscopic picture of a nation on the move, of this hemisphere's next great development frontier. And depending on its approaches to some awesome internal problems, it could become a nation of destiny. For all its dramatic movement and significance, however, Brazil's emergence as a world economic power and vital source of raw materials for the United States is a fact we THE AMERICAN LEGION December 1982

Below, the bustling crowds found in Brazil's cities underscore the booming growth ofthe country.

yanquis have almost missed. U.S. public and press attention ings. And over all, from the 2300-foot peak of Mount Cor- have been so riveted on Cuba and Central America and, more covado, looms the giant statue of Christ the Redeemer, arms recently, on the Falkland Islands, that we've come perilously outstretched in silent benediction of the millions below. close to overlooking one ofthe most portentous developments Brazil's great potentials, along with its pernicious prob- in our hemisphere. For Brazil is a keystone country whose lems, come out in on-scene talks not only with the carioca or actions are bound to influence the entire world to our south. natives of Rio, but also in personal visits to Manaus, focal Setting an example for others, it is answering with will—and point for development of the immense Amazon River basin; halting, yet positive progress—the long-asked question: Brasilia, the nation's flashy new "city of the future"; Bahia/ Can Latin America ever break out of its political-economic Salvador, the bustling Afro-Brazilian center, and Sao Paulo, straitjacket and really get moving? whose 12 million Italians, Germans, Japanese and others Visitors to Brazil are almost overwhelmed by the contrasts make it the biggest population and production center on the in this vast and varied land: continent. Some of our standout findings: • The geography ranges from deep jungles and tropical • Rapid economic growth over the two decades leading up beaches to towering mountains and arid plateaus to rich to 1981 made Brazil the 10th largest economy in the world. agricultural lands. (It's the fifth largest country.) Much of this growth, however, • There is vivid contrast, too, between the old and the was financed by foreign borrowing (a fourth from the United new—between remnants of the Portuguese colonial past dat- States) putting Brazil into a near-tie with Mexico as the ing from the 1500s and striking modern skyscrapers, as in Third World nation with the largest foreign debt—nearly $80 Rio de Janeiro, and whole cities, such as the new capital of billion. Worldwide recession and curtailed borrowing have Brasilia. now brought expansion to a halt, threatening what has been • More contrasts come in the live-and-let-live racial mix- a period of stability enforced by a military government. ture of whites, blacks, native Indians and Orientals. • Brazil is second only to the United States as the biggest • Still more lie in the range of religions, from Catholicism food producer and exporter. It leads in coffee and ranks near to voodooism. the top in soybeans, cocoa, meat, sugar and cotton. Sugar • And still more hit you in the ominous gaps between cane is being aggressively expanded to provide more ethyl illiteracy and advanced education and between the desper- alcohol, used increasingly as an auto fuel to curb imports of ately poor and the extremely rich. high-priced oil. Exploration for new oil reserves is also being Rio shows these contrasts in boldest relief. Here in a pushed for the same reason. uniquely beautiful natural setting, rounded mountains tum- • Industrial output is becoming surprisingly sophisti- ble down to a smiling seashore. City segments snake along cated,with a million new cars turned out annually, many for sandy beaches and up forested valleys, covering every inch of export. Some 80 percent of the electricity powering this flat space. Colorful throngs, including pickpockets and pros- industrial expansion comes from hydroelectric plants. The titutes, jam the narrow streets and wide boulevards. Some of world's biggest hydropower project is being built with Para- the world's worst slums—the favelas—stretch up hillsides guay along the mighty Iguacu Falls; yet only an estimated 11

from some of the world's most luxuriant apartment build- Continued. . .

17 THE AMERICAN LEGION December 1982

American Lesion Magazine Exclusive:

As Our Ambassador Sees It . . . sized country, with a land area nomic conditions, what barriers 79k roughly the same as the "lower 48" must Brazil overcome in realizing United States. Its resource base its economic potential? would make most countries envious. A. Its overwhelming dependence on foreign oil as an energy source, for Q. But doesn't it have serious economic problems, including starters. It is developing energy alternatives, but that is a fan- the largest foreign debt—$80 billion—of any developing country? tastically expensive proposition, and will take time to have its full effect. It A. When that figure is put on a per will also have to continue its pro- capita basis, the situation is not gress in addressing problems in the nearly so dramatic—Brazil's per cap- social infrastructure, such as educa- ita foreign debt is not the highest, by tion, health care and the like. It has a long shot. But you're right. Just the to come to grips with a population interest payments on the debt alone v increase of 2.5 percent per year— add up to $10 billion a year. When you when already 42 percent of the popu- Few people know Brazil better than the add the staggering fuel bill it has to lation is 15 and under. Part of the U.S. representative to that country, pay abroad—also roughly $10 billion country is highly developed, while Langhorne A. Motley, who was born in a year—you get an amount that their other parts are still in the develop- Rio de Janeiro and speaks Portuguese export earnings are barely able to mental stage, so there are difficult fluently. A veteran of10 years in the U.S. cover. It's on an economic treadmill decisions to be made in allocating Air Force, Ambassador Motley gives the at the moment, and has to scramble resources. It's going to take hard following views on Brazil's future in this to keep up. But in the decade preced- work, lots of capital and political exclusive interview with The American ing the oil shock of 1974, it had a will. But they will find a way—it's a Legion Magazine. really spectacular growth rate, often Brazilian national characteristic: called the "Brazilian miracle." they always seem to find a way. When the current worldwide recession is over, and when Brazil's enor- Q. Mr. Ambassador, it's been mously expensive economic develop- Q. In looking for the way, many said that Brazil could become the ment projects—particularly in the societies turn to leftist revolution- world's ary movements. next superpower. What's energy field—start to pay off, you can Do you think this your own assessment of the coun- expect another spurt of growth. is likely for Brazil? try's future? Another good sign for Brazil's long- A. The Brazilians are pragmatists, A. Superpower? It depends on your term prospects is its balanced econ- and distrust instinctively any ideo- definition of superpower, but cer- omy. Some of the petroleum export- logical solutions to the problems tainly Brazil will be one of the major ing states, for example, are seeing they encounter, particularly when powers of the 21st century. Projec- that fluctuations in the oil market they can see how a system has failed tions today have Brazil passing Can- can be catastrophic to oil-based econ- in other countries. Also, the revolu- ada and Italy in GNP by the year omies. Brazil's economy is well tionary in one society is the pioneer 2000, becoming the sixth largest eco- diversified. in another, and Brazil is a frontier nomic power in the free world. society, offering fantastic oppor- Remember, Brazil is a continent- Q. Besides current world eco- 0Continued on page 41)

. . . Continued raw materials and markets. We thus beginning, however, was that few people percent of the country's hydropower share the Brazilians' concern for solv- wanted to give up their tradition-rich, potential has been tapped to date. ing some of the tall problems threaten- challenging life in the old cities for this Atomic power plants also are being ing their stability and progress. Chief totally planned, sterile environment. built as a hedge against future needs. among these are a runaway inflation With the center's population now top- • New mineral resources are being that reflects itself in an annual doub- ping a million, this is fortunately much uncovered regularly and added to an ling of prices and a decidedly unequal less of a problem today. enormous backlog of wealth. One recent distribution of the fruits of economic Inflation also brought a leftward iron ore find in the north alone accounts expansion. Both problems carry the political turn and civic disorders; this, for 13 percent of the world's total known potential for trouble that could upset in turn, led to takeover of the govern- reserves. Officials estimate that up to the whole development apple cart. ment—a federated republic—by an $50 billion may be required to develop Rapid inflation was triggered in the alarmed military in 1964. A crackdown this one field, but the payoff is assured late 1950s by the forced-draft building on liberals and extremists followed. in market demand for the exported ore. in three years of the major portions of Many went to jail; others left the coun- • Half of Brazil's vast territory the inland capital of Brasilia. Shifting try. But unlike most Latin countries, remains undeveloped, and much of this the capital from Rio was intended to this did not beget a bloody counter- has not even been explored emphasize development of the interior revolution. Why? Most people on the The United, States, as Brazil's most and to symbolize the nation's reach scene contend it's because Brazil has a important trading partner (two-way toward greatness. And, indeed, its mon- tolerant Portuguese political tradition trade amounts to $8 billion a year) has a umental scope and daring design strike and even its dictators tend to be less vested interest in these developments. the outsider as singularly fullfilling repressive than elsewhere. We face a growing need for the nation's this objective. The big trouble in the (Continued on page 40)

18 . " THE AMERICAN LEGION December 1982

Looks At Our SEASONAL FOLLIES

"Mom? . . . The cat drank the rest of the leftover punch and now he won't come down offthe ceiling.

"A little fat man? . . . With a beard and a sack? . landsakes! I wonder who it could be?! ..."

"Awright, ever'body! Get ready!

"What we're dealing with here is one very confused Santa. Thirty . . . twenny-nine . . . fourteen

elevenny-two . . . twenny-five ..."

19 THE AMERICAN LEGION December 1982 Son'Tay

Success Or failure?

20 THE AMERICAN LEGION December 1982

The answer seemed obvious By Maj. John C. Sawyer, USA Their aircraft consisted of five helicop- ters, five bombers and two transport ... until the POWs No bombs had fallen in the Red River planes. told their stories Valley in North Vietnam for two years Most of the volunteers had combat when, suddenly, during the early morn- experience, while roughly half of each ing hours of Nov. 21, 1970, the sound of air crew was recruited from Southeast waves of aircraft screaming through the Asia to ensure proficiency with current skies sounded over Hanoi and much of flying conditions in the area. The volun- North Vietnam. Word flashed that teers were told only that they would be waves of U.S. planes were bombing on a "moderately hazardous mission." south of the 19th parallel. The task force, dubbed "Ivory Coast," While all this aerial activity kept set up a secret training center at Eglin North Vietnamese military leaders Air Force Base, Fla. Using aerial intel- Below, USAF Brig. Gen. LeRoyJ. busy, a highly select group of Army vol- ligence photos, they built a replica of Manor commanded the A ir Force's Spe- unteers landed by helicopter at an old Son Tay that was erected each night, cial Operations Force, while Army Col. French-built garrison—the Son Tay used for practice assaults, and taken

Arthur D. Simons, below at left, served POW camp. In less than 30 minutes the down each morning to prevent Soviet as his deputy and ground commander. raiders would kill a large number of satellites from detecting it. enemy soldiers, destroy much of the The raiders trained in the use of acet-

camp . . . and find there were no Ameri- ylene torches, chain saws, bolt cutters can POWs to rescue. and fire axes to break into POW cells. With the announcement of the abor- Weapons training was conducted using tive rescue attempt, what began as a a new, commercially procured night noble effort to rescue dying American sight for M-16 rifles. POWs became mired in debate. While the assault force trained Was the raid on Son Tay a success or a nightly on its mission inside the camp, failure? To begin finding an answer, you Air Force crews put in long hours per- have to go back six months prior to the fecting night formation flying and night raid when planning first began. In May navigation at low altitudes. Slower 1970, Air Force intelligence experts at speeds were required because an HH3 Fort Belvoir, Va., spotted an ingenious helicopter was required for the opera- code used by Son lay's POWs to signal tion. The HH3 could not keep up except high-flying reconnaissance aircraft and when drafting a C130 cargo plane that satellites. The POWs used dirt from a would be flying with full flaps down and newly dug well to form a letter "K" on at only 10 miles per hour above its stall the ground. The letter, in code, stands speed. for "come and get us." With this infor- On November 11, Veterans Day mation, plus a corroborating statement (renamed "Prisoners of War Day" that from a captured North Vietnamese sol- year by Presidential proclamation) dier, the intelligence analysts deter- President Nixon met with his top mined that Son Tay was an active POW advisors to review the plan and the four camp. back-up plans that had been developed Realizing that Son Tay was in rela- and rehearsed. The decision to launch tively open countryside, that there were the mission was made—six months after no major North Vietnamese bases the American POWs were identified at nearby and that the POWs were proba- Son Tay—and the task force moved bly in desperate need of rescue, the ana- secretly to a forward staging area in lysts went straight to the Pentagon and Thailand. recommended a prompt attempt to res- The task force rapidly assembled cue the POWs. Pentagon officials did from bases throughout Southeast Asia. not share their sense of urgency. From bases in Thailand came the heli- It was not until July that the Joint copters, the AlEs, the C130s, tankers, Chiefs of Staff gave approval to a plan of F4 Phantoms for MIG protection, five operation. Air Force Brig. Gen. LeRoy J. F105s for surface-to-air missile and anti- Manor, commander of the Air Force's aircraft suppression, EC121 airborne Special Operations Force, was tapped to command posts and a KC135 radio relay head the operation, while Army Col. aircraft. From Okinawa came the Arthur D. Simons was selected his dep- RC135 with the airborne mission com- uty.and ground commander. mand. In the Gulf of Tonkin, some 60 A 56-man Army assault force was planes from Carrier Task Force 77 formed. Air Force volunteers would moved into position. transport the assault force into and out The force maneuvered through Laos of the camp, provide for evacuation of and into North Vietnam along precisely POWs and provide close air protection. (Continued on page 44)

21 THE AMERICAN LEGION December 1982 THEMONEYSUPREME COURT OF A Layman's Tour of the Federal Reserve

By Alan D. Haas Yet, oddly enough, hardly a day goes on while Presidents come and go. Sev- by without the press referring to some- eral times Congress has asked to look at A farmer in Iowa looks to his banker to thing that the Federal Reserve has the Fed's books; the board has said no. provide seed cash for the new crop done, will do, might do or ought to do. How did the Federal Reserve System season. "The way in which the Fed affects all acquire so much latitude over money A young West Coast couple apply for a our lives is usually lost in professional and banking anyhow? Essentially, it substantial mortgage to finance the jargon and the presumption is that non- was created out of chaos. purchase of their first home. specialists cannot hope to understand In the 19th century, the United States A small businessman in the North- such complicated phenomena," points was a capital-deficient country. Indi- east asks for a hefty loan to make possi- out Raymond E. Lombra, associate pro- vidual banks could issue their own cur- ble a plant expansion. fessor of economics, Pennsylvania State rency. A Chicago dollar might sell in Every day in this country, thousands University. New York for 80 cents. Western of Americans request credit to keep ranchers and farmers wanted cheap enterprises rolling or start new ones. money, easy to borrow and pay back. But whether or not they will succeed Eastern bankers wanted sound money, in their endeavors depends less on local in limited supply. "There are no tellers, bankers, investment institutions, lend- Every schoolchild is taught about the ers or real estate developers, than it no grilles and not nation's past financial agonies: the Pan- does on the actions of the Federal ics of 1837, 1873, 1893, 1907. Boom and Reserve, the nation's elite, monolithic much human traffic." bust. Depositors lined up, eager to get and somewhat mysterious central bank. their money out while it was still Behind closed doors in Washington, possible. D.C., the Fed, acting on its own, without In 1913, under the leadership of Sen. the necessity to consult either the Presi- Among its daily functions, the Fed Carter Glass of Virginia, Congress dent or Congress, decides if the farmer, clears all checks, sells Treasury bills established the Federal Reserve. The the home purchaser and the business- and decides how much money will be in idea was that the Fed could stop a run on man will get the cash they need. circulation. Because of its policies, the country's banks. By a series ofmech- Because the activities of the all- Mobil Oil may be able to obtain $5 bil- anisms, the Federal Reserve could add powerful Fed are veiled from public lion to buy another oil company, while money to the government's own bank view, the average American knows less the hardware store on Main Street, the account. It was thought that the econ- about them than about the inner work- family farmer or the small businessman omy could be managed and fine tuned to ings of the Russian KGB. At least Rus- may not be able to find or afford credit. smooth, if not eliminate, the severity of sian spying is documented in all those The Fed also lends money to commer- the recurrent peaks and troughs ofbusi- novels of international intrigue. cial banks, audits their books and over- ness cycles. Cloaked in secrecy, the Fed conducts sees mergers. Exempt from Civil Yet, when the acid test came in 1929, business beyond the purview of anyone Service, it hires and fires at will. the Fed could not put the brakes to the but bankers, Wall Street and a few Federal Reserve governors are Great Depression. It pursued a tight economists. appointed for 14-year terms, so they stay money policy (much like the present)

22 THE AMERICAN LEGION December 1982

that was widely criticized at the time. and Belgian travertine marble as you Sunday morning, leaving $200 million Economist Milton Friedman contends walk. There are no tellers, no grilles and in worthless commercial paper, as well that if the Fed had created more funds in not much human traffic. Instead, there as other debts. At the time, Lockheed, 1930, the calamity would have ended are cavernous, paneled boardrooms Chrysler and Pan American were also long before it actually did. with high ceilings and oversized furni- in shaky financial condition. Today, if you ask a Washington cab ture. The place has the feeling of a tem- It was feared that financial markets driver to take you to the Fed's headquar- ple, a cathedral—hushed, majestic, would be so frightened they would not ters, he probably won't know the above the fray. renew the existing short-term debt of^ address. At that "marble palace" on In one of the board rooms every 45 other shaky borrowers. Constitution Avenue, in Foggy Bottom days, the Federal Open Market Com- If large borrowers couldn't find near the State Department, 1500-odd mittee, composed of Chairman Paul A. money somewhere, they could not pay bureaucrats, including economists, Volcker, six governors and presidents of their bills, and then their creditors researchers and monetary experts, the 12 Federal Reserve Banks, meets to wouldn't be able to pay their bills, and a among others, study in almost scholarly chart the monetary course of a $3 financial avalanche could ensue. leisure daily market conditions, inter- trillion economy. The actions of this The Federal Reserve got in touch with est rates and inflation trends. committee are the key instruments in its member banks and said they should When you enter the Federal Reserve the nation's anti-inflation effort. come to the Fed for the money needed to Building a uniformed guard at the desk One vital function the Federal weather the crunch and to put that asks your name and purpose, writes Reserve has performed nobly over the money out. those items in his ledger, phones for years is acting as the "lender of last "It was like having a huge overload in your escort and clips a pass to your resort." Several years ago, the Penn the network of electric utilities, which lapel. Your footsteps echo on the Italian Central Railroad went bankrupt on a would black out the country, and then

"The Bed is convinced that its course is the right one."

having a master engineer pull all the reserve power into the system," explains financial analyst Adam Smith. Panic was avoided, and the nation's financial markets went on to function normally. Again in May 1974, the Fed rode to the rescue when the Franklin National Bank of Long Island got into financial difficulty as a result of dubious invest- ments. For the first five months of the year, the Franklin showed losses of $63.5 million. The bank was suspended from trading for a month. Depositors swiftly pulled out $1 billion in deposits as the bank tottered. The Federal Reserve jumped in and pledged loans to help overcome liquidity problems. The Franklin merged and the Fed had pulled off another last-minute rescue. No depositors lost a penny. In 1979, commodity speculators W. Herbert and Nelson Bunker Hunt sought to corner the international silver

(Continued on page 35)

23 . .

December 1982 News to Use

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' ' ' * ' VETERANS UPDATE ' TO DEBUT IN JANUARY ... 'Vet- for the first time in years, ' said Legion Economics

* erans Update, ' a column of in-depth information on Director James G. Bourie. legislation, veterans programs and other federal programs of interest to veterans and their families, UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION RESTORED FOR MILILTARY will debut in the January issue of The American Legion VETERANS . . . President Reagan has signed legisla-

Magazine. The column, which will replace ' 'Message tion restoring eligibility for unemployment

' compensation to military personnel who voluntarily Center, ' will closely examine legislation and its effect on you, forecast the state-or fate-of federal leave the service at the end of their enlistment programs and pending legislation and focus on Legion period . . . Congress eliminated UCX (unemployment initiatives and positions currently being pursued on compensation, ex-military) when it passed the Omnibus Reconciliation Act of August 1981, reasoning Capitol Hill . Watch for it in the January issue that personnel who voluntarily leave the military LEGISLATION INCREASES COMPENSATION, SATISFIES should be treated the same as civilians who quit their

LEGION MANDATES . . This year's federal compensation jobs. This didn't take into consideration, however, adjustments bill, recently signed by the President, the difficulties faced by military men and women in includes a 7.4 percent cost-of-living increase in looking for civilian employment in the period before compensation payments to service connected disabled actual separation from service-especially those veterans and their survivors, and nearly two dozen stationed away from home . It also created the ironic other changes in other benefits, many of which had situation that people discharged involuntarily from been championed by The American Legion . . . The cost- service as undesirable were eligible for unemploy- of-living increase reflects the rise in the Consumer ment compensation. The legislation restores Price Index over the past year and was first paid in eligibility for unemployment compensation to mili- checks due November 1, and thereafter to some 2.3 tary personnel honorably separated after at least two million veterans and about 319,000 widows and chil- years of service . There is a four-week waiting period dren of veterans who died of service- incurred health before the veteran becomes eligible for up to 13 weeks problems . . . Other highlights of the legislation of benefits, depending on state laws . . . The Ameri- include: reinstate the $300 burial allowance for war can Legion favored restoration of the benefits as veterans whose bodies are unclaimed and who do not stated in Resolution 383 of the 1982 National Conven- leave enough money to pay for a funeral and burial tion in Chicago

. . . override Circular A-76 of the Office of Manage- LEGION POSTS EXEMPTED FROM ROYALTY PAYMENTS ... The ment and Budget by prohibiting the VA ' s.Department of Medicine and Surgery from contracting out VA func- President has signed Public Law 97-366, an exemption tions unless the Chief Medical Director determines to the Copyright Act of 1976, permitting veterans organizations and other nonprofit fraternal groups they are not related to patient care . . . extend the GI Bill delimiting period for Vietnam era veterans to to use live music performances at their social fund use the benefits for vocational training by an addi- raising events without paying royalties . The only restriction is that the Posts not be conducting tional year, to Dec. 3U 1984 . . . and to make the

' ' public events, but, rather that the events be for 'Vet Rep on Campus ' program discretionary and give the Administrator of Veterans Affairs authority to members and guests only . The Legion had sought the blacklist courses where there are widespread, exemption for veterans groups since the 1976 law serious violations of the law by educational revision, contending that the royalty requirement institutions. discouraged Posts from holding fund raisers and reduced the proceeds available for charitable

. . . SEPARATE VETERAN EMPLOYMENT TRAINING ASSURED causes . Resolution 172 at the Legion ' s 1981national Congress has passed the Job Training and Partnership convention in Hawaii and a similar resolution Act of 1982, thus marking the first time the employ- received and recorded at the Chicago convention last ment problems of veterans are recognized as a August mandated the organization to seek the national responsibility and the first time a portion exemption. of the federal job-training appropriation is specif-

' ' ically targeted for veterans, according to Legion USGLI POLICIES ' ALL PAID UP ' ... The VA has officials. The $3-8 billion authorization replaces announced that the U.S. Government Life Insurance the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act Policies held by about 83,000 WW! veterans are fully

(CETA) , which expired Sept. 30, 1982, and earmarks $13 paid up and have waived all future premium payments million for Labor Department grants to political And, it seems, the WI veterans were overcharged all subdivisions and nonprofit organizations for the along . The program was the government ' s first venture training of service-connected disabled, Vietnam era into the life insurance business and was based on a and recently separated veterans. The program will be mortality table published in 1868. Not only were the administered by the assistant secretary of labor for life expectancies of the veterans underestimated, veterans employment, in line with Legion demands for but it also assumed premiums would only earn interest x consolidation of veterans programs in that depart- at 3 /2 percent annually, far less than what the fund

' ment . ' Coupled with the education, training and has earned. Thus, while the existing policies have a employment amendments included in this year's com- face value of $300, 000, last year the VA collected $4 pensation adjustment bill, the government will be in million in premiums and gave them back $24 million in a good position to help veterans on the economic front dividends

26 . ! FREE 1983 EMBLEM CATALOG

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THE ORIGINAL Start Your Own Business! Earn Extra y^T Cjenuine iPorcetain FLUSHES UP TO YOU CAN EARN UP TO THAT AMOUNT SEWER OR SEPTIC TANK -No Digging Up Floors- INSTALLS EASY. ANYWHERE! Sharpen Saws.. Write McPHERSON, Inc., Dept. AL Box 15133 Tampa, Florida 33684 ... ALL Garden and shop tools for home and industry Get In On The Profits! Yes there's plenty of business waiting To Get Started! r" With SHARP-ALL It s Easy PALM BEACH COUNTY for the man who can professionally sharpen saws and all types of edge- FROM $31,900 cutting tools. SHARP-AII does them all, and at big profit for you. No inventory is involved ... no selling. You earn a year-round Cash income and make 900 profit out of every dollar you take in. back time after nme. • Work sparetime hours or fulltime right at brings customers franchise fees o, any kind home, and no experience is needed. TtJe are NO work you the hours you want^^Ztto ... are the boss ... YOU set pocket. Send TODAY for details of our put the profits in YOUR There's a new mobile home com- 30-Day FREE Trial Offer! munity in Palm Beach that combines Thene_is_ NO _OBLIGATipRj_ SALESMAN Will Call retirement living at its finest with andJO affordable quality housing. For free FREE full color brochure and more infor- BOOKLET! TODAY1 \ WmW/ kSI Sty «?o Mm mation call toll free 1-800-327-7378. Send for YES, please send me the FREE booklet "Lifetime In FL call collect (305) 231-3199 or your copy Security" and full details on your 30-Day Free Trial today. No write Sunny Offer. I understand there is No Obligation and that South Estates, sunny obligation. No Salesman will call on me. // coupon has been removed, just send us a Department C, NAME postcard with your name and address P.O. Box 7 to— ADDRESS Boynton Beach, States F0IjE» BELSBLU CD. Florida 33435. 60102 FIELD BLDG. CITY/STATE ZIP KANSAS CITY, MO. 64111

27 Department Commanders, 1982-83

The American Legion Department Commanders and National Executive Committeemen for the 1982-83 term are shown on these two facing pages. Murray D. Barnes Thomas W. Streeper Julian F. Santos Roy R. Moore Donald A. Drumheller Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California T*he Commanders are elected by Department conventions and serve for one year. The Committeemen are elected in the same manner for a two-year term. The National Commander and five National Vice Commanders and the

Charles H. Thorpe Marvin Nold Richard W. Anderson Robert J. Lauer Paul Zolbe

Canada Colorado Connecticut Delaware Dist. of Columbia

James A. Preece Robert H. Winkler Edward Pierson, Sr. Eugene K. B. Won Frank Dalton Larry J. Besson Allen L. Titus J. L. "Jim" Cook Florida France Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa

PHOTO NOT AVAILABLE

Michele Ferrara Clarence E. Blake David F. Abner Jim Wing Edward Roach, Jr. Charles C. Bender Alvan T. Fuller Francis L. Hopper Italy Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Mexico

/ '.a

Willard F. Coffey Stewart R. Kunde Mack Currie Samuel J. Salamon Richard A. Grant Gunnar Riis R. W. "Bob" Stewart George V. West Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire

John M. Neafsey Bennie Casaus John J. Harris John E. Houser, Jr. Milton W. Kane C. J. Burkholder, Jr. Clinton D. "Shag" Allen Robert D.Scott New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon

Richard J. Wilde F. Rodney Loper Alejo S. Santos Luis A. Andujar Robert Miles, Jr. Wilson Pendarvis Wayne M. Nesby Virgil C.Christa Panama Canal Pennsylvania Philippines Puerto Rico Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee

Waggoner Carr George E. Anderson, Jr. Edwin F. Barnard Edwin J. Dentz E. R. "Andy" Adams Paul Brewster Ernest A. Stark Robert C. Cooper Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming

28 National Executive Committeemen, 1982-83

National Chaplain are also members of the policy-making NEC body, with the Commander serving as chairman. In addition, all living and past National Andrew J. Cooper Robert G. Blair Louis M. Pellon Lawrence E. Fisher Robert L. Schwartz Commanders are life members of the Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Committee with a voice but no vote. The 58 Legion Departments include the 50 states, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Pan- ama, Mexico, Canada, The Philippines, Italy and France.

J. Archie Corriveau Charles Pat Smith Henry S. Bialoglowy Edward M. Knight Joseph G. Kelly Canada Colorado Connecticut Delaware Dist. of Columbia

A. L. Ulchar, Sr. William S. Lombardo W. D. Harrell Libert J. Pakele, Jr. George Serr John B. Mahoney Gilbert E. Sheeks Dale L. Renaud Florida France Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa

Frank C.Bottigliero U. S. "Udie" Grant J. Leslie Brown, Jr. Carroll B. Fields Anthony G. Jordan Calvin E. Patton John P. Comer Harry Wright

Italy Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Mexico

Donald C. Huntley Donald R. Schroedl Fred M. Ingellis William F.Liddle Pete J. Tuss Lewis L. Adams Chades F. Langel M. Ray Olmstead Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire

Warren R. Davies Robert W. Durand Richard M. Pedro Robert A. "Bob" Tart Q. R. Schulte W. Dean Scholl TomC. Smith T. Les Galloway New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon

Romeo J. Routhier Stephen J. Mikosky Ernesto P. Golez Roberto G. Vazquez John E. Demers, Sr. E.Roy Stone, Jr. Donald Clarke William B. Cain Panama Canal Pennsylvania Philippines Puerto Rico Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee

C. Lynn Steward W. E. Christoffersen Robert H.Vincelette Emmett B. Burley Frank V. Buzzell Jack T. Gribben Ervin Van Dyke Frank M.Shaffer Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming

29 THE AMERICAN LEGION December 1982

At right, Anne Hart and the U.S. Charge d'Affaires from the (left) and National American Embassy and went directly League ofFamilies into meetings with Lao officials from president Ann the Ministry of Interior (responsible for Griffiths study a piece internal security), the Ministry of ofaircraft wreckage National Defense, Ministry of Foreign found in the Southeast Affairs and Committee on Veterans and Asian jungle. Below, Social Welfare. They agreed to our Earl P. Hopper ofthe request to visit the site of an AC130 League looks at parts crash in Pakse (southern Laos) and ofa "mini-gun" found offered to take us to Vieng Sai in north- at a crash site near eastern Laos, the former Pathet Lao Pakse, Laos. headauarters during the war. During official talks with them, we raised the question of known American POWs in their country that have never been returned. We also held detailed discussions about several specific cases for which they should have had information. We stressed the importance of working with U.S. government specialists to investigate crash sites in an effort In Search to resolve individual cases. Finally, the delegation urged the Laotians to estab- America's POWs and MIAs in Southeast lish a permanent committee to work of America s Asia? Their three-week trip furnished with the U.S. government on resolution them with some answers, some frustra- of the POW/MIA issue. tions and some hope for resolving the The following day our group—accom- POWs and issues. Yet, as the following report panied by the press, the U.S. Charge shows, there's still much to be done and a delegation of Lao officials—flew before the books can ever be closed on by helicopter to Pakse, several hundred MIAs America's POWs and MIAs in Southeast kilometers south of Vientiane, to visit Asia. the nearby crash site of an AC130 that had been shot down in 1972. This was an The primary purpose of our trip was especially important trip since the hus- to seek a means to overcome the current band of delegation member Anne Hart stalemate between the U.S. and the was missing as a result of this crash. Indochinese governments on account- Never before had relatives or the U.S. ing for missing American servicemen government been permitted such a and civilians. visit. Another major purpose of our trip was At the crash site, we were met by to impress upon the Vietnamese and scores of Laotians from nearby, many Laotians the determination of the fami- carrying rifles and obviously uncertain lies to learn the fate of their loved ones about the arrival of our unusual delega- and to draw world attention to the tion. Aircraft fragments were found plight of the POW/MIAs. scattered over a wide area. Sifting The reactions of the Laotians and through the wreckage, two very small Vietnamese to our trip differed widely. pieces of what appeared to be skeletal Therefore, we'll examine each sepa- fragments were found. But there were rately in this report. no additional clues as to what happened to the 13-man crew. (One man was Laos known to have been killed, and two were By Ann Mills Griffiths Upon our arrival in Vientiane, we rescued at the time of the crash. But it is were met by Lao government officials not known how many others may have In early September of this year, a delega- parachuted from the plane.) tion from the National League of Fami- Following our return to Vientiane, lies ofAmerican Prisoners and Missing official meetings with the Laotian dele- in Southeast Asia traveled to Laos and There is no question that gation continued, during which we Vietnam. Their journey, made with the noted a definite change in their atti- approval of the U.S. government took Vietnam is withholding tude. That change indicated to us that them through jungles and over impass- information on our men. they had made the decision to proceed able mountain ranges in search, of with the discussions in a positive vein. answers to the question that still per- At this point, with many still plexes us all: What has happened to (Continued on page 34) 30 " THE AMERICAN LEGION December 1982 Homecoming '82

One of the early pleasures ofany National Commander's gathered there included, from left, Past Natl. Auxiliary year in office is the traditional homecoming celebration President Ray Shaw, Natl Auxiliary President June at which he gets the opportunity to thank his family, Stolte, Keller, Illinois Dept. Cdr. Larry Besson and June friends and supporters. Natl Cdr. Al Keller, Jr., didjust Czaja, wife ofIllinois Sr. Vice Cdr. Edward Czaja. In the that recently when he traveled back to Illinois and a photo at left, JimKissner presents Cdr. Keller with an rr gathering offriends. Above at right, during the homecom- oversized gavel bearing the inscription Speak softly but ing banquet in his honor, some ofthe 450 friends who carry a big stick.

NEC Meets For Fall Term At Indianapolis Headquarters

The National Executive Committee of March 16, 1984. • Resolution #25 supports model The American Legion met Oct. 13-14, at • Resolution #5 urges our govern- federal legislation that would affect National Headquarters in Indianapolis ment to provide adequate economic and those convicted of drunk driving by a and approved a variety of policy and military aid, in cooperation with other state and nationwide record-keeping administrative Resolutions. donor nations, to Costa Rica and Hon- system capable of identifying repeat Highlights of the two-day gathering duras to enable those countries to defeat offenders who are easily accessible to included an announcement by Natl. Communist aggression and solve their the courts; and by a program coordi- Cdr. Al Keller, Jr., that the addition of a economic problems. It further urges the nated with local communities that flag pole and statue had been approved administration to work closely with the includes adequate enforcement and for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in government of Guatemala to bring public information efforts, efficient Washington, D.C., by the federal Fine about conditions conducive to the arrest and adjudication procedures, Arts Commission and that nationwide resumption of military assistance to monitoring to assure compliance with plans for Legion participation in the that country and urges firm action to court ordered sanctions and pre-sen- National Salute To Vietnam Veterans isolate the Sandinista government of tence screening of offenders for sanc- Week, Nov. 10-14, were well underway. Nicaragua and defeat its efforts to sup- tioning purposes. (Complete coverage of that event will be port Communist subversion in Central In related actions, the National Exec- carried in next month's News For America. utive Committee increased the scholar- Legionnaires.) • Noting that while the armed forces ship awards for the National Oratorical Following are synopses of significant need high school graduates, they are Contest to $14,000 for 2nd place, $10,000 Resolutions enacted by the NEC: forbidden by some local school boards to for 3rd place, $8,000 for 4th place, • Noting that unemployment levels recruit in high schools, Resolution #7 $1,000 for each regional and sectional for veterans—especially Vietnam era supports legislation that would provide finalist. The $16,000 1st place award veterans—continues to remain high and the armed forces recruiters access on remains unchanged. that the U.S. government purchases the same basis as any other person or Noting that the Select Committee on and leases millions of dollars worth of group for the purpose of informing stu- Special Problems of the Veterans goods and services annually, Resolution dents of educational and career oppor- Affairs and Rehabilitation Commission #1 urges the General Services Admin- tunities available in the military. had fulfilled its duties, that committee istration to purchase and lease Ameri- • Resolutions were also passed urging was formally disbanded. There was also can manufactured goods. the VA Medical Center in Poplar Bluff, appointed a new Veteran's Planning • Resolution #2 petitions the United Mo., be renamed the "John J. Pershing and Coordinating Committee for the States Postal Service to issue a com- Veterans Administration Medical Cen- purpose of making short and long term memorative stamp honoring the 65th ter," and that funds be appropriated for recommendations in the areas of anniversary of The American Legion a new VA Medical Center at Houston, rehabilitation, economics and in the and that the stamp be issued on or about Texas. political fields. Q 31 THE AMERICAN LEGION December 1982 NEWS FOR LEGIONNAIRES

Legion Receives Reye's Award The National Reye's Syndrome Founda- tion has presented its Special Service Award to The American Legion's National Commission on Children and Youth for "service to children and young people." The presentation was made during the 1982 annual meeting ofthe National Reye's Syndrome Foundation in Des Moines, Iowa. Accepting the award on behalf of the Legion was Eugene Lind- quist (Minn.), chairman of the Legion Commission. John Dieckman, president of the National Reye's Syndrome Foundation said, "Without the help and cooperation several years ago from The American Legion and American Legion Auxiliary, our foundation would probably have not gotten off the ground." Reye's Syndrome is a complication of a viral infection, measles and chicken pox that affects children 18 years and younger. The death rate is 22 percent. The cause, cure and prevention are unknown. The key to surviving the infection is in early detection and hospitalization. NEC OK's Insurance Benefit, Coverage Hikes The National Executive Committee has approved a motion to continue the previously announced 20 percent increase in benefits payable under the American Legion Life Insurance Plan for 1983 and an increase in the number of insurance units an individual may purchase from eight to 10, in multiples of one unit. The action came during the Fall Meet- ings following indications by the insur- Many Legion Posts around the country have found that a good way to encourage ance companies participating in the community spirit is through a program ofrecognizing local businesses that plan that they are willing to make the regularly fly the American flag. Members ofHobbs-Ogle-PowerPost41 in Clinton, increases in coverage and benefits to Okla., honor not only the local businesses, but family homes as well. Besides meet the needs of American Legion providing the recipients with a certificate recognizing their commitment to flying members. Both changes become effec- the flag every day, businesses and residents receive a copy ofthe federal flag code to tive Jan. 1, 1983. help them ensure they are displaying the flag properly. During one such presentation Legionnaire Maxine Boyd is shown presenting the Post's certificate to TAPS employees ofa local fast food restaurant. The Taps Notice mentions, whenever possible, those Legionnaires who have teeman (1952-53), Department Com- National Executive Committeeman held high National or Department mander (1948-49). (1963-65). Office in the Legion, United States gov- Keith George Sevellius, Kan. Robert Anthony Francis, Sr., Fla. ernment, or other forms of national Department Commander (1955-56). Department Vice Commander prominence. William C. Kesting, Md. Depart- (1973-74). David E. Kisliuk, D.C. National ment Commander (1982), Department Grandin E. Drake, Panama Executive Committeeman (1953-54), Vice Commander (1980-82). National Security Council Vice Chair- Alternate National Executive Commit- Dr. Fred N. Daugherty, Ind. man (1974-81). 32 THE AMERICAN LEGION December 1982

McCullough, Jr., 932 Curry Dr., Macon, GA 31211 (912) OUTFIT REUNIONS 743-2396 Texas' Ed Riedel is "L" Co., 21st Inf.Regt., 24th Inf. Div. (1950-51) (Apr-San Antonio, Robert Anderson, 4700 Stringfellow, Apt 1307, Reunion will be held in month indicated. For particulars write TX), San Antonio, TX 78223 (512) 532-6601 Month's Legionnaire person whose address is given. Notices accepted on official forms only. For form send stamped self-addressed envelope toO.R. Form; American Legion Magazine, P.O. Box 1055, Indianapolis, IN Navy 46206. Notices must be received five months before scheduled reunion. Earliest submissions are favored when the volume of Naval Aviation Class 49-57 (Apr-Pensacola, FL), Robert Ewing, 255-4382 notices is too great to print them all. Notice of Outfit Reunions are 173 Monte Vista Dr., Napa, CA 94558 (707) run only once during a calendar year. SLCU 34 (Acorn 29, Ulithi, Western Caroline Islands) (WWII) (May-Virginia Beach, VA), Jack Knox, 708 Monument Rd., Pine Beach. NJ 08741 (201) 349-1636 Army USS Evans (DD 552) (May-Mobile, AL), Larry Dick, I610A Sylvan Ave., Modesto, CA 95355 (209) 524-7488 121st Inf. Regt. Assn. (May-Macon, GA), James Brake, 1069 Mim- osa Dr., Macon, GA 31204 (912) 742-0054 189th Field Arty. (Apr-Oklahoma City), Neal Dodds, 2405 S.E. Air Force 5th, Edmond, OK 73034 (405) 341-5411 82nd Bomb Sq., 12th Bomb Group (Apr-Orlando, FL), Monroe 208th MP Co. (Apr-Houston), Jim Waters, Box 936, Lufkin, TX Schwartz, 956 Bay Esplanade, Clearwater Beach, FL 33515 (813) 75901 (713) 632-3361 446-8971 258th Engr. (C) Bn. Society (Apr-Harrisburg, PA), Mrs. Philip Flight Line Personnel (Muroc AFB, 1944-45) (May-Branson, Gallagher, 127 Evergreen St., Mt. Holly, NJ 08060 (609) MO), Howard Haney, St. Rt. 5, Box 267, Houston, MO 65483 267-2270 (417) 967-2379 278th Regt. Combat Team (1950-52) (Mar-Gatlinburg, TN), James Stalag Luft III (Amer. Ex-Pows) (Apr-Chicago), Robert Wein- Amett, Jr., AbnerCruze Rd., Rt. 16, Knoxville, TN 37920 (615) berg, 1235 Linden Ave., Highland Park, IL 60035 (312)432-5972 577-8229 652nd Tank Destroyer Bn. (May-San Antonio, TX), Col. C.W. Smith, Ret., 70 W. Clinton Dr., Batde Creek, MI 49107 (616) MISCELLANEOUS

964-0210 North Dakota I wo Jima Vets Assn. ( Feb- Fargo, ND). Lee Grav. R.

805th Engr. Avn. Bn. (WWII) (Mar-Davenport, FL), Bud Mohr, 1 B 110A, Hankinson, ND 58041 (701) 242-8284 Poverty Pitch, Oxford, NY 13830 (607) 843-W75 1397th Engrs. (WWII) (May-Omaha, NE), Howard Morris, Box 264, Hershey, NE 69143 (308) 368-7479 G.I. Bill Payments "C" Co., 4th Arm'd Div. (1945-46) (Ft. Knox, KY) (Feb-Ft. Dodge, IA), Keith Vietor, Box 102, Tenstrike, MN 56683 (218) Single veterans going to school fuli- 586-2027 "E" Co., 187th Inf., 11th A/B Div. (Orig. Members) (Feb-Ana- time under the GI Bill receive $342 per Ed Riedel heim, CA), Pat Kenny, 213 Myrtle St., Myrtle Beach, SC 29577 month in Veterans Administration (803) 448-5560 "HQ" Co., 59th Inf. Brig. Assn. (May-Macon, GA), J.C. training benefits. A World War I veteran, who demon- strates an uncanny ability at being the best "vote counter" in Legion elections, has been selected Legionnaire of the Month for December. Ed Riedel of San Angelo, Texas, past Texas Dept. Cdr. and a member of James J. Goodfellow Post 32 has—during his 54 years of Legion membership—become a prominent figure to Texas Legion- naires. Besides serving as Dept. Cdr. in 1940, he was a member of the Dept.'s Finance Committee for 15 years and was designated Chairman Emeritus after he stepped down. He was his Post's Cdr, on three separate occasions and served as Assistant Treasurer for the Dept. for many years. As for his "vote counting" abilities, various sources describe his abilities to predict Legion elections the Saturday night before the vote as absolutely amazing. As the "seer" of Texas Legion elections, Ed can usually be found at Dept. Conventions surrounded by clam- oring delegates seeking his prognos- tications. Fellow Legionnaires note Ed has been prominent in caring for underprivileged children and was instrumen- tal in the construction of a permanent camp that today is operated for the benefit of the underprivileged children of West Texas. Besides his Legion work, Ed has also been active in the Boy Scout They say it's not the size of the gift that counts, but the spirit with which it is program, the Salvation Army and the given. In this case, the size and amount ofthe gift are both worthy of note. Fairlawn American Red Cross. Post 42 in Pawtucket, R.I., may have only 54 members, but that didn't stop them Ed served in the Army during World from recently donating a $5,000 patient bathing system to the Rhode Island War I in the Coast Artillery and was Veterans Home in Bristol. Shown accepting the gift from Post Cdr. Clarence Mayer honorably discharged a sergeant in is veterans home staff member Roz Pontes. 1918. 33 THE AMERICAN LEGION December 1982 NEWS FOR LEGIONNAIRES

In Search of America's POWs and MIAs COMRADES IN DISTRESS

Readers who can help these veterans are urged to do so. Usually a Continued from page 30 statement is needed in support of a VA claim.

Notices are run only at the request of American Legion Service Officers representing claimants, using Search for Witness Forms unanswered questions in Laos (and the tatives, we discussed in depth five files available only from State Legion Service Officers. Please contact

CID# , The American Legion Magazine, P.O. Box trip to northern Laos still to come) we on specific individuals missing in Viet- 1055, 700 Pennsylvania St. , Indianapolis, Ind. 46206. were required to interrupt our trip in nam. In all five cases, the Vietnamese Radar Alert Station, Alaska. Robert W Kwiatkowski is seeking Laos and travel to Vietnam after efforts had announced shooting down the plane witnesses to verify a claim that while stationed at Cape Lisbume, Alaska in 1953-54 he suffered from undue mental stress and to reschedule our visit there failed. or capturing the pilot. We also turned pressure while on a mountain. Contact CID 819 Returning to Laos on September 23, over additional case files for follow-up Carentan, France. George Yakel needs witnesses to verify a claim that while stationed at Carentan, France in 1946 he suffered a back we flew to Vieng Sai where we found the investigation and a complete list of all injury from a truck accident. Contact CID 820 224th Med. Co., 17th Airborne Div. John G. Munson, Jr. needs cliffs missing huge and massive cave complexes Americans. witnesses to verify a claim that while stationed at Camp Mac kali, that had been the Pathet Lao headquar- It was stressed to the Vietnamese that N.C. in 1943, he was injured by a dynamite explosion. Contact CID 821 ters for many years during the war. We relationships between our two countries 3286th QM Ser. Co. Grady L. Yarbro is seeking witnesses to verify a claim that while stationed at Ft. Dix, N.J. in 1943-44, he were told that two American military would improve with their cooperation. suffered from a severe skin condition. Contact CID 822 POWs had been held in the caves but They were also urged to meet with U.S. 79th lac. Ftr. Sq. Roger G. Auman needs witnesses to verify a claim that while stationed at Tuslog, Turkey in 1969, he fell from a died of malnutrition in 1968. The Lao- officials on a regularly scheduled basis parked aircraft striking his head on the pavement. Contact CID 823 tians claimed the two Americans had to work toward resolution of the issue. VR 6. Charles W. Bigelow needs witnesses to verify a claim that been buried nearby, but that the site After we left Hanoi, the Vietnamese while stationed at Westover AFB, Mass., he injured his back while crating an engine. Contact CID 824 and witnesses were later destroyed by Foreign Minister announced that his 879th Airborne Engr. Bn. Paul James Smith needs witnesses to verify a claim that in 1944 while on a troop ship he was hospi- U.S. bombs. country would accept the U.S. proposal talized for heart trouble. Contact CID 825 We were also told that civilian POW to meet four times a year on the POW/ Base Security. John Francis Haldeman needs witnesses to verify a claim that while stationed at Camp Carter, DaNang in 1968, he Eugene DeBruin was killed by local vil- MIA accounting question. suffered injury when he fell from a tower during a red alert. Contact CID 826 lagers during an escape attempt, a responses to questions SRV our were 97th Tac. Hosp., Powerman School. William M. Nau is seeking claim that remains unsubstantiated, as generally what had been said in the witnesses to verify claims that while stationed at Cheyenne, Wy. in 1951, he fell from a 25 foot pole during training and in 1954 are the deaths of the two U.S. military past: the U.S. has a hostile attitude while stationed at El Paso, Tex., he injured his back while working in hospital supply. Contact CID 827 POWs. toward Vietnam, searches for the miss- In our final meeting with the Lao- ing are difficult, U.S. cooperation with tians, they indicated a willingness to set China in their aggression toward Viet- LIFE MEMBERSHIPS up a permanent POW/MIA committee nam poses problems, etc. They again The award of a life membership to a Legionnaire by a Post is a testimonial by those who know best that such a member has served to with represen- said that all in work U.S. government Americans Vietnam had the American Legion well. tatives on the issue. They also said posi- been released and they denied withhold- Below are listed some of the previously unlisted life membership tive consideration would be given to a ing remains of the dead. Post awards that have been reported to the editors. renewed U.S. government invitation to Julius Schindler (1981), Robert Jardine (1982), Post 76, Ukiah, visit the Central Identification Labora- Overall, the trip exceeded our expec- Calif. Marie O'Donnell (1982), Post 295, Cypress, Calif. tory and Joint Casualty Resolution Cen- tations since we approached the visits Wilbur P. Leonard (1981), Post 514, Piedmont, Calif. ter in Hawaii. understanding that con- J.T. Akins, J.B. Crawford, Walter J. Zoellner (1982), Post 216, agreement was Atlanta, Ga. sidered by the SRV to be in their self- Fred DeStefano (1982), Post 280. Benton, III Vietnam Ralph C. Norman (1982), Post 371, Williamsfield, 111. interest. We made clear to both Laos Leo F. Ruble (1982), Post 660, Maroa, Dl. Upon arrival in Hanoi, the SRV and Vietnam that we and the U.S. gov- Rcmijus D. Stoens, Lester Spangler (1982), Post 661, Washburn, 111. (Socialist Republic of Vietnam) repre- ernment are serious and that their William Talbot (1982), Post 1261, Des Plaines, III. Roscoe Thurston, Robert W. Beatty (1972), Harry L. Brown, sentatives presented an initial agenda efforts, or lack thereof, on this issue will Frank R. Jackman (1975), Ermel G. Crews (1978), Post 76, to us that included trips to directly affect future relations French Lick, Ind. Ho Chi Minh between Robert Robertson (1982), Post 56, Boone, Iowa City (Saigon), visits to hospitals, schools our countries. Albert Ellsworth, Harold E. Hall, Harry A. Hannaford, Thomas W. Heslop, Joseph D. Levasseur, Alexander L. Robertson, and other such events unrelated to our There is no question in our minds that Guy B. Walker (1982), Post 112, Oxford, Maine. Francis Sullivan, Alexander Usenia, Allan Holbrook primary purpose. Vietnam is withholding information J. (1980). We immediately on Philip Marino (1982), Post 367, Medway, Mass. rejected the agenda and stated our wish our men. While the recent announce- Walter J. Jane, Henry Reed (1982), Post 51, Buchanan, Mich. David Carrol] (1981), Robert Williamson (1982), Post 48, Hudson, to meet with representatives from the ment of four-a-year meetings on the N.H. John Suiter, Richard McCauley (1982), Post 293, Warren, N.J. Vietnamese Office for Seeking Missing POW/MIA issue is welcome, real prog- J. Carlton J. Bell, Frank N. Ostrander (1981) . John P. Fautz, Ernest Persons (the VNOSMP—the committee ress will be measured by cooperation M. Rowe, Daniel A. Bittner, Jr. (1982), Post 150, Kingston, N.Y. responsible for their POW/MIA with the U.S. government in future Vito D. Tarulli (1982), Post 342, Freeport, N.Y. A. A. MacCallum, John F. Dolan, Robert G. French, Jr., accounting) and other senior officials in technical discussions. William C. Hofner, Ronald J. Kasperek, Herbert Jurek, Mar- the government. In the case of Laos, there is reason for tin Moot (1982), Post 527, Hamburg, N.Y. Victor Orto (1982), Post 533, Corinth, N.Y.

Augustine Argennia, John E. Barrett , Post 1007 Leicester, From that time forward, and through- optimism. The State Department is (1982) , N.Y. out the week-long visit, the Vietnamese terming the visit a "major break- J.R. Benson, Irvin E. Bridges, M.F. Carney, Benjamin C. Fuss- were cooperative, granting many of our through." It appears the Laotians are ell, Ben Hatfield, Jasper T. Meshaw, N.G. Neeley, W.F. Mur- phy, D.J. Padrick, Ferdinand J. Siefke (1982), Post 10. requests, including visits to the war willing to address this issue and the Wilmington, N.C. Steve Kover (1982), Post 473, Copley, Ohio is memorial museum, the alleged site of a United States now considering initia- John Gallek, Michael Holupka (1982), Post 18, Slickville, Pa. B52 crash and meeting with responsible tives to improve the relationship Linfred L. Schuttler (1981), Claude H. Banks, (1982), Post 164, Spearfish, S.D. officials. One request not granted us between our two countries. The result Harold W. Bartlett, William T. Counos, Herbert W. Reed (1982), Post 1, St. Albans, Vt. was to visit the VNOSMP office/head- will directly affect our ability to obtain F. Arthur Anderson, Norman Goodsir, Paul J. Iambrix, James quarters. an accounting of Americans missing in Fox, Wallace Gilford. William Walls (1982). Post 166, Tumwa- ter. Wash. In talks with the VNOSMP represen- Laos. © William Putich (1982), Post 10, Weirton, W.Va.

34 THE AMERICAN LEGION December 1982

The Supreme Court Of Money

(Continued from page 23)

market. The Hunt brothers borrowed additional funds into reserve accounts. "In essence, when there is less bor- heavily from U.S. and foreign banks to There is then less money available for rowing, there is less business activity, finance their purchases. When the price consumer borrowing and, consequently, higher unemployment. Financing a of silver suddenly dropped pre- higher interest rates. This leads to house, a car, a new business venture cipitously, the Hunts were awash in lower demand for housing and con- becomes a virtual impossibility for peo- losses. sumer goods. ple of average means," explains Law- Again, the Federal Reserve stepped With fewer banks lending, businesses rence Slifman, an assistant director of in quickly to avoid a debacle that could cut back production and payrolls and, research and statistics for the Fed. have damaged the entire U.S. and inter- eventually, spending for new factories Nevertheless, the Fed is convinced national financial system. It, instructed and equipment. that its course is the right one, and that major banks to raise $1.1 billion to bail State and local governments also feel in the passage oftime, the U.S. economy out the Hunts and their creditors. The the pinch and cut back on spending for will be stabilized and return to slow but Fed cautioned banks to avoid large wages and capital projects such as roads steady growth. loans that involved commodity and schools. The entire economy slows "Americans under 40 years of age speculation. down. have grown up never knowing anything Should the United States undergo a but higher prices and inflation. That damaging nuclear attack, the Federal has to be changed once and for all," com- Reserve has a detailed plan for speedy Structure of the ments Norman Bernard, art economist reconstruction of financial markets. All and special assistant to the Federal 12 Federal Reserve Banks have emer- Federal Reserve Reserve Board. gency operating facilities. The Kansas "Paradoxically, perhaps, the Ameri- City bank, for instance, would continue The Federal Reserve Bank was cre- can economy, despite its mariy prob- to function from the bottom ofthe Carey ated by an act of Congress in 1913 as a lems, still works pretty well. Ifyou don't Salt Mine in Hutchinson, Kan., where quasi-independent branch of govern- think so, just look at Israel, Argentina, several hundred bank employees could ment. The Banking Act of 1935 fur- Brazil. They have inflation rates that work for a period of months. Food, ther defined its powers. The would be unthinkable in this country," clothing and sleeping bags have been Secretary of the Treasury and the adds Bernard. stocked, along with communications Comptroller of the Currency were Sohie of the Fed's critics are less san- equipment. removed from the Fed's board of gov- guine about current economic condi- As part of a national emergency pre- ernors, freeing it from political pres- tions. A construction trade paper paredness plan, each Federal Reserve sure from the executive branch. recently charged the Fed with "pre- bank has a vault full ofmicrofiche copies Currently, the Fed reports on its meditated and cold-blooded murder of of current bank records. Following any activities twice a year to the House millions of small businesses, and kid- nuclear blast, the Treasury Department and Senate banking committees. It napping and holding for ransom the would ban cash withdrawals "except for would take a joint resolution of Con- American dream of honie ownership." those purposes, and not in excess of gress to change the direction of the Sen. Edward Kennedy, D-Mass., those amounts, for which cash is cus- Fed; something that is highly thinks the Fed should be made part of tomarily used." unlikely. the Treasury Department. Congres- At its main relocation site near All of the nation's 43,000-odd sional spokesmen have advocated that Culpepper, Va., the Fed has a large banks must, by law, maintain a por- the Fed be disbanded and monetary pol- stockpile of currency, ready to be issued tion oftheir deposit liabilities as cash icy be put in direct control of the Presi- to replace any destroyed funds. A gen- reserves, either in the form of depos- dent or Congress. Ten state legislatures eral freeze order would be issued by the its at their Reserve Bank or in cash have called for the repeal of the Federal government immediately following any in their own vaults. Reserve Act. "Take a stick and run such attack, freezing prices, wages and The income of the Federal Reserve Volcker out of the country," suggests an rents. system is derived primarily from irate Western cattle rancher. "Victory in a nuclear war will belong interest accrued on U.S. Government Taking the overview, a nation is like a to the country that recovers first," says securities that the Fed acquired family. To ensure the future, the family a booklet distributed to banks by the through open market operations. has to save a goodly portion of its income Federal Reserve System, "and the In 1981, operating on a budget of today and invest it in tomorrow. In our financial community will bear a heavy $897 million, the 12 Reserve Banks factories, in our homes, in Washington, burden of responsibility in effecting a and their branches showed a profit of we must put aside the funds for the rapid recovery." more than $14 billion, which was years ahead. Despite a climate of steep recession, paid to the U.S. Treasury. William McChesny Martin, a former the Fed, since 1979, has pursued a policy The President exercises some con- Fed chairman, has said, "The Fed's job is of restrained monetary growth, some- trol over the Fed by appointing the to remove the punch bowl just when the thing that has led to unprecedented chairman for a four-year term and party has started to swing into high high interest rates, making it tough on six board members for 14-year terms. gear." borrowers, particularly the little guy. The board of governors supervises Right now, the Fed is like the conser- Here's how the power ofthe Fed damp- the operations of the 12 regional vative, penny-pinching father, keeping a ens the economy and affects the purse of Federal Reserve Banks, and has tight rein on the kids' allowance money. every citizen. major responsibility for formulating But if the kids keep borrowing from the Reacting to a tight money supply, all national monetary policy. cookie jar, tomorrow's prosperity will be of the nation's banks must, by law, put a vanishing dream. O

35 December 1982

For All World War II Sweethearts! Christmas At Valley Forge

(Continued from page 15)

running out. Congress had fixed the was typical of many others, bare feet daily rations for the Continental Army visible through torn shoes, legs nearly at a pound and a half of flour or bread, a naked, his breeches insufficient to cover pound of meat or fish, or three-fourths of him completely. a pound of pork, and a half-pint of whis- Some of the farm folks in the area key or spirits. Since their arrival at Val- were horrified by the appearance of the ley Forge, the soldiers had had no meat. young soldiers—but not all. One-third of Waldo heard a group of soldiers chant- the civilians favored the patriots' cause, ing from down the line oftents and huts: another third disapproved and the rest "No meat! No meat!" Others took it up were undecided. One resident who Vera Lynn and soon the entire camp joined in the yearned for independence was a feisty gripes. Wiseacres among them began grandmother who lived south of the val- imitating the sounds of crows and owls ley, but her name has been lost in If You Remember The War which mingled with the rhythmic cry. history. You Will Never Forget Waldo wrote in his diary: "The Distant Yet day after day she mounted her Her Famous Records vales Echo'd back the melancholy horse and rode from house to house, col- sound." That day, he had walked among lecting what she could for the soldiers. Enjoy Again All Her them and asked: "What have you for She begged, cajoled, browbeat when \£ra rLynn Heart-Touching Magic your dinners, boys?" necessary. "They are destitute, shiver- For the millions of sol- "Nothing but fire cake and water, ing in the cold," she pleaded. "Give diers and their wives and sir." what you can." She galloped away with girls who were separated Fire cake was a soggy mess, barely wornout clothing, old blankets, balls of during World War II, now edible, made by mixing flour and water yarn and when she had all she and her Htr Wforid Fmvmxm comes a treasury of un- equaled memories ... the and baked, not in an oven, but in the horse could carry, she returned home. Every Song An magical recordings of fireplace. Working often until dawn, she All-Time Favorite Vera Lynn. An orderly came in with Waldo's own patched and sewed the clothing, making During the war years AUF WIEDERSEHN, dinner, a bowl of beef soup. He looked at them wearable and comfortable, SWEETHEART and for 2 decades after- WHITE CLIFFS wards Vera Lynn's heart- it with distaste. It was full of burnt reworked torn blankets, knit new feet OF DOVER touching voice made her leaves and dirt. In disgust, he told the for stockings. Then, after an hour or two NOW IS THE HOUR one of the greatest sing- FARAWAY PLACES man to take it away. He was vomiting of sleep, she mounted again and rode off ing stars America has WE'LL MEET AGAIN half the time as it was. to the encampment where she dis- ever known. AMONG MY no different. "What tributed largesse. Often, too, SOUVENIRS Who will forget THE Next day was the she AS TIME GOES BY WHITE CLIFFS OF have you got for breakfast, lads?" And would collect food on her rounds and BEAUTIFUL ISLE DOVER ... NOW IS THE the answer came: "Fire cake and water, give it to the ravenous troops. OF SOMEWHERE HOUR ...WE'LL MEET sir." Angrily Waldo wrote in his diary: Not once did she get lost on her way to DRIFTING AGAIN ...AUF WIEDER- & DREAMING "The Lord send that our Commissary of the camp, even though the snow YOURS SEHN, SWEETHEART... and all the rest? live on Fire and the path. FROM THE TIME Purchases may Cake obscured There were always YOU SAY GOODBYE Enjoy them all over water, 'till their glutted Gutts are landmarks to guide her, she told her THE HOME again! No recordings will turned to Pasteboard!" children years later. COMING WALTZ so deeply stir your memo- THE ANNIVERSARY ries and touch your heart Scarcity in the immediate region was "What?" they would ask. WALTZ exquisitely. but one reason food was short. Quietly she responded: "I could trace TONIGHT so why SIDE BY SIDE Offer May Not There were others. Not all farmers were the way foraging parties had taken by WHEN I GROW TOO backing the patriots' cause. Business the marks of bleeding feet on the white OLD TO DREAM Be Repeated SOMETHING TO If you don't play this beauti- was business, and they preferred to sell snow." ful album more than any REMEMBER YOU BY whatever meat and produce they had to As the temperature plunged, the suf- you've ever owned . . . and en- I'LL ALWAYS BE IN LOVE WITH YOU joy it more ... it won't cost you the British in Philadelphia, who paid fering intensified and illness ran ram- 3 Song Medley: a penny. But please order higher prices. And not the least, the pant throughout the army. Daily, scores SOMEWHERE yours now. It's not sold in ALONG THE WAY stores at any price and we sometimes muddy and often icy roads of soldiers were taken to the medical HERE IN MY HEART may not repeat this advertise- made transportation of anything all but huts where doctors worked heroically, LET THE REST OF ment in this publication. Mail impossible for the wagoners. but there was little they could do to ease THE WORLD GOBY the no-risk coupon today. The army had long since run out of the ceaseless vomiting, cool the burning MAIL TODAY • NOT IN STORES clothing supplies, having fought in New fevers or restore life to frozen limbs. The Suffolk Marketing Inc., Dept. VL-20 York and Brandywine without new sick were fed what little mutton was 360 Lexington Avenue issues. The troops' battle-torn uniforms available, given an ounce or two of York, N.Y 10017 New were threadbare, exposing bare skin to grog—an unsweetened mixture of water Please rush me the VERA LYNN album on your uncondi- the cutting winds. Shoes were worn out and spirits—and then placed on bare tional guarantee that it must be the most beautiful album I've ever heard or you will refund my purchase price. and many had thrown away useless ground, most without covering of any kind. Hospital supplies and medicines I enclose $7.98. Send Record Album. stockings. I enclose $9.98. Send 8-Track Tape. One soldier named Will came to. were virtually non-existent.

I enclose $9.98. Send Cassette Tape. Waldo's hut for treatment. "I'm sick," Col. John Laurens, aide to Gen. Wash- NAME the man told him. "My feet are lame, ington, walked through the hospital my legs are sore, my body is covered huts two days before Christmas, giving ADDRESS. with this tormenting itch." There was what comfort he could to the sick, then CITY .STATE. -ZIP- little the doctor could do. The soldier wrote to his father Henry Laurens, who

36 . . .

THE AMERICAN LEGION

Guaranteed Protection Against Chilling Cold and icy Winds ... OR YOUR MONEY BACK! had just been elected president of the Continental Congress: "Their legs and feet froze until they became black and it THERMALL was often necessary to amputate them." That same day, the surgeons made a COLD WEATHER PROTECTION SUIT count and reported to Washington that a total of 2,898 men were unfit for duty, New. Lightweight Polymer Material Retains nearly a fourth of the entire army. Men Body Heat as wind & water "Bounce" Off It! with contagious diseases were taken to nearby barns and Baptist and Quaker The Therm-All Suit is the perfect answer to really meeting houses, but still more room was cold days and shivering, sleepless nights. Minutes needed. after you slip into it, your Pody will be bathed in The day before Christmas, hundreds soft, glowing warmth. The 2-Diece Therm-All Suit is attractively contoured and full bodied for were borne to the small town of Beth- maximum wearing comfort . . . designed to Ironically, lehem, about 12 miles away. have a soothing effect against aches caused by there was not enough room to house the cold, dampness and rapid temperature drop. sick there either. GREAT FOR SLEEPING THE SECRET OF THE Officers fared a little better than the OR LOUNGING AROUND THERM-ALL SUIT The material men, but not much. Washington himself use your Therm-All Suit as pajamas, used in Therm-All Suits is a light- for sleeping, or as an attractive gar- weight, strong polymer plastic that was quartered in a small apartment. ment in which to relax or lounge seals in your natural body heat about, it will keep you cozy warm while it keeps cold and wind out. He, too, was anguished in mind as well regardless of how cold the tempera- Tie around neck plus elastic' round ture around you. waist, wrist and ankles insure snug as body. The day before Christmas, he fit. Tested and proven by tens of IDEAL FOR OUTDOORS. thousands of satisfied users. street and walked through a company SPORTS when WORK OR A SIZE FOR EVERY saw a soldier dash from one hut to worn under your clothes, Therm-All serves as superior, heat retaining MEMBER OF THE FAMILY underwear, you II laugh at the cold another. Around his almost nude body There s no need to be locked in- ONLY as you work outdoors, watch foot- doors during the coldest of days. ?9.95 he had wrapped a tattered blanket, Pall games or other outdoor sport- Take your family with you to all out- ammmmmiii ing events, while you hunt or ice- door sports, camping, hiking, feet. fish, while skiing, jogging, or hiking below which were his bare legs and snowmobiling, etc. Therm-All Suits UNCONDITIONAL 30 DAY . . even while just walking in Pone- are available in small, medium and MONEY BACK CUARANTEE Christmas Day dawned. During the chilling weather. large sizes, for every member of the You must be completely satisfied, family. night, Waldo was awakened from a rest- in every way, with your Therm-All SAVE ON HEATING COSTS Suits if not. return them within 30 less sleep. He peered through the chinks while wearing your Therm-All suit, MACHINE WASHABLE davs for a full product refund you can lower your thermostat or Sturdy construction will stand up in the wall of his hut and saw that snow even shut it off completely and still under numerous washings. No stay as warm as you wish to Pe. You shrinking, no fading Should last for had begun to fall. By morning, the could save hundreds of dollars, year years after year on heating Dills. encampment was covered with a four- I SATISFACTION GUARANTEED OR MONEY BACK I inch white blanket. THERM-ALL Co., Dept. 4976 10-10 44th Ave., Long Island City, N.Y. 11101

Many miles away, the Pennsylvania Please send me Therm-All Suits, I understand that it I am not families prepar- completely delighted in every way, I can return them within 30 days lor a Dutch farm had been tull refund of purchase price. $9.95 each plus $1.50 shipping (total ing their Yule festivities for days. The $1 1.45) SPECIAL! ANY TWO for $19.95 Postpaid (Save $2.95) OTY kitchens were filled with palate-tan- talizing smells of newly baked cookies, succulent smoked hams, roast goose Send check or M O. to THERM-ALL, or charge to my VISA fairly bursting with their fruit stuffings j MASTER CARD and turkeys plump with mashed Account # Expire Date potatoes in their insides, huge loaves of Name round homemade bread and the won- Address drous shoofly pie. All of this would be devoured that afternoon. City _ State _ -Zip

| U Y Residents Add Sales Tax There also would be cider, hot and I mulled to warm the bellies, served with little cakes for the guests and, of course, the juniper trees that had been chopped WANTED down the day before. The balsam fir, INFORMATION on the the most popular tree used today, would not come into popularity until the next Lago, Lagoe, Lego, Legault century. The juniper stood on the din- FOR PERMANENT families living in the southern ing room table and was trimmed with IT FUND RAISING part of Province of Quebec, good things to eat, such as bright red Easy way to raise money for your Organization Canada and northern part of apples, nuts, popcorn on strings and feps because everyone has fun playing BINGO! New York State, during the Thousands of Organizations are making up to cookies shaped like stars, bells and Eg $500.00 per week using "BINGO KING" supplies period between 1775 and 1875. angels. and FREE Idea Bulletins. Write for FREE catalog Eg All information will be appreci- and details on raising money for Organiza- In other homes throughout the colo- gp your fc^ tion. ated and acknowledged. Write: nies, especially the South, there were PLEASE GIVE NAME OF ORGANIZATION. DENNIS A. LAGO lights, greenery and much feasting, too. f 9 BIlVGO JtHXTSTCl- P.O. Box 52 Families had decorated their living Dept. LE8Z, Box 2499, LITTLETON, COLO. 80161 Syracuse, N.Y. 13201 Continued. . .

37 December 1982 AMERICAN VETERANS'

on his . discover 1983 . . Cohtinued prise to Washington areas with holly branches, the shining knees in earnest prayer." Potts returned green of the leaves and the red of the home and told his wife Sarah he was CALENDAR berries a cheery reminder of the day. convinced that God, through Wash- While Christmas was a simpler holiday ington, will "work out a great salvation then, and surely less commercial, it was for America." a happy celebration. There were visits Washington rose and walked back to from friends and relatives who lived the camp. Some soldiers saw him and he afar, religious services and gifts, though went to speak to them. With his six-foot, only for the children. heavy-boned frame and his massive,

\ But there Was none of this for the rag- strongly sculptured head, he towered ged soldiers at Valley Forge, not even for over them. His reddish-brown hair their commander. framed a square, deeply lined face, Only a few years before, George ruddy from windburn and slightly Washington and Martha had celebrated marked by smallpox. the day at their plantation at Mount He was an imposing figure, intimidat- Vernon with a houseful of guests. Mar- ing to many, but a gentleness had taken tha, a marvelous cook, had spent days over now. His gray-blue eyes had a look making her famous Christmas cake, of deep understanding in them. He which required no fewer than 40 eggs. talked softly to the men, made no And George prided himself on mixing a speech, offered no exhortations, yet his delectable egg nog, doubtless heavily dignity, concern and above all his spiked with spirits. Martha's son and strength and quiet confidence was more daughter, Jack and Patsy Custis—she reassuring than any speech. was a widow with two children when On that Christmas day, and the even they wed—squealed over their presents, bleaker days that were to follow, this an expensive fiddle, a miniature stable tall man who walked among them with with toy horses and a real, tiny coach, a lithe grace developed on the wilder- which Washington had imported from ness trails sustained the ragged, shiver- England. ing men in their dreadful ordeal. His But that was yesteryear. This Christ- own power.and courage were communi- mas, Washington's holiday dinner, such cated to them as though by transfusion. as it was, was served at three in the Those starving, freezing, desperately afternoon. All of his dinner hours were sick youths, seeing him and feeling his set for that time because it Was still light strength, were able to reach within and there would be no need for candles, themselves and find there deep new which were being hoarded like scarce wells of endurance to bear their loads. rubies. That night, there was a lull in the Dinner consisted of whatever meat screeching winds. In the unusual still- was available, which was not much, ness, the sound of a lone violin floated frozen potatoes and, best of all, bread through the encampment playing a baked by Christopher Liudwig, a former would have been TWELVE ORIGINAL 9 V X 11" DRAWINGS sweet melody the men PATRIOTIC SCENES • WWI. WWII. KOREA. VIET NAM Philadelphia caterer who had cajoled a singing at home on Christmas with their nearby farmer to let him use his oven. In wives, sweethearts and families. The Iwo Jima, D Day Landing. U S S. Arizona. Inch on. Argonne, Khe-Sahn. tanks, subs, and more. place of Martha's famous cake, dessert troops listened in silence. Some wept. was a bowl of hickory nuts. As he always The tune ended on a mournful note. ARMY * NAVY * AIR FORCE * MARINES did, Washington reached out, grabbed The wind picked up. The men tried to FINE DRAWINGS. ALL SIGNED BY THE ARTIST, THAT some and cracked them with his huge sleep, hunger gnawing at them. There CAN BE FRAMED AND HUNG. bare hands. meal was soon finished Christmas dinner that day; AN EXCELLENT CHRISTMAS PRESENT FOR ANY VETERAN The had been no and the commander left. provisions had run out. There wasn't Only 54 00 plus $ 1 00 postage and handling for each calendar. Orders of 5 or more calendars, postage and As dusk neared, he walked into the even flour to make fire cake. handling free. woods behind his quarters, lost in More hardships lay ahead, but the MONEY BACK GUARANTEE thought. Many hundreds of yards from patriots never lost their confidence. A the camp, surrounded by the tall, bare disciplined, resourceful Army, strong in MAIL THIS COUPON trees, he fell to his knees that Christmas its resolve, marched away from Valley day, bowed his head and prayed for Forge in the spring. I Send Check or Money Order now to: I AMERICAN VETERANS' 1983 CALENDAR divine guidance. Faced with an intolerable burden, the P O. BOX 103 At that moment a man named Potts men discovered in that Christmas sea- BEREA, OHIO 44017 | was walking nearby. As the story has son a power they never realized was Name come down through the years, he was within them. In their hour of desperate I Address startled to hear a voice in the stillness. need, a man named Washington, who City State Zip "Cautiously approaching the spot," had himself sought communion with wrote the historian and biographer God, had given them the inspiration to I ( ) Quantity Ordered ($ ) Amount Enclosed William M. Thayer, "what was his sur- discover it was there. ©

38 THE AMERICAN LEGION Books HEAVY DUTY UTIUTY JACKET Crown's of Political Quota- Book For Practical Good Looks/ tions, edited by Michael Jackman. Crown Publishers Inc., $15.95. Pick- ing up this collection of over 2,500 politi- 85 cal quotes is like eating cashews—you can't eat just one. Those in search of per "weighty political pronouncements" jacket.' are well advised to steer clear of this 19 This Winter's Best Buy" sprightly volume that, depending on Big roomy cut gives you plenty of room party affiliation and commitment, is to move, bend, reach and drive a car/ sure to alternately delight and offend The reason that Military Officers like the reader: ("I belong to no organized this style is that it keeps them warm, flatters the figure, and gives you party—I am a Democrat." Will Rogers) plenty of room to move/ or ("The Republican Party either cor- At 19.95, there's no better coat rupts its liberals or expels them." Harry bargain in America. Just look at S. Truman). For those benumbed by the what you get: avalanche of political rhetoric that Heavy Duty 100% Nylon shell. marked this year's elections, this collec- Tight woven and weatherproof. tion of pointed and precise political Knit Waistline, Knit Collar, Knit Cuffs, all to hold in body heat/ prose will come as a welcome relief. Toasty Warm Heavy Lining. Donovan, America's Master Spy, Quilt by Richard Dunlop. Rand McNaixy, •k Plus Full Freedom of Action/ Pub., $19.95. Others have written pro- In a word, you get everything files and biographies of William J. but the copper plumbing.' In a jacket like seldom see the likes Donovan, father of the American intel- you of for less than $50.'.' How long can this ligence effort. Past efforts have usually special value last? NOT LONG.' HURRY.' been flawed by gaps in facts caused by the secretive nature of much of Dono- Haband's 95 van's work, or by the authors' failure to Duty UTIUTY JACKET "|9 1 far Heavy 39.50 capture the complex nature Of the man. 265 N. 9th St, Paterson, NJ 07530 AVAILABLE SIZES Neither fault is found here, thanks to Gentlemen! Please send me the S M L XL XXL* the declassification of much of Dono- Heavy Duty Utility Jacket, for which I enclose my full 34-36 38-40 42-44 46-48 50-52

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War," in which he detailed an excep- ! HfiitOfHS tionally plausible—and frightening- scenario of how the world might just ,0 7 SCARCE STAMPS-ALL DIFFERENT-SENT FREE for our mailing list descend into chaos. Here the fictional Mail at once. We'll send you this fascinating set of only and may have to be withdrawn soon thesis is continued and loose strategic 7 Hitler stamps. Different sizes, colors, values. rush coupon NOW to: and philosophical ends are tied up. In NO COST TO YOU. Stamps were issued in 1941 i— — — — — — the process, he underscores the purpose by Nazi Germany. Commissioned by Adolph Littleton Stamp Company, Dept. HS-8. Hitler himself. Much sought after. Now becoming Littleton New Hampshire 03561 brought forth in his first book: that the SCARCE. Our supply is limited. Don't ask for non-Communist countries must build more than one set. We will also include other Name stamps from our "collect by mail" service, which up and maintain their conventional you can examine and return without purchase. Address military forces if the threat of nuclear You can cancel service at any time — PLUS a City FREE copy of our helpful informative book "How holocaust is not to become a reality in to Collect Stamps" This special offer adults to Zip the immediate future. State

39 THE AMERICAN LEGION December 1982

Brazil: The Next Frontier

(Continuedfrom page 18)

In any event, the ruling generals anew the disadvantages of the masses, on the Falklands dispute and use it to moved this year to hold unrestricted it could set off an explosion from below. discredit the United States. They made nationwide elections for the first time Economic expansion is thus viewed as surprisingly little headway, as far as since the 1960s—a solid sign of lingering not just desirable, it is absolutely essen- these reporters could ascertain. U.S. adherence to democratic institutions. tial to deal with social problems. policy, as described by Thomas O. Many of these mililtary officers, by "Indexing" of wages to price hikes Enders, our assistant secretary of state coincidence, were among those who has somewhat blunted the ravages of for Inter-American affairs, was to fought alongside Americans in Italy inflation. Even so, this is dealing heavy emphasize the principle of non-first-use during World War II. Angered by the blows to the previously expanding mid- of force, self-defense and the rule of law. sinking of ships by German U-boats off dle class, pushing many back below the And so we backed Britain. And while we its coast during the early 1940s, Brazil poverty line. And it's the middle class, found many Latins sympathizing with declared war and became the only South that carries the hope of moderating our position (Argentina with its fre- American nation to field troops in extremes in political action. quently strident dictatorships has never Europe. It now has the largest military This gets to the most widely cited sin- been particularly popular among its force in South America, with most of gle barrier to Brazil's continued growth neighbors, especially Brazil) a great these military personnel stationed in and development: a disturbing lack of many others, as Enders states, saw our the south, near Argentina. breadth and depth in education. Half position "as a choice of East-West over Significantly, Communist trou- the population here is under 21; over 7 North-South loyalties, of Anglos over blemaking seems almost nonexistent million children are said to be not in Latinos, and of Europeans over here—in contrast to many of Brazil's schools, and illiteracy is widespread. Americans." Latin neighbors. The government has The government, therefore, is pushing It will take time to repair the rips the consistently refused to recognize Cas- reforms and expansion in education, Falklands crisis tore in our hemisphere tro's regime and has no official relations both at the lower and university levels. relationships—particularly the old sus- with Cuba. And Castro, for his part, As a result, from 1960 to 1977 student picions this awakened over Yankee seems to have decided to concentrate on enrollment increased by an astonishing "imperialism" and economic exploita- smaller and more vulnerable nations in 264 percent in lower schools, 814 per- tion. Yet nothing promises to accom- his hemisphere-wide campaign of sub- cent in secondary schools and 1,198 per- plish this better than Washington's version and guerrilla action. cent at the university level. Even so, the current rediscovery of the hemisphere's Despite the surface calm, however, country has a long way to go before it importance to our own future. All this many Brazilians worry that the poverty develops the reservoir of skilled and pro- after what Enders calls a "decade of besetting a big segment of their popula- fessional manpower needed to sustain a drift,"exacerbated by pressures the Car- tion poses ripe conditions for agitators. steep economic takeoff. ter administration applied to Latin gov- Comments one: "It's like serving caviar All this makes U.S. expertise even ernments for progress in the protection and champagne to the Communists." more of a vital factor in Brazil's develop- of human rights. U.S. economic aid was long our princi- ment. American companies, people and We've also recently rediscovered that pal way ofhelping Brazil meet this prob- offices dot the business landscape. Vir- U.S. exports of goods and services to our lem. In the 1950s and 1960s, Brazil tually all the big American multina- hemisphere neighbors are a growth received some $2.4 billion in U.S. aid tional firms are involved in individual industry, rising by 20 percent a year- through our Agency for International and joint U.S.-Brazilian projects. And far more rapidly than homefront eco- Development, the Peace Corps and our we are the country's largest external nomic activity even in good times. Last Food for Peace program. As the country investor, accounting for 30 percent of all year's $41 billion in U.S. exports to the expanded into the 1970s, however, U.S. foreign investment. region are as much as we sell to the assistance was gradually phased out. Looking elsewhere in Latin America, entire European Common Market, and Official statistics indicate that 88 per- U.S. observers have long been appalled more than we sell to all other developing cent of the working people still earn less by the continent's genius for creating countries put together. than $400 per month. A bit more than 10 impossible economic conditions and "We are natural friends and allies in percent earn up to $1600 a month, and impassable social barriers for the a world that is increasingly competitive only 1.6 percent earn more than this. masses. As one Latin explains it, a few and dangerous," concludes Enders. More serious, in the past decade, the fortunate original families came into Continued progress on the part of a amount of wealth concentrated in the possession of most of the good land and leading country like Brazil is counted top 1 percent of the population increased wealth, and still run things. The mili- on to add substance to this promise. The from 13 to 16 percent. Thus, while eco- tary, whose officers frequently come potentials for a great surge forward are nomic growth yielded more for every- from these families, support and protect there in spades. What it now takes, one, the rich managed to corner a the status quo, resorting when neces- according to one American official in disproportionate share, and a high birth sary to revolving-door-type palace coups Brasilia, is a national act of political rate (now declining somewhat) tends to to do so. And the dominant Catholic will—meaning that Brazil must put its eat up the benefits of expansion. Church tended until recently to con- political house back in order and start to The core fact these figures point up is done the arrangement and keep mass live again within its means. The United that past growth has produced enough discontent reasonably in check. States, an involved bystander whose additional goods and services to keep a Castro and internal extremists every- own government hasn't been able to lid on popular unrest. The great danger where to the south have long thrived on make ends meet for years, can only in continued stagnation, therefore, is this situation. And recession has now watch future developments with great that by boosting unemployment and become their ally. interest . . . and wish Brazil better luck underemployment and underlining Cuba and Russia also tried to cash in than we ourselves have had lately. O

40 — THE AMERICAN LEGION

Our Ambassador (Continued from page 18) RAY YOUR

tunities for hardworking, clever people. It's a living reminder of our own history.

Q. We can see subversion and terrorism at work in Central America, obviously guided and FOR LIFE supported by the Soviet Union and Cuba. Is this in store for ON THE Brazil? A. Terrorism is of course unpre- dictable, and just a few crazies are PAYMENT PLAN needed to commit terrorist acts. It Find has happened in Brazil, but it wasn't out more about this economical way to become able to sustain itself. As for subver- a "Paid Up for Life" Member (PUFL)! The cost is based sion, I can't see much future for it in on your actual age and the amount of your post dues. Brazil.

Q. What is the current status of Fill out this coupon or a facsimile and mail to: The U.S.—Brazilian relations? American Legion National Headquarters, PUFL on Time, A. I would say our relationship is P.O. Box 1055, Indianapolis, Indiana 46206 good right now, marred only by a parade of really pesky irritants in the field of trade. As I said, these are bad times economically, and the Bra- Please send additional me information on how I can become a zilians are hurting. They have to "Paid Up for Life" Member on the Time Payment Plan. export, and their export markets are depressed all over. Since they have Name traditionally enjoyed easy access to the U.S. market, they are perturbed by what they see as a rising wave of U.S. protectionism. At the same time, they are a growing economic power and are a formidable competi- tor to us in many fields in markets all over the world. Our political relations are very good, and we have no significant dis- agreements with the Brazilians in FIND BURIED TREASURE the military security field. Many of Find buried gold, silver, coins, treasures with powerful new electronic your readers will remember that the detector. Ultra sensitive. Penetrates deep into earth. Works through mud, beach sand, rock, wood, Brazilian Expeditionary Force dis- etc. Signals when object is detected. tinguished itself in the Italian campaign, fighting alongside the U.S. Fifth Army. Neither side has forgotten this, and the tradition of close Write for Free Catalog cooperation between the armed

RELCO Dept. dd-5 , Box 10839, Houston, Tex. forces of the two countries is still 77018 alive.

Q. How do you view the long- HEARING AIDS REMEMBER term prospects for relations SAVE $ $ The G.I. (P-38) Can Opener? between the two countries? AII-in-the-Ear Aid will help Now you may purchase a sentimental remembrance of A. I'm optimistic on this point. The you hear and understand! days gone by. Priced at only 2 for $1.00 postage paid. Send peoples of Brazil and the United Try 30 days before you buy! No salesman. Free catalog! orders to Baldwin Enterprises, 1928 States share many common values Campbell Rd., Houston, TX 77080. RHODES. Dept. 34-H. Brookport. ILL 62910 and similar historical experiences. The prospect of a prosperous and LEARN democratic Brazil is something we play winning can look forward to with satisfaction. MEAT CUTTING CRIBBAGE I might be somewhat parochial on Train quickly in 8 short weeks at Toledo Written & illustrated by Montana for a bright future with security in the vital artist De Lynn Colvert. A 20 year at business. Big- pay. full-time jobs this point, but I think we can have no I data study is basis for his unique HAVE A PROFITABLE MARKET OF YOUR 'winning "26 Theory." Completely - better friend^or rival— in OWN! Time payment plan available Di- this /en. Job help Thousands of suc- llustrated, handsomely printed. A cessful graduates quality gift for beginner or expert. P. OUR 59th YEAR' „„„ Send hemisphere. NOW for a big new illustrated FREE catalog. No obligation C I approved. NATIONAL SCHOOL OF MEAT CUTTING. No 71-02- STARK STI HMOS • 725 ALDER • MISSOULA, MT 59802 0197T. Dept. A-181. 33 N. Superior, Toledo. Ohio 43604

41 _ December 1982

CALIFORNIA WHOLE Commander's NATURAL Message ALMONDS (Continued from page 4) NON PAREIL VARIETY be poised at Western Europe's borders sequently prohibited export of U.S. oil bearing shiny new arms bought with and gas technology to them. Western Europe's own hard cash. The hue and cry which resulted cen- The sad irony in this entire situation tered on the argument that our sanc- is that the very nations directly threat- tions were ludicrous because the Soviets ened should the pipeline be constructed, can complete their pipeline even with- are the same nations most vocal in their out American equipment, although support of construction. Many Western completion might be delayed "a couple European leaders see the pipeline as of years." Yet, "a couple of years," as nothing more than a convenient source we've seen by the Soviet's inability to of reasonably priced energy. Period. produce the quality and quantity of On top of that, business leaders there materials required, could well translate From the center of the almond country, (and here, too!) see it as a potential gold- into an indefinite delay. Further, they Kern County, comes nature's tree mine of profits to be made from the sale charge American hypocrisy in continu- treats. Exquisite non-pareil almonds. of high technology—compressors, tur- ing grain sales to the Kremlin while Harvested, hulled, shelled, sorted and bines and telecommunications equip- trying to stymie the pipeline. sorted once again until I feel the quality ment—required for its completion. is what I would expect. Then, and only then, are these almonds good enough The Soviets, for their part and in to offer to you. And so these almonds response to President Reagan's

are . . .succulent, plump and delectable. embargo of U.S. pipeline technology Comes in three carton sizes. Each is He who would ride a packed tight and protected with a and materials, claim they can complete strong outer carton. Try these beauties; the pipeline without our help, if neces- tiger, dare not dismount. you'll like em. I'll guarantee your satis- sary. But that's a dubious assertion faction. ^^y^J2^ when you consider that Soviet turbines, for example, are less efficient by modern standards and require major over- (m For VISA or Master Charge Orders: hauls every 800 hours. American-made That's comparing apples to oranges. ' Call Toll Free (800) 235-4023 turbines go for 20,000 hours between Grain sales and the provision of equip- (In California call (800) 582-3908) similar maintenance periods. Further- ment for the pipeline are not compara- Telephone Hours: more, the creaking Soviet economy ble. U.S. grain sales soak up Soviet hard 8:00 A.M. -5:00 P.M. Pacific Time \ Mon. thru Sat. doesn't have the capability to mass pro- currency, thereby stymying their mili- duce enough turbines to finish the tary build up; the pipeline, however, fills YES, fill my order as indicated. pipeline by the 1985 construction their coffers with cash. _ 2.5 lbs. 4.5 lbs: _ 6.5 lbs. deadline. Construction of the Soviet natural U at U at U $9.95 $14.95 at $20.95 They can't even produce enough gas pipeline has also prompted heated My Name pipeline to meet their construction debate over foreign and economic pol- goals. Currently, the Soviets produce 1 icies between the United States and our Address— million tons of 56-inch gas pipeline a Western European allies, and recently a City . State .Zip. year. They'll need about 13 to 15 million serious moral issue was raised as well. Check Enclosed tons a year to get the job done. Someone Unsubstantiated, but credible, alle- VISA MasterCard will have to make up the difference and gations have reached the West that the they know it. Soviets are using slave labor to con- CARD NO. Western European leaders argue that struct the pipeline. A Vietnamese ana- EXP. DATE the U.S.'s refusal to sell appropriate gas lyst, among others, asserted that Maudsley's and oil equipment to the Soviets is an Vietnam was sending thousands of P.O. Box 1926, Dept. MG z^. unwarranted intrusion into the inde- laborers to work on the project for little 2508 Pegasus V^Vl Kern County pendent decision-making policies of or no pay, in order to reimburse the Bakersfield, CA 93303 their nations. That's ridiculous. You U.S.S.R. for debts owed by North don't have to be a political scientist to Vietnam.. know actions that threaten NATO In a recent letter to the Wall Street nations in Europe threaten the United Journal, Soviet emigre Yuri Belov, who States as well. We are bound by mutual served 15 years in the Soviet Gulag, defense treaties to so respond. graphically told of Soviet slave laborers Get Ahead! Enjoy the Races with de- as well: "I have received reports from pendable Selections. "The Selector" -8 When the U.S. sanctions against sale Step Program combines Past Perfor- of pipeline equipment were extended to various points in the Soviet Union that mance Information into an accurate foreign subsidiaries of U.S. firms, or more and more prisoners sentenced to Projected Speed Rating for today's under licenses issued by U.S. com- hard labor are being used to construct race, so Easy to use, try it! panies, Western European leaders com- the pipeline," he wrote. "Their number The perfect gift for your racing friends pelled compliance with the Soviet is now estimated at 100,000, many of "The Selector" $39.95 P.P. Money back guarantee pipeline equipment contracts by their them sentenced for political or religious RACETRACK • • P.O. Box 3 Bryant, AR 72022 own firms and by subsidiaries of U.S. activities." Visa or Mastercard #. firms. After such firms actually shipped These charges are not surprising prohibited equipment to the Soviet given the Soviet Union's long history of Union, the Reagan administration sub- repression, both of its own people and

42 NOW! DENTIST'S DISCOVERY LETS YOU EAT EVERYTHING— WITH FALSE TEETH! ENDSUP ALL-DAY ADHESIVE CUSHIONS MAKE FALSE TEETH FIT AND FEEL RIGHT!

Gives Perfect Cushioned Comfort All Day! the world's people who've fallen under Endslip All-Day Cushions give blessed comfort. End pain and soreness. Dentures fit snugly all day —teeth stay her domination. What is a shocking sur- tight — in perfect comfort! Simple to use. Place cushions on prise is the fact, in this instance, that your denture. No cutting necessary since cushions are preshaped for uppers or lowers. No messy paste or powders our European allies—for the sake of needed. Endslip's featherweight, paper-thin cushions be- cheaper energy and the sale of high come adhesive ONLY WHEN WET. Cannot wash awav like powder paste. Does not dissolve in water or saliva. Won't technology—are willing to tacitly con- or wash away with foods, drinks or liquids. Actually makes done such blatant violations of human false teeth "Drinkproof." Gives greater "biting power." rights and dignity. EAT AND DRINK ANYTHING! Enjoy such foods as apples, candy, corn, hard and soft foods, soups, beverages in In essence, leaders justify An Endslip All-Day Adhesive Cushion NATO comfort and confidence. Rediscover the pleasure of your their stance by stating that they are favorite foods. Placed On Your Upper Or Lower Provides simply seeking relief from their depen- END SORE GUMS AND IRRITATION! The comfortable Blessed Comfort All Day! cushioning effect helps end sore gums and irritation all day dency on possibly unreliable Middle SOFT AND PAPER-THIN . . . long. Provides strong retention and improves suction. Keeps, invisible and cannot be felt! East and North African energy sources. mouth clean and healthy. No paste or powder needed. Thus, ends gagging and upset stomach. Yet, as every Legionnaire knows, his- NO CUTTING NECESSARY . . . tory contradicts the assumption that LOOK BETTER—FEEL BETTER! Eat, speak, laugh, cushions are preshaped for uppers bite, chew, sneeze with confidence. Ends slipping, sliding, and lowers the Soviets can be relied upon to keep dropping, wobbling and clicking. Overcomes embarrass- EACH LASTS 1 to their part of any bargain, much less ment. No one need know you wear dentures. So light and THIN CUSHION 10 DAYS! comfortable, you'll hardly know you're wearing dentures. their agreement to become reliable Easy to peel off—carries away nicotine, smoke tars, decaying energy suppliers. The Kremlin pre- food particles. Money-Back Guarantee off for viously cut energy supplies— Made in Uppers and Lowers and Packaged Separately Your money refunded if you are not political reasons—to Yugoslavia (1948) pleased in every way with Endslip All-Day Adhesive $-1 Cushions. Simply when it left the Soviet bloc; Albania BOX OF $ 1 BOX OF The denture cushion return unused cushions for full re- 24 RECOMMENDED fund. (1961) when it deserted the Soviets in LOWERS uppers y by many DENTISTS favor of China; and China (1962) at the TODAY TO time ofthe Sino-Soviet rift. And few peo- MAIL NUTRITION HEADQUARTERS, Dept. D102 104 West St., linois ple, save Western European leaders, Jackson Carbondale, 62901

I enclose . Please send END- forgotten Soviet threat to $ have the SLIP DENTURE ADHESIVE CUSHIONS as reduce or eliminate supplies to Poland indicated below. I understand each package of Print Name 24 "uppers" or 24 "lowers" (packaged sepa- last year as the Solidarity crisis came to rately) is regularly $2.00. During this special Address a head. offer, I get each package I buy for $1.00. To cap the entire controversy, at least Send me packs of "uppers." City two feasible alternative sources of Send me packs of "lowers." energy exist outside the Soviet bloc that © 1982, Nutrition Hdqs. State Zip make the pipeline unnecessary: Nor- wegian natural gas from the North Sea IDEAS, INVENTIONS and coal from the United States. New products wanted • Let us help you The American Legion's position on man Sawmill submit your concepts or products to industry. the pipeline was spelled out clearly in a NOW! BEAT Inflation and HIGH Lumberyard Prices! Call Toll Free 1-800-528-6050 No need to stop your important projects. Ext. 831, in Arizona 1-800-352-0458 |l Take this portable mill right Resolution passed during the 64th to the trees-turn out smooth, ~ . OrWrite invention true lumber every time -no experience needed Saw your O O Kit legi National Convention in Chicago. That marketing riSI ^ > own logs or lumber for others and make excellent spare- |"\^"~| _ 70t Smithfleid St. time Income-no incorporated Pittsburgh, PA 15222 F| mandate encourages the United States jJ-C^^Z- \ j crew needed Use any power-tractor wmam emm » e 1977 imi I ^"t^sv^lU P^O. diesel, electric. Time payments may be arranged. m— —— a^»— — and Western Europe to urgently seek ^jc^Send for FREE details -mail coupon below or postcard today- World Famous 192^^ No Obligation and No Salesman Will Call. and use alternative energy sources, and Since F0LEY-BELSAW CO. 30079 FIELD BLDG.* KANSAS CITY, M0. 6411l/ku|jr1 it urges Congress and U.S. representatives to NATO to strongly oppose construction of the pipeline. LAKELAND FLORIDA The coming months may well witness City-State Zip_ From $26,990 the emergence of a great debate in this country regarding our relations with

Western Europe. Reagan administra- Florida's best housing value can be tion officials have even predicted a found in Lakeland's finest lakefront period of "agonizing reappraisal." Be adult MOBILE HOME COMMU- that as it may, the Legion's position is NITY. Lot purchase and lot lease clear: we will not stand by silently and plans available. For free color watch the neck of this great nation be brochure call (collect) 813-858-3831 or write Foxwood Lake Estates, encircled by Lenin's "capitalistic Dept. C, 4444 US 98 North, Lake- noose." We realize further that the chal- supplies IF L-*tW^ land, FL 33805. lenge of the future lies in keeping our I EQUIPMENT NATO allies off the Soviet gallows of I ACCESSORIES economic blackmail. And we know—for Send (or our NEW catalog! r history has so taught us—that he who Include name of organization you work for MM would ride a tiger, dare not dismount. I »c lake'Estates suspect the same is true in the case of P. O. Box 1287, Port Chester, N Y. 10573 Russian bears. O Telephone: (914) 949-4421

43 mmm. December 1982 Son Tay: Success Or Failure? Work part time, full time — right at home — we help you every step of the way. (Continued from page 21) No doubt about it ... as a small engine- pro, you can cash in on the huge demand for qualified men in one of America's fastest growing industries. determined routes to avoid North Viet- The discouraged and visibly disheart- You'll be able to command top hourly rates' of from $10.00 to $15.00 per hour — and namese radar nets. As the raiders ened raiders moved out of the camp as that's just for labor. approached the camp, the three helicop- the AlEs dropped ordnance to prevent Plenty of business waiting for qualified men. 65,000,000 Small Engines Are In Use Today! ters pulled into a trail formation. enemy reinforcement, and C130s That's the official count from the Engine Service Assn., and Then an almost fatal error was made. dropped "fire-fight" simulators nearby one-million new engines are being built each month. With The lead helicopter—lacking visual ref- to confuse the enemy. Foley-Belsaw training, you can soon have the skill and knowledge to make top money servicing these engines. erences and with unknown wind With the mission complete, helicop- changes—drifted to the south of the ters lifted the troops out. In 27 minutes, planned assault course and began set- one of the most meticulously executed tling toward a military installation surprise attacks in the history of mod- some 200 meters from the target. At the ern warfare was over. last moment, the pilot discovered his For the raiders, it had been a long mistake and turned toward the correct night. Disappointment over not freeing camp. Flying in at 40 feet and 20 knots, the POWs crept in as they made their the helicopter's mini-gun destroyed two way back to bases in Thailand. The next

Professional Tools and Equipment PLUS 4 hp Engine of the three camp guard towers as it morning they were loaded into a plane All YOURS TO KEEP .... All at No Extra Cost. cleared the camp's western wall. for the long flight home. For Simons and NO EXPERIENCE NECESSARY! You don't need to be a 'born mechanic' or have any prior The pilot of the second helicopter Manor a new battle was waiting. They experience. Lessons are fully illustrated ... so clear you found the clearing in the center of the were directed to immediately report to can't go wrong, and with our famous 'learn-by-doing' method you get practical 'hands-on' experience. Son Tay compound where he was to the Pentagon. The news that there was

("Foley-Belsaw Institute • 50100 Field Bldg. crash land between two trees, only to bombing over North Vietnam and that a Kansas City, Mo. 64111 discover the trees had grown consider- raid to free POWs had failed, stirred up YES, please send me Ihe FREE booklet thai gives tull de tails about starting my own business in Small Engine Repair \ uv-'it ably since the last photos of the camp a tempest in Washington. I understand there is No Obligation and that No Salesman will \ call on me had been taken. Amazingly, the pilot Within the United States an acri- NAME crash landed the helicopter on target monious debate had erupted. Almost

ADDRESS- and Army forces quickly rushed from unanimously, critics and advocates of the helicopter and attacked as planned. the raid praised the valor of the raiders CITY- The third helicopter had also drifted and the military precision of the raid. |_STATE_ ZIP _ to the south where the pilot, thinking But, according to one news magazine, he'd landed at Son Tay, quickly dis- "A major result of the renewed air charged his troops and took off. The activity (and the raid) was a revival of iNON- troops immediately engaged what debate in Congress on the war—a debate GUNS! appeared to be about 200 Russian or that had remained relatively quiet for • That's right, these precision-buill replicas ' 1 ous lirearms CANNOT CHAMBER OR FIRE REAL Chinese troops. After the heated battle months." Both houses of Congress were ' AMMUNITION! Made of machined metal, they look feel a I weigh same as Ihe originals CAN BE DISASSEMBLED. Over . 30 blued, hand-finished parts Comes fully assembled Safe subsided, the force realized its error and quickly locked in debate over the raid. I and perfecl for display MONEY BACK GUARANTEE. Send for FREE CATALOG of over 60 differenl models. | called its helicopter to return. The pilot Before a national television audience, 1 Model shown GERMAN P08 CO1G-81-200 OOf< I The COLLECTOR'S ARMOURY, Inc., Dept. also realized his error Secretary of Defense Melvin R. Laird AL f had and was 1 SCO SLATERS LANE, ALEXANDRIA, VIRGINIA 22313 already en route back to pick up the was roasted by Senate Foreign Rela- troops. tions Committee Chairman J. William On the ground at Son Tay, the raiders Fulbright, D-Ark. had put an alternate plan into effect During Laird's grilling, the intel- Thanks to you when the third helicopter did not land ligence that was used to plan the raid it works... as scheduled. From the crash-landed was severely questioned. He consis- helicopter inside the camp, a small ele- tently defended his thesis that, "the FOR ALL OF US ment had quickly wiped out minor intelligence in this mission was excel- opposition and blasted a hole in the west lent," by reflecting that simply getting wall to allow the support element to into and out ofthe camp undetected was enter the camp. They then began their sufficient evidence that the Pentagon systematic move through the camp. had good intelligence. Responding to adwrtifwng contributed wk UnitedWtay for iha public food Using excellent marksmanship and questions about why the Pentagon did their new night vision devices, the force not know the POWs had vacated the singled out enemy troops and elimi- camp, Laird said only that, ''we have not nated them. Outside the compound, been able to develop a camera that sees RUPTURE APPLIANCES other raiders worked to secure the area through roofs of buildings. Since POWs FOR COMFORT! and blow up bridges. But as all this are rarely in the open, there was no way When you slip into a gen- action progressed, the fateful report of to tell when they were moved." uine BROOKS Appliance "no one here" began to ring out as each On the Senate floor, Senators Dole you can enjoy heavenly comfort night and day at cell was opened. The word was the same and Kennedy debated the value of the work or at play! Thirteen throughout the camp. raid after Dole introduced a motion million sold, since 1880. You buy direct from the factory - never sold in stores - beware of imitations. Unknown to the raiders and Ameri- praising the men who had risked their Only the highest quality materials and workman- can military planners of the raid was lives in the raid. In the House a heated ship. (Especially for older people who wish to avoid floor unnecessary operations for reducible rupture). Send the fact that the roughly 70 American debate erupted over a similar for our FREE illustrated booklet with no obligation. POWs held at Son Tay had been moved motion. Emotions ran equally strong BROOKS APPLIANCE COMPANY (Medicare five months earlier because of per- between those who backed the raid and Dept. 65, Marshall, Mich. 49068 Pays 80%) sistent flooding in the area. those who believed it was pure folly.

44 . . THE AMERICAN LEGION

Gradually a theme developed—one echoed in newspaper, magazine and television editorials—a theme articu- lated as late as March 1971, when Mrs. Cora Weiss, Co-chairman of the Com- mittee of Liaison with Families of Ser- vicemen Detained in North Vietnam, told a House Subcommittee, "the prisoners lives were being endangered, not by North Vietnam's ill treatment, but by American commandos" like those who'd gone to Son lay. 100% Natural Cotton, soft but ever so durable. Harper's magazine told its readers in Beautiful its October 1972 issue that the raid had A true legacy of Early America. This elegant Early American "compounded the (POW release) prob- woven bedspread is fullypre-shrunk and machine washable, with no ironing ever. Rich, full, lem—the irresponsible 'rescue' raid . . . "COLONIAL LOFT' risked an instant massacre had the men BEDSPREADS all-cotton decorator fringe. Guaranteed. We actually been where U.S. intelligence ship fast. claimed they were." • Heavy— soft— durable • 100% Quality Cotton Dept. AL-7, Box 1776 Thus, to many Americans, the Son Homespun (£rafts Blacksburg, S.C. 29702 • Machine washable j Tay raid became another symbol of Gentlemen: Please rush "Colonial Loft" • Choose white or natural failure in the tragedy that was Vietnam. Size spreads & . shams, colon • Special Prices: I the violent upheaval created by Check M.O. enclosed M.C. Visa AmEx After I Twin 80 X 110, value $40 only $32.95 the bombings and the raid, the war con- Credit Card No. Exp. Dt. _ Full 96 X 110, value $50 only $39.95 Name tinued to drag on and interest in the Queen 102 X 120, value $65 only $47.95 raid eventually waned. The raid was King 120 X 120, value $75 only $55.95 Address

admin- Sham (standard), value $15 . only $11.95 ea. periodically mentioned as an City . State Zip- Add $Z. 50 per order lor shipping istration failure, but otherwise ignored. M/C, VISA orders—call Toll Free 24 hrs; 800-438-7939 Ext. AL-7, NC residents add 4% tax in NC, dial 800-458-3491, Ext. 81-U CALL NOW! With the release of the POWs in Feb- ruary and March of 1973, the truth about the horrible POW existence and the unbelievable camp conditions began Never change to emerge—as did the surprising effects ofthe Son Tay raid upon Americans held a tight bulb prisoner. First with interviews, later in maga- again! zine articles and books, the POWs You may never change a light bulb that raid described the impact had had again! Just think, no need to buy bulbs, on their health and welfare. The POWs' or climb on wobbly chairs or ladders. perception of the raid countered that Now, a new scientific development extends bulb life and saves electricity, too. held by American anti-war spokesmen. It's called The Button. Seventy percent of the 320 returned The Button is a solid-state micro, POWs who completed a 1974 survey on chip diode. It converts AC current to The Button has no moving parts so DC current and extends the life of a bulb there is nothing to wear out. Alfmaterials their imprisonment said that the Son filament up to 100 times! meet or exceed U.L. standards and each Tay raid had a "major positive effect" on For example, a regular bulb rated for Button carries a 10-year warranty. 750 hours lastTor If you're their lives. The raid, along with the 1972 would about 32 days if sold on the idea of saving burned continuously. But, with The money. The Button comes in packages "Linebacker II" bombing operation, Button, that same bulb's life would be of 12 for $29.95 (plus $2.45 shipping was ranked highest among events that extended to 75,000 hours or 8 years. and handling). If you're still a bit of a most affected their morale in prison. Less often used bulbs could last a life- skeptic (or don't have 12 bulbs), order a time! (Thomas Edison's winter home in package of six for only $15.95 (plus response pri- This positive was based Florida uses DC lighting. The original $1.50 shipping and handling). Either marily on the North Vietnamese reac- bulbs have been burning continuously way, you're covered by Baystar's guar- since tion to the raid. Following the raid,the 1925 — and are stiff going strong:) antee of satisfaction or your money back This amazing development works in 30 days. Be sure to specify candelabra were forced to con- North Vietnamese with any regular incandescent light bulb or regular size. solidate all the POWs. This was a radi- (not 3-way type). There is even a model Save bulbs, electricity and labor. cal change after years of isolation and for candelabra size bulbs. Just stick a Order The Button today! Button to the bottom of a bulb and screw CREDIT CARD HOLDERS near isolation. The men were housed in into socket. 40 to 60-man cells and, except for pre- The results are amazing. Bulbs burn CALL TOLL FREE Mon-Fri 9am to 5pm Eastern Time vious surreptitious tapping and signal- cooler, and give a softer less glaring light. You save up to 30% on electricity it the first association 800-638-6170 ing, for many was and just think of the money saved on All other times call Toll with other POWs since capture. light bulbs! Free ^ The is "Men who had consoled and supported Button absolutely ideal for 800-257-785CL— lights that run 24 hours a day like exit each other through years of adversity at signs and security lights. (Don't replace last came face to face," said John G. them until 1 990!) Major hotels, restau- Dept.29C rants and corporations are already 1 Hubbell in his book P.O. W. Grown men using 10 Painters Mill Road The Button and saving considerably on Owings Mills, MD 21117 Continued . . . maintenance costs. (301) 363-4304 © The Baystar Company 1982 45 .

THE AMERICAN LEGION The American Legion UPSTAIRS. . DOWNSTAIRS. SHOPPER

. . . Continued NEW!! for joy, and each jumped slapped hugged AMERICAN LEGION other; voices faces from earlier dis- and WHITE COTTON TWILL tant meetings were united. Tears of hap- APRON piness flowed. For the next few days many men would not sleep as they Adjustable to fit all. Vivid Blue Legion emblem only talked around the clock. with blue trim on pocket. For the North Vietnamese the deci- Order No. 75066 at $6.95 sion to consolidate the prisoners was not ea. postpaid from National an easy one. After years of seeking to Emblem Sales, Dept. SHOP, propagandize the POWs by isolation, The American Legion, limited information and communica- P.O. Box 1055, Indianapolis, IN 46206. tion, the move was not made without reservation. Yet, the North Vietnamese STAIR-GLIDE Stairway Lift had lost face in the world, a world where America's largest selling stair- propaganda was being successfully way lift is the ideal solution waged to defeat a far superior enemy. WORLD WAR II for people who can't or A week and a half after the raid, a shouldn't climb stairs. Quiz & Fact Book Chinese delegation arrived to "review" DO YOU REMEMBER the battleships at Battleship Row? the situation in North Vietnam, during • Easily installed The beaches at Normandy? Enola Gay dropped the first bomb, name the plane that dropped the second. Hitler's ability which North Vietnam's to wage • UL listed dog's name? Who was Kilroy? The Rag-Tag Circus? Flash successful war was severely questioned. and Thunder, the Slot, the 19fastest fighters, the 22 largest • Will not mar walls or stairs battleships, the top U-boat and sub commanders, code If the North Vietnamese didn't consoli- names, messages, quotes, historic dates, land, sea and air • and Outdoor date the POWs, another raid might be Economy battles. Over 1,000 brain teasers, 50 photos, bibliography, launched and, in the process, they models available. index. HARPER & ROW presents the only collection of nostalgia might lose some of their valuable politi- AMERICAN STAIR-GLIDE CORP. and little known facts in trivia question and answer format. Send check or for soft or cal pawns—the POWs. Thus the North Dept. AL-1282, 4001 East 138th St., P.O. Box B M.O. $7.98 $13.98 hard cover

(pstg. inc.) to: Benford Assoc. Inc. , 1 464 Whippoorwill Way, Vietnamese closed their outlying camps Grandview, Missouri 64030 Mountainside, N.J. 07092. in Laos, South Vietnam and in southern North Vietnam and brought their cap- tives to Hanoi. Twelve years have elapsed since the The Medicare Approved raid was conducted and nine years since easy-Lift® B" the Vietnam War ended. Most Ameri- cans have forgotten Son Tay and fewer Makes every day your are aware of its consequences. Yet, without the raid, it is almost certain that Independence Day POWs would have lost their san- many Experience the joy . . . the dignity ... of regaining ity, their lives or both. Conditions were your ability to stand up and sit down without needing such that by November 1970 over 10 per- anyone else's help! The incomparable cushion-lifting EASY-LIFT chair cent of the known to have been POWs offers you ... captured by North Vietnam had died in •A beautiful, yet reliable lift-aid chair captivity. Because of the raid, most •SpaceSaver™ recliner or traditional models POWs were able to survive the last •A variety of upholstery choices •Operates on standard household current captivity. three long years of One-year warranty In his testimony before the Senate FOR MORE Foreign Relations Committee, Secre- INFORMATION, CALL US TOLL-FREE: tary of Defense Laird stated, "We have 1-800-821-2041 not only shown North Vietnam, but we have also shown the prisoners of war, AMERICAN STAIR-GLIDE CORPORATION that we do care." Indeed, the raid not Dept. ALE- 1282, P.O. Box B, 4001 E. 138th Street, Grandview, MO 64030 ©1982— AMERICAN STAIR-GLIDE CORPORATION only let Hanoi and the world know that the United States cared about its POWs but, in one of the ironies of the war, it also forced North Vietnam to take better care of American POWs. Only brave men volunteer for raids. Those who volunteered to help their countrymen in 1970 were some of the bravest. They didn't succeed in rescuing any POWs, but they assuredly aided them. And, because of its effect on the lives of the POWs, the raiders and the POWs can now look back on that cool November night in 1970 and state— "Son Tay: Success!" O

46 J . 1

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47 THE AMERICAN LEGION December 1982

The lawyer was questioning a witness in a murder case. "Did you say that she shot him at close range?" "Yes." "Were there any powder marks on him?" "Yes," the witness replied, "that's why she shot him at close range." —John A. Davoren

Young adult: "Twenty years ago we were told we weren't as smart as our par- ents. Today we're not as smart as our kids. Where did we go wrong?" —Don D. Fleming

Touche Two rival authors met, one of whom had just publshed a successful book. The other was offering congratulations. "I've just read your book and it was great. Who wrote it for you?" "I'm so glad you enjoyed it," replied the first author. "Who read it to you?" —Maxine Morrisey

Now we know how revenue sharing works. We found out by coming home from the office party and blabbing about the Christmas bonus. —Arthur P. Small

Two friends promised to meet in the same bar on New Year's Eve 10 years later. Ten years to the hour one of them walked in and sure enough there was his pal on a stool. "I never thought," he said, Pbor Dad! Not Nearly Merely "the day we left this bar that you'd really A father was discussing life with his nine- A small boy came home from school with come back today." year-old son and the talk turned to the olden news that he was second in his class. Top "Who left?" hiccupped his pal. days, in the late 1930s, when Dad was young. place was held by a girl. —K.R. Houlihan The son was incredulous that his father could "Surely, Jack," said the father, "you're not have enjoyed life way back then during the going to be beaten by a mere girl?" Dark Ages when there were no TV dinners, "Well, you see, Dad," explained the boy, pizzas, transistor radios, space shots or color "girls are not nearly as mere as they used to television. be." "You know, Dad," he mused, "when Ithink —Katherine Morely of you as a little boy, I always think of you in black and white." New Year's Resolution —Joan Smith These holidays, My spendthrift ways Supply Side Have made me feel the pinch. A husband and wife went to the bank Next Christmas time, to open a joint account. Being in a hurry, You 11 hear that I'm the man made out his signature card and An honorary Grinch. left. —Sally Palmer "Let me see," an official of the bank said to the wife, 'this is to be a joint No Value account, is that correct?" At a country auction, a farmer watched m "That's right," smiled the wife. disbelief as a lady antique collector bid $43 "Deposit for him and checking for me." for a handblown whiskey bottle. As she car- —Patrick Coughlan ried the bottle back to her seat, the farmer

got a close look at it. "Holy smoke, Martha," There had been several earthquake shocks he said to his wife, "that there jug is empty!" in the district, so a couple sent their little boy —Ron Daniels to an uncle who lived out of the danger zone.

A day or two later they received a tele- '.' . . Sorry to call you in on Christmas gram: "Am returning your boy—please send Teen-ager to friend: "I'm accident ." morning. . earthquake." prone. I keep bumping into reality!" —Edward Fowler —Karen Connell THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE

48 .

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