Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul Faculdade De Filosofia E Ciências Humanas Programa De Pós-Graduação Em História

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Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul Faculdade De Filosofia E Ciências Humanas Programa De Pós-Graduação Em História PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM HISTÓRIA RICARDO BRUNO FLOR SUPERMAN E A GUERRA: DOS MAGNATAS DAS MUNIÇÕES AO ARSENAL DA DEMOCRACIA PORTO ALEGRE 2014 RICARDO BRUNO FLOR SUPERMAN E A GUERRA: DOS MAGNATAS DAS MUNIÇÕES AO ARSENAL DA DEMOCRACIA Dissertação apresentada como requisito para obtenção do grau de Mestre em História pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Helder V. Gordim da Silveira PORTO ALEGRE 2014 B632s Flor, Ricardo Bruno Superman e a guerra: dos magnatas das munições ao arsenal da democracia. / Ricardo Bruno Flor. – Porto Alegre, 2014. 141 f. ; Il. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Programa de Pós-Graduação em História, Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, PUCRS. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Helder V. Gordim da Silveira 1. Segunda Guerra Mundial, 1939-1945 – História. 2. Histórias em Quadrinhos. 3. Linguagem Política. 4. Superman. I. Silveira, Helder V. Gordim da Silveira. II. Título. CDD 940.53 Ficha elaborada pela bibliotecária Anamaria Ferreira CRB 10/1494 RICARDO BRUNO FLOR SUPERMAN E A GUERRA: DOS MAGNATAS DAS MUNIÇÕES AO ARSENAL DA DEMOCRACIA Dissertação apresentada como requisito para obtenção do grau de Mestre em História pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Helder V. Gordim da Silveira BANCA EXAMINADORA __________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Helder V. Gordim da Silveira (PUCRS) __________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Luciano Aronne de Abreu (PUCRS) _________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Vagner Camilo Alves (UFF) PORTO ALEGRE 2014 Dedico o presente trabalho a Norma Dias Bruno e Shana Natasha Oliveira Sikora. Não posso imaginar como teria sido esse trabalho sem a sua ajuda e seu amor. AGRADECIMENTOS Ao meu orientador, Helder V. Gordim da Silveira, que me acompanha há anos e que me estimulou desde o início da minha pesquisa com quadrinhos. Ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em História, por ter me proporcionado as oportunidades e experiências que proporcionou. Aos seus funcionários, sempre dispostos a ajudar e a responder dúvidas, em especial a Carla Helena Pereira. Aos professores com os quais tive a honra de estudar, pela dedicação, orientação e pela excelência. Em especial a Marçal de Menezes, pelo apoio. Aos queridos colegas que me acompanharam desde a Graduação e aqueles que eu tive a felicidade de conhecer durante o Mestrado. Foi um privilégio estar lado a lado com os brilhantes pesquisadores e grandes amigos que são. A Ângela Figueiredo e Rochele Paz Fonseca, pelo apoio. Aos meus amigos e família, que me apoiaram a cada etapa do meu trabalho. Aos meus pais, Moema Dias Bruno e Telmo Flor, pelo apoio e pelo carinho e por se orgulharem de mim. À minha irmã, Daniela, por quem sinto tanto orgulho e tanto amor. À minha madrinha, Norma Dias Bruno, cujo apoio e a compreensão foram os de uma segunda mãe. Aos meus avós, tios e tias. Aos meus queridos primos. A Albertina Dias Bruno, que não pôde estar comigo durante essa jornada, por quem meu carinho é eterno. A Marcelo Soares, sem cuja amizade meu interesse em quadrinhos não teria me trazido até onde trouxe. A Ricardo Zalewsky, sempre um irmão para mim. Ao Mestre Carlos André Krakhecke, pela inspiração e pelo companheirismo. E a Shana Sikora, minha companheira, pelo amor infindável, pela amizade constante e por me fazer mais e mais feliz a cada dia. “Welcome back to the United States of America”. (HUMPHRIES et al., 2012, p. 22) RESUMO O presente trabalho é dedicado a estudar como Jerry Siegel, nas histórias de Superman, escreveu sobre guerra. Para isso, escolhemos como objeto as revistas em quadrinhos que estrelaram Superman em dois períodos: junho de 1938 a julho de 1939 e janeiro a dezembro de 1942. Pela comparação com outras HQs e discursos da época, buscamos entender o que contribuiu para a forma que Siegel escreve sobre as causas da guerra, suas consequências e sua natureza. O acesso às HQs de Superman se deu através da série Superman Chronicles. Isso incluiu edições da Action Comics, da Superman, World’s Finest Comics e New York World’s Fair. Além de materiais sobre comic books, utilizamos uma variedade de fontes para entender o contexto no qual Superman foi escrito: discursos presidenciais, literatura da época e documentos mais antigos. Nosso trabalho também aborda a construção do herói e do super- herói americanos dentro dos comic books até o final de 1942, comparando Superman com outros personagens e histórias. Palavras chaves: Histórias em Quadrinhos. Linguagem Política. Superman. Segunda Guerra. ABSTRACT The present work studies how Jerry Siegel, on Superman’s stories, wrote about war. For that, we chose as object the comic books that featured Superman in two periods: June 1938 to July 1939 and January to December 1942. By comparing it with other comics and discourses of its time, we searched to understand what contributed to the way Siegel writes about the causes of war, its consequences and its nature. The access to Superman’s comic books happened through the series Superman Chronicles. That included editions of Action Comics, Superman, World’s Finest Comics and New York World’s Fair. Besides materials about comic books, we used a variety of sources to understand the context in which Superman was written: presidential speeches, literature and more ancient documents. Our work also addresses the construction of the American hero and super-hero inside comic books throughout the end of 1942, comparing Superman with other characters and stories. Key-words: Comic Books. Political Languages. Superman. Second World War. 10 LISTA DE ILUSTRAÇÕES Figura 1 - Toppfer e o início das HQs modernas em 1827....................................................... 23 Figura 2 - Max und Moritz em 1865 ........................................................................................ 24 Figura 3 - Jack Woods na New Fun número 1 ......................................................................... 29 Figura 4 - Zatara na Action Comics nº 1 .................................................................................. 48 Figura 5 - Dr. Occult ................................................................................................................ 50 Figura 6 - Robô gigante dos Federal Men no ano 3000 ........................................................... 51 Figura 7 - Capa da Action Comics nº 1 .................................................................................... 52 Figura 8 - Campeão dos oprimidos .......................................................................................... 54 Figura 9 - Explicação “científica” para os poderes de Superman ............................................ 54 Figura 10 - Meek e Bronson observam o incêndio e são “aconselhados” por Superman ........ 58 Figura 11 - Superman destrói carros perigosos na sua guerra contra a direção irresponsável . 59 Figura 12 - Ultra-humanite revela-se para Superman .............................................................. 60 Figura 13 - Capa da Superman nº 1 .......................................................................................... 62 Figura 14 - Diálogo entre Barrows e Greer .............................................................................. 71 Figura 15 - Norvell vivendo como soldado .............................................................................. 72 Figura 16 - O fim da guerra ...................................................................................................... 73 Figura 17 - Superman enfrenta armas de guerra (no que claramente não é uma história de guerra) ....................................................................................................................................... 77 Figura 18 - O fim da produção de armas .................................................................................. 81 Figura 19 - Whiz Comics número 2 (fevereiro de 1940) ......................................................... 83 Figura 20 - Captain America versus Adolf Hitler .................................................................... 88 Figura 21 - Comic Cavalcade número 1 ................................................................................... 90 Figura 22 - All-American Green Lantern ................................................................................. 92 Figura 23 - Black Furry ............................................................................................................ 93 Figura 24 - The Snake ............................................................................................................ 100 Figura 25 - Superman versus Japanazis .................................................................................. 110 Figura 26 - Buy Defense Stamps e Figura 27 - Help National Defense. ............................... 111 Figura 28 - Keep it flying! ...................................................................................................... 112 Figura 29 - Pela glória de Napkan! ......................................................................................... 114 Figura 30 - Oxinalia ................................................................................................................ 115 Figura 31 - Razkal .................................................................................................................
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