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Health Care Tips SPECIAL NEEDS HEALTH CARE TIPS I General Guidelines Supervision o Children need constant supervision. Either a caregiver should be watching them or they need to be in a secure place like a crib or playpen. o Never leave a baby alone on a raised surface (like a changing table or high chair). Use the safety strap. Sleep o Sleep is important for self-regulation. If your child has irregular sleep patterns, talk with your pediatrician. o Sleep routines may help older children get to sleep and stay asleep. Medications o Read medication labels. o If a child vomits medication, contact pediatrician BEFORE you attempt to give another dose. o If child is taking medications, keep a list of the medications and what they are for. Emergencies o Take a child CPR class. o Put together an earthquake kit and develop an emergency preparedness plan. II Going to School Parents may request accommodations for the child with special needs with a 504 plan http://www.ncld.org/disability-advocacy/learn-ld-laws/adaaa-section-504/section-504- rehabilitation-act-1973 Children who qualify for a 504 plan may also be eligible for an Individualized Education Program (IEP). Health goals can be placed within an IEP. Parents may have questions about which type of plan to use http://www.ncld.org/disability-advocacy/learn-ld-laws/adaaa-section-504/section-504- idea-comparison-chart Children with food allergies may require additional help to remain safe at school. School policies for keeping children safe: https://www.foodallergy.org/document.doc?id=135 Resources for parents: http://www.foodallergy.org/managing-food-allergies/at-school SPECIAL NEEDS TIPS FOR INTERACTING WITH YOUR CHILD Things parents can do to bond and interact with their baby/child include: Breastfeeding o If the baby can’t breastfeed, they can still hold the baby against their bare chest while feeding. Skin-to-skin contact Carrying/holding the baby Touching/massaging the baby/child Talk, sing and read to the baby/child Describe the baby/child’s emotions (“You seem mad”) Respond to a baby/child’s cries Follow the baby/child’s lead o Be aware it isn’t a good time to play if the child is tired or irritable; o Be aware of how the baby/child likes to be touched. Use lots of firm physical touch, bear hugs, or baby massage in a way that won't cause sensory issues* Physically hold the child face to face.* Get down to the child's level to make eye contact when talking.* Work at meeting the ''match'' of the child. Encourage the child to do those things for which the child is ready and capable. Try not to expect too much too soon, frustrating both child and you.* Speak in a loving and caring manner to child, helping the message of bonding to get through. Play with the child at the child's level of understanding and ability.* Visit universal playgrounds (Shane’s Inspiration http://www.shanesinspiration.org/playgrounds/ ) Talk to other parents who have children with similar special needs Visit a family resource center (Family Resource Center Network of Los Angeles County – FRCNLAC http://familyresourcenetworklac.org) *Bonding with Your Child, Autism-Help.org SPECIAL NEEDS BREASTFEEDING TIPS The first week o Mother produces colostrum. Colostrum is a thick, yellow sticky liquid that provides baby with protection against infection. It also contains properties that help babies gut to mature. o Mother’s milk will increase in volume. This is sometimes described as mother’s milk “coming in.” Mothers’ milk can be delayed by use of medications during the birthing process. o Poor latch during breastfeeding can cause nipple pain and damage. This is one of the primary reasons given by mothers who stop breastfeeding in the first week. o Mothers who are pumping their breast milk are encouraged to pump a minimum of eight times per day to get their milk supply well established. o Mothers who are pumping are also encouraged to pump in the early morning hours to capitalize on hormones like prolactin that increase during those hours. The first month o Babies are still nursing frequently, between 8 and 12 times per day. It’s expected that babies are still waking up at night 1-2 times per night to feed. o Mother’s milk supply is relatively stable. o Mother may start pumping “extra” breast milk if she needs to return back to work. The first 6 months o Babies are nursing less frequently and more efficiently, 8 to 10 times per day. o Babies are more aware of their surroundings and may become distracted during feedings. o Mother may be pumping during the day while at work and directly nursing at home. o Baby may start introduction to solids. Breastfed babies tend to be more accepting of new foods due to their exposure to different flavors via breast milk. Approximately one in 1,000 women experience low milk supply. The reasons vary from anatomical differences to perinatal PTSD. There are also instances when the baby does not get to the breast due to feeding challenges. The loss of breastfeeding as a “typical activity” may be tragic for many mothers. They may worry about “bonding” with their babies. It’s important to validate all the roles of the parent: nurturer, teacher and protector. http://www.babycenter.com/0_when-you-just-cant-breastfeed_1172801.bc http://www.whattoexpect.com/first-year/breastfeeding/breastfeeding-guide/why-you-might-not-be- able-to-breastfeed.aspx http://www.babycenter.com/404_how-do-i-know-if-my-baby-and-i-are-properly-bonded_13621.bc http://www.whattoexpect.com/first-year/week-19/bond-with-bottle.aspx SPECIAL NEEDS SAFETY TIPS Car safety o Use a car seat that is the correct size for your baby and/or meets your child’s special needs. - Kohl's Safety & Injury Prevention Program – Children’s Hospital Los Angeles http://www.chla.org/site/c.ipINKTOAJsG/b.6216247/k.B067/Kohls_Safety__Injury_Prevention_ Program__Car_Seat__Inspections__Classes__Loaner_Program__Seats_for_Special_Needs.htm# specialneeds Caregivers o Parents should make sure that everyone who cares for their child is trained to meet his/her special needs; o Parents should make sure that caregiver’s homes are safe for their child. Choking hazards o Children with developmental disabilities may continue to put things in their mouths past babyhood. Make sure they have safe things to chew. Community safety o Parks and playgrounds should have fences around them to prevent a child from running off; o Use age appropriate playground equipment; o Parents should hold their children’s hands, carry them or have them in a stroller if they are near a street. Emergencies o Fill out the emergency information form (and keep it current). Take it with your to doctor’s appointments and to the emergency room; o Put together an earthquake kit and develop an emergency preparedness plan (make sure you have a three-day supply of all medications); o Parents should make sure at least three people know how to take care of their child (and know how to use any equipment). This will allow someone else to provide good care for the child, if a parent is injured during the emergency; o Parents should sign up for the Specific Needs Disaster Voluntary Registry. https://snap.lacounty.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=app.registryLogin&CFID=23399&CFTOKEN=7e7 8c72fb57779c2-C9922A62-EDA1-B047-2876E4F10C3DFFE6 Exposure to illness o Children who are medically fragile may get sick more easily – keep them away from children and adults who have contagious diseases. Medical equipment o Parents should learn how to use the equipment; o Parents should know where to get the equipment fixed if it breaks. Medications o Parents should keep a list of all the medications their child takes and share this list with all doctors and pharmacists. Supervision o If a child needs to be supervised at night, take sleeping shifts with your partner; o Talk with your regional center service coordinator about respite and/or nighttime supervision. Toy safety o Give your child age and developmentally appropriate toys. Water safety o Parents should always supervise their children when they are in or near water (bath, pool, etc.); o Always check the temperature of bath water. your group members are concerned about. In your group, you can ask parents: What are some of your safety concerns? What are things that you need to think specific to your child’s special needs? Where do you go for safety information? Parents may also want to discuss how to prepare for emergencies like earthquakes. One thing that you can discuss in your groups is filling out an emergency information form and also having an emergency plan that takes their children’s special needs into account. o Special Needs – Safety – 2015 Funded by First 5 Los Angeles SPECIAL NEEDS SCHOOL TIPS I Differences between Early Start and School-Age Special Education Early Start (Part C) School-Age (Part B) Who is the Client? The family The child Where are services Usually in the home Usually at school provided? Who is eligible? Children under age 3 with a Children who fall under one of the developmental delay or eligibility categories and need special condition with an established education services to benefit from their risk of a developmental delay education When does it end? Age 3 Age 18 (or 22, if a child doesn’t graduate with a diploma at age 18) What is the plan Individualized Family Service Individualized Education Program (IEP) called? Plan (IFSP) Who provides the Regional Center (in most cases) School is the main service provider (if a services? child is also eligible for regional center then regional center provides services for home and community involvement).
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