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The Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide
The Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide Peter Jay Salzman Michael Burian Ori Pomerantz Copyright © 2001 Peter Jay Salzman 2007−05−18 ver 2.6.4 The Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide is a free book; you may reproduce and/or modify it under the terms of the Open Software License, version 1.1. You can obtain a copy of this license at http://opensource.org/licenses/osl.php. This book is distributed in the hope it will be useful, but without any warranty, without even the implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. The author encourages wide distribution of this book for personal or commercial use, provided the above copyright notice remains intact and the method adheres to the provisions of the Open Software License. In summary, you may copy and distribute this book free of charge or for a profit. No explicit permission is required from the author for reproduction of this book in any medium, physical or electronic. Derivative works and translations of this document must be placed under the Open Software License, and the original copyright notice must remain intact. If you have contributed new material to this book, you must make the material and source code available for your revisions. Please make revisions and updates available directly to the document maintainer, Peter Jay Salzman <[email protected]>. This will allow for the merging of updates and provide consistent revisions to the Linux community. If you publish or distribute this book commercially, donations, royalties, and/or printed copies are greatly appreciated by the author and the Linux Documentation Project (LDP). -
Chapter 3. Booting Operating Systems
Chapter 3. Booting Operating Systems Abstract: Chapter 3 provides a complete coverage on operating systems booting. It explains the booting principle and the booting sequence of various kinds of bootable devices. These include booting from floppy disk, hard disk, CDROM and USB drives. Instead of writing a customized booter to boot up only MTX, it shows how to develop booter programs to boot up real operating systems, such as Linux, from a variety of bootable devices. In particular, it shows how to boot up generic Linux bzImage kernels with initial ramdisk support. It is shown that the hard disk and CDROM booters developed in this book are comparable to GRUB and isolinux in performance. In addition, it demonstrates the booter programs by sample systems. 3.1. Booting Booting, which is short for bootstrap, refers to the process of loading an operating system image into computer memory and starting up the operating system. As such, it is the first step to run an operating system. Despite its importance and widespread interests among computer users, the subject of booting is rarely discussed in operating system books. Information on booting are usually scattered and, in most cases, incomplete. A systematic treatment of the booting process has been lacking. The purpose of this chapter is to try to fill this void. In this chapter, we shall discuss the booting principle and show how to write booter programs to boot up real operating systems. As one might expect, the booting process is highly machine dependent. To be more specific, we shall only consider the booting process of Intel x86 based PCs. -
Version 7.8-Systemd
Linux From Scratch Version 7.8-systemd Created by Gerard Beekmans Edited by Douglas R. Reno Linux From Scratch: Version 7.8-systemd by Created by Gerard Beekmans and Edited by Douglas R. Reno Copyright © 1999-2015 Gerard Beekmans Copyright © 1999-2015, Gerard Beekmans All rights reserved. This book is licensed under a Creative Commons License. Computer instructions may be extracted from the book under the MIT License. Linux® is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. Linux From Scratch - Version 7.8-systemd Table of Contents Preface .......................................................................................................................................................................... vii i. Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................. vii ii. Audience ............................................................................................................................................................ vii iii. LFS Target Architectures ................................................................................................................................ viii iv. LFS and Standards ............................................................................................................................................ ix v. Rationale for Packages in the Book .................................................................................................................... x vi. Prerequisites -
Linux Boot Loaders Compared
Linux Boot Loaders Compared L.C. Benschop May 29, 2003 Copyright c 2002, 2003, L.C. Benschop, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. Per- mission is granted to make verbatim copies of this document. This is version 1.1 which has some minor corrections. Contents 1 introduction 2 2 How Boot Loaders Work 3 2.1 What BIOS does for us . 3 2.2 Parts of a boot loader . 6 2.2.1 boot sector program . 6 2.2.2 second stage of boot loader . 7 2.2.3 Boot loader installer . 8 2.3 Loading the operating system . 8 2.3.1 Loading the Linux kernel . 8 2.3.2 Chain loading . 10 2.4 Configuring the boot loader . 10 3 Example Installations 11 3.1 Example root file system and kernel . 11 3.2 Linux Boot Sector . 11 3.3 LILO . 14 3.4 GNU GRUB . 15 3.5 SYSLINUX . 18 3.6 LOADLIN . 19 3.7 Where Can Boot Loaders Live . 21 1 4 RAM Disks 22 4.1 Living without a RAM disk . 22 4.2 RAM disk devices . 23 4.3 Loading a RAM disk at boot time . 24 4.4 The initial RAM disk . 24 5 Making Diskette Images without Diskettes 25 6 Hard Disk Installation 26 7 CD-ROM Installation 29 8 Conclusions 31 1 introduction If you use Linux on a production system, you will only see it a few times a year. If you are a hobbyist who compiles many kernels or who uses many operating systems, you may see it several times per day. -
Dell EMC Poweredge Systems Running Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Release Notes Notes, Cautions, and Warnings
Dell EMC PowerEdge Systems Running Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Release Notes Notes, cautions, and warnings NOTE: A NOTE indicates important information that helps you make better use of your product. CAUTION: A CAUTION indicates either potential damage to hardware or loss of data and tells you how to avoid the problem. WARNING: A WARNING indicates a potential for property damage, personal injury, or death. © 2014 - 2019 Dell Inc. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved. Dell, EMC, and other trademarks are trademarks of Dell Inc. or its subsidiaries. Other trademarks may be trademarks of their respective owners. 2019 - 03 Rev. A15 Contents 1 Overview........................................................................................................................................................6 System configuration requirements................................................................................................................................. 6 Memory......................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Installation and upgrade instructions............................................................................................................................... 6 2 Known issues—To be fixed in future releases.................................................................................................7 Unable to create or modify namespace for NVDIMM.................................................................................................. -
Linux for Zseries: Device Drivers and Installation Commands (March 4, 2002) Summary of Changes
Linux for zSeries Device Drivers and Installation Commands (March 4, 2002) Linux Kernel 2.4 LNUX-1103-07 Linux for zSeries Device Drivers and Installation Commands (March 4, 2002) Linux Kernel 2.4 LNUX-1103-07 Note Before using this document, be sure to read the information in “Notices” on page 207. Eighth Edition – (March 2002) This edition applies to the Linux for zSeries kernel 2.4 patch (made in September 2001) and to all subsequent releases and modifications until otherwise indicated in new editions. © Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 2000, 2002. All rights reserved. US Government Users Restricted Rights – Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. Contents Summary of changes .........v Chapter 5. Linux for zSeries Console || Edition 8 changes.............v device drivers............27 Edition 7 changes.............v Console features .............28 Edition 6 changes ............vi Console kernel parameter syntax .......28 Edition 5 changes ............vi Console kernel examples ..........28 Edition 4 changes ............vi Usingtheconsole............28 Edition 3 changes ............vii Console – Use of VInput ..........30 Edition 2 changes ............vii Console limitations ............31 About this book ...........ix Chapter 6. Channel attached tape How this book is organized .........ix device driver ............33 Who should read this book .........ix Tapedriverfeatures...........33 Assumptions..............ix Tape character device front-end........34 Tape block -
Linux Kernel and Driver Development Training Slides
Linux Kernel and Driver Development Training Linux Kernel and Driver Development Training © Copyright 2004-2021, Bootlin. Creative Commons BY-SA 3.0 license. Latest update: October 9, 2021. Document updates and sources: https://bootlin.com/doc/training/linux-kernel Corrections, suggestions, contributions and translations are welcome! embedded Linux and kernel engineering Send them to [email protected] - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux - Development, consulting, training and support - https://bootlin.com 1/470 Rights to copy © Copyright 2004-2021, Bootlin License: Creative Commons Attribution - Share Alike 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode You are free: I to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work I to make derivative works I to make commercial use of the work Under the following conditions: I Attribution. You must give the original author credit. I Share Alike. If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under a license identical to this one. I For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work. I Any of these conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder. Your fair use and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Document sources: https://github.com/bootlin/training-materials/ - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux - Development, consulting, training and support - https://bootlin.com 2/470 Hyperlinks in the document There are many hyperlinks in the document I Regular hyperlinks: https://kernel.org/ I Kernel documentation links: dev-tools/kasan I Links to kernel source files and directories: drivers/input/ include/linux/fb.h I Links to the declarations, definitions and instances of kernel symbols (functions, types, data, structures): platform_get_irq() GFP_KERNEL struct file_operations - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux - Development, consulting, training and support - https://bootlin.com 3/470 Company at a glance I Engineering company created in 2004, named ”Free Electrons” until Feb. -
Network Boot and Exotic Root HOWTO
Network Boot and Exotic Root HOWTO Brieuc Jeunhomme frtest [email protected] Logilab S.A. Revision History Revision 0.3 2002−04−28 Revised by: bej Many feedback inclusions, added links to several projects Revision 0.2.2 2001−12−08 Revised by: dcm Licensed GFDL Revision 0.2.1 2001−05−21 Revised by: logilab Fixed bibliography and artheader Revision 0.2 2001−05−19 Revised by: bej Many improvements and included Ken Yap's feedback. Revision 0.1.1 2001−04−09 Revised by: logilab First public draft. Revision 0.1 2000−12−09 Revised by: bej Initial draft. This document explains how to quickly setup a linux server to provide what diskless linux clients require to get up and running, using an IP network. It includes data and partly rewritten text from the Diskless−HOWTO, the Diskless−root−NFS−HOWTO, the linux kernel documentation, the etherboot project's documentation, the linux terminal server project's homepage, and the author's personal experience, acquired when working for Logilab. Eventually this document may end up deprecating the Diskless−HOWTO and Diskless−root−NFS−HOWTO. Please note that you'll also find useful information in the From−PowerUp−to−bash−prompt−HOWTO and the Thin−Client−HOWTO, and the Claus−Justus Heine's page about NFS swapping. Network Boot and Exotic Root HOWTO Table of Contents 1. Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................1 1.1. What is this all about?.......................................................................................................................1 1.2. Thanks...............................................................................................................................................1 1.3. Diskless booting advocacy................................................................................................................1 1.3.1. Buying is cheaper than building.......................................................................................1 1.3.2. -
El Núcleo Linux
El núcleo Linux Josep Jorba Esteve PID_00174426 GNUFDL • PID_00174426 El núcleo Linux Índice Introducción ................................................... ....... 5 Objetivos ................................................... ............ 6 1. El núcleo del sistema GNU/Linux .............................. 7 2. Personalización o actualización del núcleo................... 15 3. Proceso de configuración y compilación ...................... 18 3.1. Compilación antigua de la rama 2.4.x del núcleo . 20 3.2. Migración de 2.4 a la rama 2.6.x del núcleo. 25 3.3. Compilación de la rama 2.6.x del núcleo . 27 3.4. Compilación del núcleo en Debian (Debian Way)............. 30 4. Aplicación de parches al núcleo ................................ 35 5. Módulos del núcleo ............................................... 38 5.1. DKMS: módulos recompilados dinámicamente . 41 6. Virtualización en el núcleo ..................................... 44 6.1. KVM ............................................ .............. 46 7. Futuro del núcleo y alternativas ............................... 53 8. Taller de configuración del núcleo a las necesidades del usuario................................................... ...... 58 8.1. Configuración del núcleo en Debian . 58 8.2. Configuración del núcleo en Fedora/Red Hat . 61 8.3. Configuración de un núcleo genérico . 63 Resumen ................................................... ............ 66 Actividades ................................................... ......... 67 Bibliografía .................................................. -
Creating Custom Debian Live for USB FD with Encrypted Persistence
Creating Custom Debian Live for USB FD with Encrypted Persistence INTRO Debian is a free operating system (OS) for your computer. An operating system is the set of basic programs and utilities that make your computer run. Debian provides more than a pure OS: it comes with over 43000 packages, precompiled software bundled up in a nice format for easy installation on your machine. PRE-REQ * Debian distro installed * Free Disk Space (Depends on you) Recommended Free Space >20GB * Internet Connection Fast * USB Flash Drive atleast 4GB Installing Required Softwares on your distro: Open Root Terminal or use sudo: $ sudo apt-get install debootstrap syslinux squashfs-tools genisoimage memtest86+ rsync apt-cacher-ng live-build live-config live-boot live-boot-doc live-config-doc live-manual live-tools live-manual-pdf qemu-kvm qemu-utils virtualbox virtualbox-qt virtualbox-dkms p7zip-full gparted mbr dosfstools parted Configuring APT Proxy Server (to save bandwidth) Start apt-cacher-ng service if not running # service apt-cacher-ng start Edit /etc/apt/sources.list with your favorite text editor. Terminal # nano /etc/apt/sources.list Output: (depends on your APT Mirror configuration) deb http://security.debian.org/ jessie/updates main contrib non-free deb http://http.debian.org/debian jessie main contrib non-free deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian jessie main contrib non-free Add “localhost:3142” : deb http://localhost:3142/security.debian.org/ jessie/updates main contrib non-free deb http://localhost:3142/http.debian.org/debian jessie main contrib non-free deb http://localhost:3142/ftp.debian.org/debian jessie main contrib non-free Press Ctrl + X and Y to save changes Terminal # apt-get update # apt-get upgrade NOTE: BUG in Debian Live. -
Enabling Hardware Accelerated Video Decode on Intel® Atom™ Processor D2000 and N2000 Series Under Fedora 16
Enabling Hardware Accelerated Video Decode on Intel® Atom™ Processor D2000 and N2000 Series under Fedora 16 Application Note October 2012 Order Number: 509577-003US INFORMATIONLegal Lines and Disclaimers IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH INTEL PRODUCTS. NO LICENSE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, BY ESTOPPEL OR OTHERWISE, TO ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IS GRANTED BY THIS DOCUMENT. EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN INTEL'S TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE FOR SUCH PRODUCTS, INTEL ASSUMES NO LIABILITY WHATSOEVER AND INTEL DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY, RELATING TO SALE AND/OR USE OF INTEL PRODUCTS INCLUDING LIABILITY OR WARRANTIES RELATING TO FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, MERCHANTABILITY, OR INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, COPYRIGHT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT. A “Mission Critical Application” is any application in which failure of the Intel Product could result, directly or indirectly, in personal injury or death. SHOULD YOU PURCHASE OR USE INTEL'S PRODUCTS FOR ANY SUCH MISSION CRITICAL APPLICATION, YOU SHALL INDEMNIFY AND HOLD INTEL AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES, SUBCONTRACTORS AND AFFILIATES, AND THE DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, AND EMPLOYEES OF EACH, HARMLESS AGAINST ALL CLAIMS COSTS, DAMAGES, AND EXPENSES AND REASONABLE ATTORNEYS' FEES ARISING OUT OF, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, ANY CLAIM OF PRODUCT LIABILITY, PERSONAL INJURY, OR DEATH ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF SUCH MISSION CRITICAL APPLICATION, WHETHER OR NOT INTEL OR ITS SUBCONTRACTOR WAS NEGLIGENT IN THE DESIGN, MANUFACTURE, OR WARNING OF THE INTEL PRODUCT OR ANY OF ITS PARTS. Intel may make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time, without notice. Designers must not rely on the absence or characteristics of any features or instructions marked “reserved” or “undefined”. -
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP2 Autoyast Guide Autoyast Guide SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP2
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP2 AutoYaST Guide AutoYaST Guide SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP2 AutoYaST is a system for unattended mass deployment of SUSE Linux Enterprise Server systems. AutoYaST installations are performed using an AutoYaST control le (also called a “prole”) with your customized installation and conguration data. Publication Date: September 24, 2021 SUSE LLC 1800 South Novell Place Provo, UT 84606 USA https://documentation.suse.com Copyright © 2006– 2021 SUSE LLC and contributors. All rights reserved. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or (at your option) version 1.3; with the Invariant Section being this copyright notice and license. A copy of the license version 1.2 is included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License”. For SUSE trademarks, see https://www.suse.com/company/legal/ . All other third-party trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Trademark symbols (®, ™ etc.) denote trademarks of SUSE and its aliates. Asterisks (*) denote third-party trademarks. All information found in this book has been compiled with utmost attention to detail. However, this does not guarantee complete accuracy. Neither SUSE LLC, its aliates, the authors nor the translators shall be held liable for possible errors or the consequences thereof. Contents 1 Introduction to AutoYaST 1 1.1 Motivation 1 1.2 Overview and Concept 1 I UNDERSTANDING AND CREATING THE AUTOYAST CONTROL FILE 4 2 The AutoYaST Control