Studi Kasus Sengketa Perebutan Gunung Kelud Antara Pemerintah Kabupaten Kediri Dan Pemerintah Kabupaten Blitar

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Studi Kasus Sengketa Perebutan Gunung Kelud Antara Pemerintah Kabupaten Kediri Dan Pemerintah Kabupaten Blitar Konflik Kepentingan Daerah: Studi Kasus Sengketa Perebutan Gunung Kelud antara Pemerintah Kabupaten Kediri dan Pemerintah Kabupaten Blitar Nida Zidny Paradhisa* ABSTRAK Sengketa perebutan Gunung Kelud antara Kabupaten Kediri dengan Kabupaten Blitar merupakan konsekuensi dari desentralisasi, sebagai produk otonomi daerah. Kabupaten Kediri dan Kabupaten Blitar sebagai wilayah perbatasan dengan Gunung Kelud memanfaatkan Kelud sebagai obyek politik sesuai dengan kepentingan daerah masing-masing. Persepsi mengenai UU No. 32 tahun 2004 kewenangan sepenuhnya dialihkan kepada daerah otonom, sangat beragam. Benturan antar elit politik sebagai pelaku pemerintah daerah acapkali terjadi. Dalam desentralisasi, permasalahan batas daerah berpengaruh terhadap implementasi kebijaksanaan perimbangan keuangan pusat dan daerah. Peneliti menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan wawancara elite secara snowball yang mendalam, guna memperoleh pemahaman akan mengapa Gunung Kelud diperebutkan serta apa saja yang menjadi kepentingannya. Perbedaan dalam memaknai Gunung Kelud dari Kabupaten Kediri dengan Kabupaten Blitar, menjadi latar belakang kontestasi politik antar kedua Kabupaten tersebut. Masing-masing daerah memiliki perspektif dan keyakinan yang berbeda mengenai Gunung Kelud. Seperti kesalahpahaman dalam memaknai statemen antar Bupati Kediri dan Bupati Blitar, pada tahun 2001- 2002 yang di duga sebagai pemicu awal konflik. Keluarnya Permendagri Nomor 1 Tahun 2006 tentang penegasan batas wilayah serta eksistensi antar Bupati. Konflik antara Kabupaten Kediri dan Kabupaten Blitar sampai sekarang belum mencapai kesepakatan. Pada akhirnya peran Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Timur ikut dilibatkan. Namun, implikasi dari peran pemprov sebagai fasilitator justru tidak menyelesaikan masalah. Turun nya SK Gubernur No. 188/113/KPTS/013/2012 Tentang Penegasan Batas Wilayah yang menyebutkan Gunung Kelud masuk wilayah Kabupaten Kediri, mendapat reaksi keras dari Blitar. Posisi Pemerintah Kabupaten Blitar sebagai daerah yang kurang di untungkan menuntut untuk mencabut SK tersebut. Gubernur di anggap melampaui batas wewenangnya. Kini, kasus Sengketa Perebutan Gunung Kelud masih menunggu putusan PTUN yang berisi SK Gubernur Jawa Timur masih terus berlaku atau di gugurkan. Setelah itu, berlangsungnya sengketa kembali dari awal sampai ditemukan kesepakatan. Keyword: desentralisasi, otonomi daerah, penegasan batas wilayah, kesepakatan ABSTRAK Dispute Kelud struggle between Kediri regency Blitar a consequence of decentralization, as a product of local autonomy. Kediri and Blitar as the border with Kelud utilizing Kelud as political objects according to their respective areas of interest. Perceptions of Law. 32 of 2004 is fully transferred to the authority of the autono- mous region, is very diverse. Conflicts between political elites as government actors often occur. In decentrali- zation, border issues affect the implementation of the policy balance between central and local finances. Researchers using descriptive qualitative method snowball interview in deep elite, in order to gain an under- standing of why Kelud contested and what are its interests. The difference in meaning Kelud Kediri regency of Blitar, a background of political contestation between the two District. Each area has a different perspective and beliefs about Kelud. Such statements misunderstandings in meaning between the Regent and Regent Kediri Blitar, in 2001-2002 were in a suspected trigger of the conflict. The exit Permendagri No. 1 of 2006 on the assertion and the existence of boundaries between the Regent. Conflicts between Kediri and Blitar until now have not reached an agreement. In the end the role of the East Java Provincial Government be involved. However, the implications of the provincial government’s role as a facilitator of it does not solve the problem. Her down Governor Decree No.. 188/113/KPTS/013/2012 About Emphasis Areas that mention Kelud entered the district of Kediri, got a strong reaction from Blitar. The position of the Government of Blitar as an area lacking in profitable demand to revoke the decree. Governors considered beyond its authority. Now, the case of dispute Scramble Kelud still awaiting administrative court decision that contains the East Java Governor Decree still valid or aborted. After that, the ongoing dispute over from scratch to find a deal. Keyword: decentralization, local autonomy, affirmation boundary agreement * Mahasiswa S1 Ilmu Politik FISIP Universitas Airlangga, email: [email protected] 136 Nida Zidny Paradhisa: Konflik Kepentingan Daerah 137 PENDAHULUAN mendeskripsikan faktor-faktor yang melatar Isi Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri No.1 belakangi konflik. Lalu, sejauh mana peran Tahun 2006 tentang penegasan batas daerah Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Timur dalam merupakan produk dari desentralisasi. Kegiatan menangani konflik dan bagaimana implikasi penentuan batas secara pasti di lapangan nya. Secara obyektif peneliti seringkali menjadi pemicu konflik antar daerah mengkualifikasikan argumen sesuai dengan yang saling berbatasan. Sesuai UU No. 32 tahun perspektif Kabupaten Kediri dan Kabupaten 2004 kewenangan sepenuhnya dialihkan Blitar. Dengan demikian penelitian ini kepada daerah otonom. Daerah yang dimaksud bermanfaat untuk menjadi referensi bagi pihak ialah, Provinsi, Kabupaten atau Kota. Implikasi yang mengakomodasi penyelesaian konflik agar dari UU No.32 tahun 2004 memandang sangat ditemui kesepakatan antara Kabupaten Kediri pentingnya penegasan batas daerah karena dan Kabupaten Blitar. berkaitan dengan kewenangan dalam mengelola Berangkat dari latar belakang di atas, maka sumber daya yang ada di daerahnya. Sehingga, penulis membentuk tiga rumusan masalah daerah yang memiliki potensi Sumber Daya penelitian. 1) Apa saja yang menjadi latar Alam terdorong secara pasti untuk mengetahui belakang kontestasi politik antara Pemerintah sejauh mana kewenangannya demi mendukung Kabupaten Kediri dan Pemerintah Kabupaten Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) (Kristiyono, Blitar dalam sengketa perebutan Gunung Kelud? 2008) 2) Bagaimana implikasi dari peran Pemerintah Otonomi daerah memiliki peluang yang Provinsi Jawa Timur dalam sengketa perebutan besar untuk mengembangkan potensi daerah Gunung Kelud yang terjadi antara Pemerintah masing-masing, namun bukan berarti otoritas Kabupaten Kediri dan Pemerintah Kabupaten pemerintah pusat menjadi hilang sama sekali. Blitar? Pemerintah Pusat akan selalu menjadi bahan KAJIAN TEORITIK pertimbangan dalam merumuskan kebijakan di Penelitian ini menggunakan perspektif tingkat daerah, seperti pentingnya batas teori konflik dalam frame otonomi daerah wilayah karena berpengaruh terhadap Dana sebagai produk dari desentralisasi. Sengketa Alokasi Umum (DAU) dan bagi hasil sumber perebutan Gunung Kelud antara Kabupaten daya alam (SDA). Fenomena demikian banyak Kediri dan Kabupaten Blitar berkaitan dengan melahirkan masalah baru di daerah. batas wilayah. Dalam desentralisasi, Permasalahan yang ditimbulkan akibat permasalahan batas daerah berpengaruh desentralisasi seperti konflik kepentingan yang terhadap implementasi kebijaksanaan berkaitan dengan kontrol politik, konflik perimbangan keuangan pusat dan daerah. perbatasan antar pemerintah daerah, masalah Menurut penjelasan secara umum UU No. 32 pengelolaan sumber daya alam, masalah tahun 2004, sumber-sumber penerimaan akuntabilitas antar pemerintah daerah ataupun keuangan yang cukup kepada daerah pemerintah daerah dengan pemerintah pusat. merupakan faktor penunjang terlaksananya Sengketa perebutan kawasan Gunung penyelenggaraan fungsi pemerintah daerah Kelud antara Pemerintah Kabupaten Blitar dan secara optimal. Dengan demikian pada era Pemerintah Kabupaten Kediri, sampai sekarang otonomi, daerah memiliki kewenangan yang merupakan salah satu dari sekian banyak lebih besar. Implikasi nyata di era otonomi, konflik yang terkait dengan batas wilayah antar bahwa daerah akan merasa terancam Pemerintah Daerah. Tema ini menjadi menarik kepentingan politik dan ekonominya bila gagal karena konflik yang terjadi sebagian besar mempertahankan sumber sumber yang bisa dipicu oleh perebutan wilayah yang terdapat meningkatkan pendapatan daerah. Perasaan potensi Sumber Daya Alam (SDA) yang memiliki tersebut mampu menjadi latar belakang pemicu nilai ekonomi, sehingga berpengaruh terhadap konflik dan kesalahpahaman antar daerah yang PAD. Bukan hanya itu, selain berpotensi wisata, bertetangga. Pada dasarnya konflik tercipta dari Gunung Kelud berstatus sebagai Gunung berapi kompetisi memperebutkan akses terhadap aktif sehingga anggaran dari pusat untuk daerah otoritas (kekuasaan) dan sumber ekonomi/ yang memiliki Gunung berapi aktif jelas lebih kemakmuran dari aktor-aktor yang tinggi (Aulia, 2012) . berkepentingan (Hadi, 2007). Melalui jurnal ini peneliti mencoba Kabupaten/Kota sering menerjemahkan 138 Jurnal Politik Muda, Vol 2 No.1, Januari-Maret 2012, hal 136-146 otonomi sebagai ajang memanfaatkan pihak Blitar mempersepsikan kalimat kewenangan seluas-luasnya, untuk terus “silahkan” bukan hanya percakapan antara memperkaya daerahnya. Otonomi daerah bapak dan anak melainkan ada prosedur resmi bukan sekedar dipersepsikan sebagai urusan yang harus dilalui terlebih dahulu. Informan rumah tangga, namun juga ketidakmauan berikutnya dari Kabupaten Blitar, beliau apabila ada pihak lain yang ikut campur. termasuk pejabat struktural di Kabupaten Blitar Demikian terlihat melalui peningkatan daya menyatakan bahwa pada tahun 2002-2003 saing antar daerah yang merupakan implikasi dalam satu forum Pak Sutrisno menyampaikan
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