Environmental Risk Assessment

Poyle Quarry Western Extension Land West of Colne Brook, Foundry Lane, Horton, Slough Environmental Risk Assessment

On behalf of Summerleaze Ltd

Project Ref: 35678/3505 | Rev: 01 | Date: October 2019

Registered Office: Buckingham Court Kingsmead Business Park, London Road, High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, HP11 1JU Office Address: Caversham Bridge House, Waterman Place, Reading, Berkshire RG1 8DN T: +44 (0)118 950 0761 E: [email protected] Environmental Risk Assessment Poyle Quarry Western Extension

Document Control Sheet

Project Name: Poyle Quarry Western Extension Project Ref: 35678/3505 Report Title: Environmental Risk Assessment Doc Ref: 35678/EP/R4 Date: October 2019

Name Position Signature Date

Prepared by: Nicholas Hills Engineer NH 16/10/2019

Reviewed by: Kate Riley Associate KR 16/10/2019

Approved by: Paul Jeffery Director PJ 16/10/2019

For and on behalf of Peter Brett Associates LLP

Revision Date Description Prepared Reviewed Approved

Rev01 10/19 Issue NH VKR PJ

This report has been prepared by Peter Brett Associates LLP (‘PBA’) on behalf of its client to whom this report is addressed (‘Client’) in connection with the project described in this report and takes into account the Client's particular instructions and requirements. This report was prepared in accordance with the professional services appointment under which PBA was appointed by its Client. This report is not intended for and should not be relied on by any third party (i.e. parties other than the Client). PBA accepts no duty or responsibility (including in negligence) to any party other than the Client and disclaims all liability of any nature whatsoever to any such party in respect of this report.

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Contents

1 Introduction ...... 2 1.1 Report Context ...... 2 1.2 Other Reports ...... 2 1.3 Proposed Activity ...... 3 2 Site Setting ...... 4 2.1 Site Details ...... 4 2.2 Topography ...... 4 2.3 Geology and Ground Conditions ...... 4 2.4 Hydrogeology & Hydrology ...... 5 2.5 Historical Land Use ...... 6 2.6 Current Land Use ...... 7 2.7 Ecology ...... 7 3 Risk Assessment ...... 9 3.1 Potential Risks ...... 9 3.2 Potential Hazards ...... 9 3.3 Potential Receptors ...... 14 3.4 Potential Exposure Pathways ...... 16 3.5 Risk Assessment ...... 17 4 Conclusions ...... 1 5 References ...... 2

Figures Figure ERA1: Site Location Plan Figure ERA2: Site Context and Surrounding Land Use Figure ERA3: Potential Receptors

Tables

Table 2.1 Summary of Superficial and Solid Geology ...... 4 Table 2.2 Nearby Landfill Sites ...... 6 Table 2.3 Summary of Off-Site Land Uses ...... 7 Table 2.4 Nearby Ecological Features ...... 8 Table 3.1 Reports related to the Water Environment ...... 12 Table 3.2 Potential Receptors ...... 14 Table 3.2 Potential Exposure Pathways ...... 16 Table 3.3 Risk Assessment...... 1

Appendices Appendix 1 Approved Plans

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1 Introduction

1.1 Report Context

1.1.1 This Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) has been prepared by Peter Brett Associates - now part of Stantec (PBA) for a site in Poyle, near Slough, Berkshire (the Site), known as Poyle Quarry Western Extension The report has been prepared on behalf of Summerleaze Ltd, in support of an Environmental Permit (EP) application for an inert waste landfill following extraction of sand and gravel from the Site. The location of the Site is shown on Figure ERA1.

1.1.2 The report responds to Question 4 and Appendix 4 of Part B4 of the EP application forms (version 10, April 2018), which require the provision of an Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) report to support the EP application and also to pre-application correspondence (EA/EPR/HB3409MJ/A001) with the Environment Agency (EA), copies of which are provided in Appendix A of the ESSD.

1.1.3 This section of the Environmental Permit (EP) application responds to pre-application correspondence (EA/EPR/HB3409MJ/A001) with the Environment Agency (EA), Question 4 and Appendix 4 of Part B4 of the EP application forms (version 10, April 2018), which require the provision of an ERA (this report) to support the EP application.

1.1.4 This ERA is informed by UK Government Guidance “ Risk assessments for your environmental permit ”1.

1.2 Other Reports

1.2.1 This ERA should be read in conjunction with the accompanying and supporting assessments and documents;

° Operating Techniques and Closure Plan (Ref 35678/EP/R2) 2

° Environmental Setting and Site Design (ESSD) (Ref 35678/EP/R3) 3

° Hydrogeological Risk Assessment (HRA) (Ref 35678/EP/R5)4

° Groundwater, Surface Water and Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan (35678/EP/R6) 5

° Flood Risk Assessment (Ref 35678/4001/02 Rev B)6

° Groundwater Control and Mitigation Report (Ref 35678/3501)7

° Recommencement of Mineral Processing, Construction of New Access Road, Transport of As-Raised and Processed Sand and Gravel and Importation of Infill Materials at Poyle Quarry, Poyle Road, Colnebrook, Berkshire. Vibrock. (Air Quality Assessment) (Ref R17.9662/2/SE)8

° Dust Management Plan 9

° Noise Assessment Report, WBM Acoustic Consultants, August 2017 (Ref 4684)10

° Potential Noise Impact of Proposed Scheme on Additional Receptors off Foundry Lane, WBM Acoustic Consultants, April 2018 (Ref 4684)11

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1.3 Proposed Activity

1.3.1 As described in the ESSD 3 the EP application is for an inert landfill, following quarry operations to extract mineral sand and gravel. A planning application for extraction of mineral at the Site was submitted to the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead on 3 rd November 2017 and subsequently permission was granted on the 28 th January 2019, providing planning consent for;

‘Sand and gravel extraction and restoration by infilling with inert waste of Poyle Quarry extension (preferred Area 12) ’

1.3.2 Whilst the Site has not previously been subject to historical mineral extraction or infilling, it is located in an area which has been subject to significant historical mineral excavation and landfilling. Historical and current landfill locations are presented on Figure 2 and include the Horton Brook Quarry and inert landfill located adjacent to the western boundary of the Site.

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2 Site Setting

2.1 Site Details

2.1.1 The location of Poyle Quarry Western Extension (the Site) is shown on Figure ERA1. The Site is centred on National Grid Reference TQ 021 764.

2.1.2 As described within the ESSD 3 the EP application boundary comprises the mineral excavation & inert waste infilling area, and the access/haulage road including the weighbridge area. Parts of the access and haulage road are located within the administrative area for Slough Borough Council (SBC) and therefore separate planning applications were submitted for the mineral extraction (Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead) and the access (SBC).

2.1.3 The extraction & infilling area covers approximately 18 hectares (ha) and is currently in agricultural use. The site access is off Poyle Road and the haulage road crosses a former landfill, and the Colne Brook before terminating at the excavation/infill area. There is an existing weighbridge along part of the access and haulage route.

2.1.4 The extraction area is identified in the Replacement Minerals Local Plan 12 for Berkshire as part of a Preferred Area – 12 (North of Horton).

2.2 Topography

2.2.1 The proposed extraction area is generally flat with levels ranging between 20m above Ordnance Datum (m AOD) in the north/northeast to 19m AOD in the south/southwest.

2.3 Geology and Ground Conditions

2.3.1 The geology in the area, as shown on the British Geological Survey 1:50,000 scale geological map Sheet 269 (BGS, 1999) 13 , and as evidenced by various mineral investigations undertaken at the Site (for further details see Section 3.1.4 of the ESSD) is presented in the table below. The geological map of the area is presented as Drawing 2 in the Groundwater Flow Modelling Report (Golder 2017) 14 .

Table 2.1 Summary of Superficial and Solid Geology

Formation Name Thickness (m) Lithology

Topsoil 0.0-0.2 Gravelly topsoil

Subsoil 0.8-1.2 Dark grey, sandy, gravelly CLAY

Shepperton Medium dense to dense, orange brown, fine to coarse, Gravel Member 1.9-3.3 sandy GRAVEL. Gravel is angular of flint (Superficial)

London Clay >45.9 Stiff and very stiff, grey CLAY (Solid)

Lambeth Group - CLAY with variable proportion of silt, sand and gravel (Solid)

Upper Chalk - CHALK with flints Group (Solid)

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2.3.2 Areas of Infilled Ground and Worked Ground are also present in the area surrounding the Site and these are associated with historical quarries and landfills. The historical quarries are located to the east and north of the Site, as well as the Horton Brook Quarry located immediately to the west of the Site. They are associated with the exploitation of the Shepperton Gravel Member as a mineral resource. The location and extent of the areas of Infilled/Worked Ground is presented on Figure ESSD3.

2.3.3 The access and part of the haul road is indicated to be within a historical landfill that accepted inert and industrial waste, which is understood to be capped with approximately 0.5m clay.

2.3.4 The mineral within the Site has been investigated on three occasions, with a total of 36 boreholes having been drilled in 1974, 2003 and 2004. A plan of the borehole locations and copies of the borehole logs from 2003 and 2004 are provided in Appendix H in the ESSD. The borehole records generally confirm the thickness of the Shepperton Gravel and the presence of the London Clay (to at least 1.4m thickness, i.e. do not prove the full thickness).

2.4 Hydrogeology & Hydrology

2.4.1 Information relating to the hydrological and hydrogeological setting of the Site is presented within the groundwater reports 7, 14 (Section 9 of the EP application) and is summarised below.

2.4.2 The Shepperton Gravel Member and the Upper Chalk Group are locally classified as Principal (formerly Major) Aquifers. The Lambeth Group is also classified as a Principal Aquifer when it is in hydraulic continuity with the Upper Chalk. The London Clay Formation is classified as Unproductive Strata (formerly Non-aquifer). The thick layer of London Clay forms a very low permeability aquiclude between the shallow principal aquifer of the Shepperton Gravel and the deep principal aquifer in the Chalk.

2.4.3 The Shepperton Gravel is classified as being a Principal (Major) Aquifer of ‘High’ vulnerability, according to the Magic map website.

2.4.4 As described in the Groundwater Control and Mitigation Report 15 , groundwater level data for the Site indicates that groundwater levels vary between 18.0m AOD in the north east, and 16.5m AOD to the south west, indicating groundwater flow from north east to south west. This places the groundwater table about 2.0m to 3.0m below ground level in the Shepperton Gravels. Table 2 in the Groundwater Flow Modelling Report 14 indicates the average, minimum and maximum groundwater levels across the Site for the period 2015 to 2016.

2.4.5 In accordance with the Groundwater Flow Modelling report 14 , the horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity value assumed for the Shepperton Gravel is 1.0 x 10 -3 m/s, based on the mean of slug test results on the adjacent Horton Brook Quarry site. It should be noted however that the extensive quarrying, landfilling and reservoir construction (Pawsey et Humphreys, 1976) historically carried out in the area has led to the ‘truncation’ (or partial blockage) of the Shepperton Gravel aquifer.

2.4.6 The Site is not located within a groundwater Source Protection Zone (SPZ) but is located within a drinking water safeguard zone for surface water.

2.4.7 The extraction area is traversed by several small land drains that form part of the agricultural drainage for the land and is surrounded by several drains which are to be removed as part of the proposals as mineral extraction progresses across the extraction area.

2.4.8 The Queen Mother Reservoir is located approximately 750m west of the extraction area, and Wraysbury Reservoir is located approximately 600m to the south east of the extraction area. The Colne Brook flows between the extraction area and the plant site and flows approximately 200m to the east of the extraction area. The Colne Brook continues past the eastern side of the Eric Mortimer Rayner Memorial lakes where the Poyle Channel joins it before meandering

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through a network of lakes to the south of the Site and then outfalls into the River Thames about 4km to the south. The Horton Drain branches off the Colne Brook to the north of the Eric Mortimer Rayner Memorial lakes and flows adjacent to the eastern boundary of the extraction area and then south through Berkyn Manor Farm and Horton village.

2.4.9 The locations of these features are shown on Figure 2.2 in the Flood Risk Assessment 6.

2.5 Historical Land Use

2.5.1 Historical land uses are described in the ESSD 3 and summarised below.

On-Site

2.5.2 Historical Ordnance Survey (OS) mapping indicates that the proposed extraction area has been (undeveloped) open fields since at least 1881 and remains in agricultural use at the time of writing this report. Parts of the haulage road have remained undeveloped since the earliest available historical ordnance survey maps. However, it should be noted that the eastern part of the haulage road and access is indicated to be within the historical Poyle Manor North landfill.

Off-Site

2.5.3 In the area surrounding the Site the historical OS mapping indicates that land use was predominantly agricultural from at least 1881. At this time Colnbrook and Horton villages had already been established to the north and south of the Site. There is little significant change in the area until the late 1960s/early 1970s when the Wraysbury Reservoir is first indicated on the maps. This is followed in the early/mid 1970s by the development of the Queen Mother Reservoir and excavation of the gravel pits to the south of Horton.

2.5.4 Six landfill sites are present within 1km of the Site, including Poyle Manor North landfill that underlies the first part of the access road into the Site off Poyle Rd. The landfills are typically infilled former sand and gravel quarries as described in the ESSD 3 and summarised in the table below.

Table 2.2 Nearby Landfill Sites

Approximate Dates Landfill was Name Wastes Received Distance from Site Active

Horton Brook Quarry Immediately west Ongoing Inert

Poyle Manor North On site (underlies part 1984 - 1988 Inert, Industrial Landfill of access road)

Inert, Industrial, Poyle Manor South Commercial, 250m east 1948 – 1983 Landfill Household, Special, Liquid/Sludge

Inert, Industrial, Colnbrook Landfill 750m north In aftercare Commercial

Inert, Industrial, Tanhouse Farm 800m northeast 1964 - 1991 Commercial, Landfill Liquid/Sludge

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Sutton Lane Landfill 780m northwest 1965 - 1980 Inert, Industrial

2.6 Current Land Use

2.6.1 Current land uses are described in the ESSD 3 and summarised below.

On-Site

2.6.2 The extraction & infilling area is in agricultural use at the time of writing this report. The access & haulage road crosses land predominantly in agricultural use at the time of writing this report.

Off-Site

2.6.3 Off-site land uses at the time of writing this report are summarised in the table below.

Table 2.3 Summary of Off-Site Land Uses

Area Description of Land Use

Extraction area: Agricultural field to the immediate north with Colnbrook village beyond, wrapping around to be adjacent the northern corner of North of the Site the Site. Access and haulage road: Open land and Colnbrook village to the north.

Extraction area: The Horton Drain is adjacent to the eastern site boundary. The Eric Mortimer Rayner Memorial Lakes and agricultural East of the Site land to the east, with Colne Brook beyond. Access and haulage road: Poyle Rd and industrial estate located to the east.

Extraction area: Agricultural land (Berkyn Manor Farm), Arthur Jacob (local) nature reserve and Horton village to the south. South of the Site Access and haulage road: Agricultural land, residential properties and Hilton hotel to the south.

Extraction area: Mineral extraction and inert landfill. West of the Site Access and haulage road: Agricultural land

2.7 Ecology

2.7.1 The MAGIC website 15 indicates the following ecological features to be present within 1km of the Site.

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Table 2.4 Nearby Ecological Features

Feature Designation Location Description

SSSI Citation notes the reservoir Special Protection “supports nationally important Area (SPA), Site of Approximately 600m Wraysbury numbers of wintering cormorant… Special Scientific south east of the Reservoir great crested grebe… and Interest (SSSI), extraction area shoveler ” as well as “wintering Ramsar Site gadwall ”.

Natural England describe the Arthur Approximately 75m nature reserve as “ a series of Jacob Local Nature south east of the derelict sewage sludge lagoons, Nature Reserve extraction area that are being transformed into Reserve important wetland habitat ”.

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3 Risk Assessment

3.1 Potential Risks

3.1.1 This ERA is informed by UK Government Guidance “ Risk assessments for your environmental permit ”1. It specifically relates to the potential risks including the following:

° Odour

° Noise and Vibration

° Fugitive emissions (dust, mud, litter, pests and vermin)

° Discharges to surface or groundwater

° Landfill Gas

° Accidents (fire, spillages and leaks)

3.1.2 In order to assess the risk to identified receptors as a result of the proposed development, pollutant linkages are assessed. A pollutant linkage consists of the following three elements:

° A source/ hazard (chemical or otherwise) that has the potential to cause harm or pollution;

° A pathway for the hazard to move along/ generate exposure; and

° A receptor which is affected by the hazard.

3.1.3 For a pollutant linkage to be identified a connection between all three elements (source- pathway-receptor) is required. In absence of a pollutant linkage, a receptor is not considered to be at risk.

3.1.4 The identified sources, pathways and receptors are considered in the following sections.

3.2 Potential Hazards

Amenity Hazards

Odour

3.2.1 The inert waste proposed for import includes only soil and stones (17 05 04 and 20 02 02) and will not contain putrescible materials. Waste Acceptance Procedures 2 will be in place to mitigate against the potential for non-compliant loads.

3.2.2 In the absence of biodegradable and putrescible materials the inert waste materials are highly unlikely to present any odour risk and therefore odours are not considered further in this risk assessment.

Noise & Vibration

3.2.3 The potential impact of noise from the proposed development has been assessed during the planning application process, and the Noise Assessment Report (WBM, 2017 10 ) and additional Technical Note (WBM, 2018 11 ) were submitted as part of the Environmental Impact Assessment that accompanied the planning application for the Site.

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3.2.4 In the 2017 WBM noise assessment report, it concluded that the predicted site noise levels during site operations would ‘ comply with suggested noise limits ’ and that therefore the ‘ noise emissions would be within environmentally acceptable limits ’. The 2018 WBM technical note concludes that for the specified receptors, the highest calculated site noise level ‘ would not represent a significant adverse impact’ .

3.2.5 The RBWM Planning Permission for the Site is subject to noise related Conditions, summarised as follows. See planning permission 17/03426 for the full wording of each condition:

° 14 – Limitations on working hours

° 15 – Limitations on noise levels at noise sensitive receptors (as identified in the WBM reports) from routine site operations (excavation, filling etc.) to a limit of 55 dB L Aeq, 1 hour, (free field) and from temporary site operations (site preparation, creation of access road, formation of bunds, soil stripping etc.) to a limit of 70 dB L Aeq, 1 hour, (free field) .

° 16 – Noise monitoring to validate predicted noise levels and ensure compliance with Condition 15.

° 17 – All plant, equipment and machinery operating within the Site shall be fitted with silencers and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s specification.

° 18 – Submission to the LA of a plan showing the details of the access road and the layout of the Site.

° 22 – Establishment of a complaints procedure setting out how the operator will record, address and respond to complaints from local residents relating to environmental matters including noise.

3.2.6 Following submission of further information, Condition 22 has subsequently been discharged and it is considered that the remaining conditions will provide appropriate provision to deal with potential noise impacts.

3.2.7 WBM, 2017 10 also considers vibration, noting that “ vibration arising from machinery on mineral sites is not normally perceptible outside the boundary of the site. Indeed, it is rarely perceptible beyond a few metres of working plant ”.

3.2.8 At the time of writing this report, the planning application (P/10012/008) for the parts of the Site located within the SBC administrative area has not been formally determined.

Dust

3.2.9 Particulate emissions can arise from the unloading and on-Site handling and placement of restoration materials, handling of existing on-Site materials and vehicle movements on-Site and on potentially dusty roads.

3.2.10 An Air Quality Assessment (Vibrock, 2017 8) has been prepared which suggests mitigation measures (e.g. speed limits, damping down, wheel washing, use of road sweeper) and concludes that “ It is unlikely that any significant decrease in local air quality will occur due to the proposed development at Poyle. Any dust occurrence event will be limited and of short duration and will be minimised by implementation of the dust control recommendations ” and that “ Overall the effect on air quality of this development with the implementation of suitable dust mitigation measures is considered to be not significant ”.

3.2.11 The RBWM planning permission for the Site contains Conditions related to control of dust, summarised as follows. See planning permission 17/03426 for the full wording of each condition:

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° 17 – All plant, equipment and machinery operating within the Site shall be fitted with silencers and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s specification.

° 19 – None of the permitted operations or activities shall cause dust to be emitted and deposited outside of the Site boundaries.

° 20 – A dust management plan detailing mitigation measures to control dust emissions shall be submitted to and approved in writing by the Local Authority (LA).

° 22 – Establishment of a complaints procedure setting out how the operator will record, address and respond to complaints from local residents relating to environmental matters including dust.

3.2.12 The Dust Management Plan 9 required by Condition 20 has subsequently been prepared which describes the proposed mitigation measures to control dust. This plan was submitted to the LA and was accepted, therefore Condition 20 has subsequently been discharged. As noted above, Condition 22 has also been discharged.

3.2.13 At the time of writing this report, the planning application (P/10012/008) for the parts of the Site located within the SBC administrative area has not been formally determined.

Mud

3.2.14 Vehicles will arrive at the Site via the public highway. As part of the proposals a new dedicated access will be provided off Poyle Road, to the east of the plant site as shown on Drawing Number M16.163.D.008 in Appendix 1.

3.2.15 The proposed construction of the new access road comprises hot rolled asphalt over a bitumen macadam binder course, a bitumen macadam roadbase and a sub-base, as shown on Drawing Number M16.163.D.112 in Appendix 1. Section 3.2 of the Environmental Statement 16 also indicates that the existing haul road within the Site will be extended and surfaced with compacted ballast.

3.2.16 All vehicle movements to and from the excavation and infill area will be across either the hard surfaced access road or compacted and graded haul routes, with limited potential for passing across and spreading mud onto internal and external roads. In addition, all lorries leaving the Site will be required to pass through the wheel wash on the Site.

3.2.17 Whilst vehicles may track over potentially muddy surfaces when on-Site, a wheel wash facility will be maintained and (as described in Vibrock, 20178) “ all lorries will be required to pass through the site wheel wash on exiting the site” . The location of the wheel wash is shown on Drawing Number M16.163.D.008 in Appendix 1).

3.2.18 Section 4.8 of the Operating Techniques and Closure Plan 2 describes the systems and procedures for management of mud including deployment of a roadsweeper when necessary.

Litter

3.2.19 The inert waste proposed for import includes only soil and stones (17 05 04 and 20 02 02) and WAP 2 will be in place to mitigate the potential for non-compliant loads.

3.2.20 There is therefore no litter source and litter does not represent a potential hazard and is not considered further in this risk assessment.

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Pests and Vermin

3.2.21 The inert waste proposed for import will not contain putrescible or biodegradable materials which might attract pests and vermin and WAP 2 will be in place to mitigate the potential for non- compliant loads.

3.2.22 Section 4.6 of the Operating Techniques and Closure Plan2 describes the systems and procedures for management of pests and vermin.

3.2.23 It is therefore considered that pests and vermin do not represent a potential hazard and are not considered further in this risk assessment.

Water Environment

3.2.24 The potential impacts of the proposed development on the local water environment (i.e. groundwater and surface water) have been considered in detailed for the purpose of the approved planning and the EP application, through a series of assessments undertaken by PBA and others.

3.2.25 The reports are summarised in Table 3.1 below and presented in Sections 6, 7 and 9 of the EP Application:

Table 3.1 Reports related to the Water Environment

Document Title and Reference Context Reference Number

A groundwater modelling study undertaken Groundwater Flow Modelling to quantify the hydrogeological impacts of to Assess Quarrying and the proposed development. 1656400.500/A.2 Restoration Impacts – Golder Prepared to support the Environmental Associates March 2017 Impact Assessment prepared as part of the planning application.

A report presenting an assessment of groundwater conditions in the area and Report on Groundwater associated mitigation measures. Control and Mitigation (rev 2) 35678/3501 – PBA October 2019 This report was undertaken to support the Environmental Statement for the planning application and the EP application,

A Flood Risk Assessment (FRA) Flood Risk Assessment - undertaken in accordance with the National 35678/4001/02 PBA October 2017 Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) and Rev B RBWM/SBC local policy.

A qualitative HRA prepared to support the Hydrogeological Risk EP application, to assess potential risks to Assessment – PBA October the groundwater and surface water 35678/EP/R5 2019 environment arising from the proposed development.

Groundwater, Surface Water A report presenting plans for the 35678/EP/R6 and Landfill Gas Monitoring monitoring and reporting of groundwater,

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Plan (rev 3) – PBA October surface water and landfill gases at the Site 2019 during the extraction and infilling phases.

3.2.26 As described within the ESSD 3 and the HRA 4 the design of the proposed landfill is in accordance with the requirements of the Landfill Directive 18 comprising a geological barrier or artificial sealing layer providing at least equivalent to a minimum of 1m of material with a permeability no greater than 1x10 -7 m/s. This will act as a barrier for groundwater flow and it is therefore considered that a significant pathway for leachate to enter groundwater is highly unlikely to be present.

3.2.27 In addition, the inert materials proposed to infill the quarry void are unlikely to generate leachate which will contain discernible concentrations of hazardous substances, subject to the application of the WAC and WAP 2 to mitigate the potential for rogue loads. The HRA concludes that “ the proposed deposition of inert waste does not present a significant risk to controlled waters in the vicinity of the Site during its whole lifecycle ”.

3.2.28 The Groundwater Control and Mitigation Report 7 concludes that “ through suitable regulatory controls and Site management procedures there will not be any potential for new pollution to enter groundwater and adversely impact groundwater quality as a result of the development ”.

3.2.29 It is considered that neither a source of significant contamination nor a significant pathway has been identified, and that there are adequate and robust waste acceptance procedures and mitigation measures in place for protection of controlled waters with reference to potential discharges.

Ecology

3.2.30 A ‘Preliminary Ecological Appraisal’ 18 and ‘Ecological Management Plan’ 19 were carried out for the Site and submitted as part of the RBWM planning application.

3.2.31 Natural England (NE) were consulted on the RBWM planning application with regards to its impact on nearby designated sites and raised no objection stating that ‘ Natural England considers that the proposed development will not have significant adverse impacts on designated sites and has no objection’ .

3.2.32 Planning conditions 11 and 23 of RBWM – Planning Permission 17/03426 relate to ecology and are summarised as follows. See planning permission 17/03426 for the full wording of each condition:

° 11 – No development shall take place until full details of tree and hedgerow planting have been submitted to and approved in writing by the Local Planning Authority.

° 23 – Prior to commencement, details of all biodiversity enhancements to be incorporated into the development shall be submitted to and approved in writing by the Local Planning Authority.

3.2.33 It is considered that significant adverse impacts on ecological features and receptors has not been identified, and together with the Ecological Management Plan 19 and the work required for discharge of planning conditions 11 and 23, potential risks to ecological receptors has been or will be fully addressed and therefore ecology has not been considered any further in this risk assessment.

Landfill Gas Risk Screening

3.2.34 Guidance available from the Environment Agency ‘Guidance on the Management of Landfill Gas (LFTGN03)’20, states that ‘New inert landfills ought not to pose a landfill gas hazard’ and

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the ‘landfill gas source should be demonstrably negligible ’ for new inert landfills assuming that the Waste Acceptance Procedures are robust. On this basis, a Landfill Gas Risk Assessment has not been prepared for the Site

3.2.35 In accordance with the EA guidance, perimeter (external to the waste) monitoring wells for landfill gas are not proposed at the Site (see Section 3 of the Monitoring Plan) 5.

3.2.36 In-waste gas monitoring infrastructure will be installed as per the requirements of LFTGN03 and the Landfill Directive 17 and as described within Section 3.1 of the Monitoring Plan 5 with monitoring proposed to commence immediately following installation of the first two landfill gas monitoring wells as described in Section 3.2 of the Monitoring Plan 5.

3.2.37 Landfill gas management is not anticipated to be required at the Site, during the whole lifecycle of the project.

3.2.38 Based on the landfill gas risk screening carried out as part of this assessment, it is considered that landfill gas does not represent a potential hazard and it is not considered further in this assessment.

Accidents

3.2.39 Section 2.2 of the Operating Techniques and Closure Plan 2 describes the systems and procedures for the management of accidents, including fire, spillages and leaks, and vandalism.

3.2.40 Summary of Potential Sources On the basis of the identified potential hazards above, the following sources are taken forward:

° Noise

° Dust

° Mud

° Discharges to surface water and groundwater

° Accidents

3.3 Potential Receptors

3.3.1 The potential receptors identified (as informed by UK Government Guidance 1) are listed in Table 3.2 below. Receptors are numbered 1 to 19 and are shown on Figure ERA3.

Table 3.2 Potential Receptors

Approximate Minimum Reference Receptor Receptor Type Distance from Number EP Application Boundary

Wraysbury Reservoir 600m south east 1 Ecological of extraction (SSSI, SPA, Ramsar Site) area.

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Environmental Risk Assessment Poyle Quarry Western Extension

75m south east Arthur Jacob Nature Reserve (Local 2 of extraction Nature Reserve) area.

Shepperton Gravel Member (principal 3 Within boundary aquifer) Groundwater Two groundwater abstractions for (Controlled Approximately “general farming and domestic ” use Waters) 4 190m south of located at Berkyn Manor Farm. Licence extraction area. No. 28-204.

30m east of 5 Eric Mortimer Rayner Memorial Lakes extraction area.

750m west of 6 Queen Mother Reservoir extraction area.

600m south east 7 Wraysbury Reservoir of extraction area.

Surface Water 240m east of extraction area, 8 Colne Brook (Controlled haul road Waters) crosses.

240m east of extraction area, 9 Poyle Channel adjacent to southern edge of access/haul.

Adjacent to 10 Horton Drain eastern edge of extraction area.

Adjacent to Colnbrook Village – nearest are northern corner 11 properties on Drift Way and Moreland of extraction Avenue area.

Adjacent to Residential Poyle Village – nearest are Riverside southern 12 Bungalows boundary of site access road.

Horton Village – nearest are properties 290m south of 13 south of Stanwell Road extraction area.

Adjacent to eastern edge of Commercial 14 Britannia Trading Estate site access road and Industrial across Poyle Road.

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Environmental Risk Assessment Poyle Quarry Western Extension

Immediately 15 Hilton Hotel south of access road

Horton – nearest is waste transfer site at Adjacent to 16 Berkyn Manor Farm. Beyond are southern edge of Ashgood Farm and Berkyn Manor Farm extraction area.

Adjacent to south of Agricultural land to the south and access/haulage southeast of the Site. Property road, 230m east 17 (It is noted that this land is itself an area (animal & crop) of extraction of restored landfill) area beyond Eric Mortimer Rayner Memorial Lakes.

Adjacent to Public Rights of 18 Colne Valley Way western edge of Way extraction area.

Immediately east of where the new 19 Poyle Road Public Highway access road joins Poyle Road

3.3.2 As described in the Groundwater Control and Mitigation Report 7, the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead (RBWM) and SBC have both confirmed that no records of private water abstractions exist within the general Site area. There are however two water abstraction wells in the vicinity of the Site, approximately 500m to the north and 170m to the south of the Site, and both are for agricultural use.

3.4 Potential Exposure Pathways

3.4.1 The potential exposure pathways for each of the risk types identified above are listed in Table 3.2 below.

Table 3.2 Potential Exposure Pathways

Risk Type Pathway

Noise Atmosphere/air

Uncontrolled or unintended Atmosphere/air (dust) ‘fugitive’ Tracked on vehicle wheels (mud) emissions

Discharges to Leaching surface or Migration through permeable strata groundwater Surface runoff

Atmosphere, Migration through permeable strata, surface runoff (fire or Accidents failure to contain fire fighting waters)

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Surface Runoff (leakages and spills)

3.5 Risk Assessment

3.5.1 The specific risk assessments for noise, dust, mud, discharges to surface water and groundwater and accidents are presented in Table 3.3 (risk assessment) below.

3.5.2 The risk assessment table looks at each specific source/hazard identified and assesses the likelihood of those hazards impacting on the receptors. This takes into account the pathway, any risk mitigation/management, probability of exposure and consequence to provide an overall risk level based on professional judgement.

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Table 3.3 Risk Assessment

Probability of Overall/Residual Hazard Receptor Pathway Risk Management Techniques Consequence Exposure/Impact Risk

Noise resulting from: Occupants of nearby As identified within; Extraction, transport, residential properties processing and export • Noise Assessment Report, Workers in nearby of mineral WBM Acoustic Consultants, Low due to mitigation commercial and industrial 10 Atmosphere/air August 2017 measures as Local - Low Very Low Use of dewatering properties and users of the • described. pumps adjacent hotel Potential Noise Impact of Proposed Scheme on Import, tipping and Users of adjacent Colne Additional Receptors off grading of inert waste Valley Way Foundry Lane, WBM Acoustic materials Consultants, April 2018 11

Occupants of nearby residential properties Workers in nearby Dust resulting from: commercial and industrial properties and users of the Extraction, transport, adjacent hotel As identified within: processing and export Low due to mitigation of mineral Users of adjacent Colne Atmosphere/air • Dust Management Plan 9 measures as Local - Low Very Low Valley Way described. Import, tipping and • Air Quality Assessment 8 grading of inert waste Ecological Receptors materials (Wraysbury Reservoir & Arthur Jacob Nature Reserve) Nearby farmland

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Environmental Risk Assessment Poyle Quarry Western Extension

Probability of Overall/Residual Hazard Receptor Pathway Risk Management Techniques Consequence Exposure/Impact Risk

Section 4.8 of the Operating Direct transfer - Techniques and Closure Plan 2 Low based on the risk Mud Users of local roads tracked on Medium Low describes the systems and procedures management vehicle wheels for control of mud.

The proposed waste type (inert) will have negligible leaching potential (i.e. do not present a significant risk to Controlled Waters Leaching and controlled waters) Leachate (groundwater and surface migration Low based on the risk The Operator’s WAP 2 will mitigate the Medium/Low Low water) through waste management potential for rogue loads. materials The proposed landfill will include engineered containment as described in the ESSD 3

Site workers/personnel Users of adjacent Colne Valley Way Residents and workers in Unlikely. nearby residential and Atmosphere commercial/industrial Section 2.2.3 of the Operating The inert wastes properties. Surface Runoff Techniques and Closure Plan 2 Accidents – Fire proposed will not Medium/Low Very Low describes the systems and procedures Ecological Receptors Infiltration contain for management and prevention of fires flammable/combustible (Wraysbury Reservoir & Arthur Jacob Nature material Reserve) Controlled Waters (groundwater and surface water)

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Environmental Risk Assessment Poyle Quarry Western Extension

Probability of Overall/Residual Hazard Receptor Pathway Risk Management Techniques Consequence Exposure/Impact Risk

Section 2.2.4 of the Operating Controlled Waters Techniques and Closure Plan 2 Accidents – Leakages Unlikely due to (groundwater and surface Surface Runoff describes the systems and procedures Medium Very Low/Low and spills measures in place. water) for management and prevention of spills and leakages

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4 Conclusions

4.1.1 The site-specific risk assessments in this report indicate a worst-case Low risk (overall/residual) from the proposed development on the identified potential receptors, assuming adherence to the proposed operating plan, mitigation measures and planning conditions. It is considered that a low risk is unlikely to cause any significant effects or impacts to human health, controlled waters or the environment.

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Environmental Risk Assessment Poyle Quarry Western Extension

5 References

1) Department for the Environment, Food and Rural affairs ( www.gov.uk ). Risk assessments for your environmental permit – guidance.

2) Summerleaze. Operating Techniques and Closure Plan, Poyle Quarry. August 2019.

3) Peter Brett Associates. Environmental Setting and Site Design Report. Poyle Quarry Western Extension. August 2019 (Ref 35678/EP/R3)

4) Peter Brett Associates. Hydrogeological Risk Assessment. Poyle Quarry Western Extension. August 2019 (Ref 35678/EP/R5)

5) Peter Brett Associates. Groundwater, Surface Water and Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan. Poyle Quarry Western Extension. August 2019 (Ref 35678/EP/R6)

6) Peter Brett Associates. Flood Risk Assessment. Poyle Quarry Western Extension. October 2017.

7) Peter Brett Associates. Report on Groundwater Control and Mitigation. Poyle Quarry Western Extension. September 2017

8) Vibrock. Recommencement of Mineral Processing, Construction of New Access Road, Transport of As-Raised and Processed Sand and Gravel, Importation of Infill Materials at Poyle Quarry, Poyle Road, Colnbrook, Berkshire. September 2017. (Air Quality Assessment)

9) Condition 20 – Dust Management Plan

10) WBM Acoustic Consultants. Noise assessment Report, Poyle Quarry. August 2017.

11) WBM Acoustic Consultants. Technical Note. Potential Noise Impact of Proposed Scheme on Additional Receptors off Foundry Lane. April 2018.

12) Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead. The Replacement Minerals Local Plan for Berkshire (Incorporating the Alterations Adopted in December 1997 and May 2001). Joint Strategic Planning Unit.

13) British Geological Survey. Sheet 269 Windsor, 1:50,000 scale Solid and Drift. 1999.

14) Golder Associates. Groundwater Flow Modelling to Assess Quarrying and Restoration Impacts. Berkyn Manor (Poyle) Quarry Western Extension.

15) DEFRA. MagicMap viewer (online, accessed July 2019)

16) Summerleaze. Volume 2 Environmental Statement. Land west of Colne Brook, Foundry Lane, Horton. November 2017.

17) European Community (EC) Directive 1999/31/EC on the landfill of waste

18) Andrews Ecology. Preliminary Ecological Appraisal of Land at Poyle, near Slough Berkshire, SL3 0LR. August 2017

19) Andrew Ecology. Ecological Management Plan for Poyle Plant site, Poyle Road, Slough, Berkshire, SL3 0HG. September 2017

20) Environment Agency. Guidance on the management of landfill gas. LFTGN03. September 2004.

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Environmental Risk Assessment Poyle Quarry Western Extension

FIGURES

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SITE LOCATION

POYLE QUARRY WESTERN EXTENSION 0 1000 2000 Site Grid Ref: TQ 021 764

metres SITE LOCATION PLAN

Client

now part of Date of 1st Issue Drawn by 31.07.2019 davco A4 Scale Checked by 1:50 000 VKR peterbrett.com Figure Number © Peter Brett Associates LLP Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2018 READING ERA 1 Tel: 01189 500 761 user name: cotton, david File Location: \\pba.int\cbh\projects\35678 - poyle quarry\geo\03 figures & dwgs\cad\dwgs\ep application drawings\era\35678 era 1.dwg Key

Approximate Site Boundary

SSSI & RAMSAR/SPA Sites Sutton Lane No.2 Colnbrook Local Nature Reserve Landfill Tanhouse Permitted Landfill Farm No.1&2 Poyle Manor Historical Landfill South landfill Tanhouse Farm, Colnbrook

Egglesey Farm Area C

Horton Poyle Manor North Brook Quarry Rosary Farm

Poyle Longford I I Manor Arthur Jacob Nature Reserve South Blackthorn landfill Horton Eton Rural District Road Road Council Landfill Landfill

Kingsmead Quarry

Staines Moor SSSI Spout Kingsmead Wraysbury Lane Tip Landfill No. 1 Landfill Stanwell Gravel Pit Hithermoor Moor SSSI Farm Road © Environment Agency copyright and/or database right 2018. All rights reserved. Wraysbury Landfill West Contains information © Local Authorities Reservoir Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2019. SSSI Lower Mill Farm, Landfill Kingsmead Quarry Landfill Stanwell Moor Stanwell POYLE QUARRY WESTERN EXTENSION Station Road Landfill No.2 Landfill SITE CONTEXT AND SURROUNDING Brett LAND USE Aggregates, Wraysbury Hithermoor Client & Hythe Farm End Gravel Pits SSSI now part of Date of 1st Issue Drawn by Wraysbury Staines 31.07.2019 davco 0 500 1000 Landfill Moor A3 Scale Checked by Wraysbury 1:20 000 VKR metres Site SSSI peterbrett.com Figure Number & Hythe © Peter Brett Associates LLP READING End ERA 2 Tel: 01189 500 761 Gravel user name: cotton, david File Location: \\pba.int\cbh\projects\35678 - poyle quarry\geo\03 figures & dwgs\cad\dwgs\ep application drawings\era\35678 era 2.dwg Key

Approximate Site Boundary

Potential Receptors Identified in Table 3.2 of the 15 Environmental Risk Assessment

3 15 9 14 10

Horton Drain

Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2019.

POYLE QUARRY WESTERN EXTENSION

1 7 ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT POTENTIAL RECEPTORS

Client

now part of Date of 1st Issue Drawn by 31.07.2019 davco A3 Scale Checked by 1: 10 000 VKR 0 500 peterbrett.com Figure Number © Peter Brett Associates LLP metres READING ERA 3 Tel: 01189 500 761 user name: cotton, david File Location: \\pba.int\cbh\projects\35678 - poyle quarry\geo\03 figures & dwgs\cad\dwgs\ep application drawings\era\35678 era 3.dwg Environmental Risk Assessment Poyle Quarry Western Extension

Appendix 1 Approved Plans

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R l

L L

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C I D P Weir McKay Estate

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N A L

U O F SBC PLANNING RECEIVED : 08.08.18