Oracle® Linux 7 Release Notes for Oracle Linux 7.3
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Administració De Sistemes GNU Linux Mòdul4 Administració
Administració local Josep Jorba Esteve PID_00238577 GNUFDL • PID_00238577 Administració local Es garanteix el permís per a copiar, distribuir i modificar aquest document segons els termes de la GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 o qualsevol altra de posterior publicada per la Free Software Foundation, sense seccions invariants ni textos de la oberta anterior o posterior. Podeu consultar els termes de la llicència a http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl-1.3.html. GNUFDL • PID_00238577 Administració local Índex Introducció.................................................................................................. 5 1. Eines bàsiques per a l'administrador........................................... 7 1.1. Eines gràfiques i línies de comandes .......................................... 8 1.2. Documents d'estàndards ............................................................. 10 1.3. Documentació del sistema en línia ............................................ 13 1.4. Eines de gestió de paquets .......................................................... 15 1.4.1. Paquets TGZ ................................................................... 16 1.4.2. Fedora/Red Hat: paquets RPM ....................................... 19 1.4.3. Debian: paquets DEB ..................................................... 24 1.4.4. Nous formats d'empaquetat: Snap i Flatpak .................. 28 1.5. Eines genèriques d'administració ................................................ 36 1.6. Altres eines ................................................................................. -
Storage Administration Guide Storage Administration Guide SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP4
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP4 Storage Administration Guide Storage Administration Guide SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP4 Provides information about how to manage storage devices on a SUSE Linux Enterprise Server. Publication Date: September 24, 2021 SUSE LLC 1800 South Novell Place Provo, UT 84606 USA https://documentation.suse.com Copyright © 2006– 2021 SUSE LLC and contributors. All rights reserved. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or (at your option) version 1.3; with the Invariant Section being this copyright notice and license. A copy of the license version 1.2 is included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License”. For SUSE trademarks, see https://www.suse.com/company/legal/ . All other third-party trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Trademark symbols (®, ™ etc.) denote trademarks of SUSE and its aliates. Asterisks (*) denote third-party trademarks. All information found in this book has been compiled with utmost attention to detail. However, this does not guarantee complete accuracy. Neither SUSE LLC, its aliates, the authors nor the translators shall be held liable for possible errors or the consequences thereof. Contents About This Guide xii 1 Available Documentation xii 2 Giving Feedback xiv 3 Documentation Conventions xiv 4 Product Life Cycle and Support xvi Support Statement for SUSE Linux Enterprise Server xvii • Technology Previews xviii I FILE SYSTEMS AND MOUNTING 1 1 Overview -
Not for Sale Not for Sale
chapter 3 Installing Fedora Now comes the moment of truth. You’ve done the homework, figured out how you want to install your copy of Fedora, and you’re ready to go. This chapter won’t disappoint you. Its sole goal is to walk you through the installation process using the Anaconda graphical installer. Along the way, you will: ■ Discover how to explore Fedora—without installing it. ■ Choose which option will be best for you, installing Fedora alone or along- side another operating system. ■ Journey step by step through the installation process. ■ Create one or more users for your Fedora machine. Try Before You Buy © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. No distribution allowed without express authorization. This section may leave you scratching your head and wondering why you just went through all of the preparation in Chapter 2. Be patient, there’s a method to this madness. All spins of Fedora are currently available to users as a LiveCD version. “LiveCD” is the label for operating systems that can be booted and run right from the CD itself—without installing on your computer’s hard drive. 41 Game Developing GWX Not For Sale Not For Sale 42 Chapter 3 ■ Installing Fedora This means that when you insert your Fedora CD into the disc drive and restart your computer, Fedora will automatically begin running on your computer without putting on any new files or touching pre-existing data on your machine. Fedora just starts up and runs. So why, you ask, should I bother installing Fedora at all? I can just run it from the CD. -
Rootless Containers with Podman and Fuse-Overlayfs
CernVM Workshop 2019 (4th June 2019) Rootless containers with Podman and fuse-overlayfs Giuseppe Scrivano @gscrivano Introduction 2 Rootless Containers • “Rootless containers refers to the ability for an unprivileged user (i.e. non-root user) to create, run and otherwise manage containers.” (https://rootlesscontaine.rs/ ) • Not just about running the container payload as an unprivileged user • Container runtime runs also as an unprivileged user 3 Don’t confuse with... • sudo podman run --user foo – Executes the process in the container as non-root – Podman and the OCI runtime still running as root • USER instruction in Dockerfile – same as above – Notably you can’t RUN dnf install ... 4 Don’t confuse with... • podman run --uidmap – Execute containers as a non-root user, using user namespaces – Most similar to rootless containers, but still requires podman and runc to run as root 5 Motivation of Rootless Containers • To mitigate potential vulnerability of container runtimes • To allow users of shared machines (e.g. HPC) to run containers without the risk of breaking other users environments • To isolate nested containers 6 Caveat: Not a panacea • Although rootless containers could mitigate these vulnerabilities, it is not a panacea , especially it is powerless against kernel (and hardware) vulnerabilities – CVE 2013-1858, CVE-2015-1328, CVE-2018-18955 • Castle approach : it should be used in conjunction with other security layers such as seccomp and SELinux 7 Podman 8 Rootless Podman Podman is a daemon-less alternative to Docker • $ alias -
Automating Identity Management with Ansible Automation
Automating Identity Management with Ansible Automation Brad Krumme Solutions Architect 1 INTRODUCTION SysAdmin Background RHCE and Ansible Specialist Love Sports/Performance Cars Also love Craft Beer and Bourbon Brad Krumme Solutions Architect 2 Agenda What we’ll ▸ Overview of Red Hat Identity Management ▸ Overview of Ansible Automation Platform discuss today ▸ Identity Management Automation Use Case ▸ Ansible Setup Considerations ▸ Automation In Practice ▸ Extra Resources 3 Red Hat Identity Red Hat Identity Management provides a centralized and clear Management Overview method for managing identities for users, machines, and services within large Linux/Unix enterprise environments. 4 IdM Server - responsibilities Identity Store ● Users, Hosts, Services ● Groups (User and Host) Authentication ● Passwords, 2FA (Smart Cards, OTP soft/hard tokens) ● SSO ● What is expected from the Client/Server certificates (PKI) service? Authorization ● Access rules per host ● Privileged operations ● IdM itself - RBAC - user roles and admin delegations Security-related service management ● Secrets (passwords) ● Linux - SUDO, SELinux, etc. 5 Auditing and reporting IdM Server - standard Infrastructure ● LDAP: old & proven protocol for sharing data, interfaces sometimes authentication too (v3 from *1997) ● Kerberos: old & proven protocol for authentication (*1993, revised 2005) ● Deprecated: NIS, NTLM How Identity Servers interact Applications with the outer world ● LDAP: user details, often authentication too ● Kerberos: authentication (SSO), mostly for internal -
Release Notes for Fedora 22
Fedora 22 Release Notes Release Notes for Fedora 22 Edited by The Fedora Docs Team Copyright © 2015 Fedora Project Contributors. The text of and illustrations in this document are licensed by Red Hat under a Creative Commons Attribution–Share Alike 3.0 Unported license ("CC-BY-SA"). An explanation of CC-BY-SA is available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/. The original authors of this document, and Red Hat, designate the Fedora Project as the "Attribution Party" for purposes of CC-BY-SA. In accordance with CC-BY-SA, if you distribute this document or an adaptation of it, you must provide the URL for the original version. Red Hat, as the licensor of this document, waives the right to enforce, and agrees not to assert, Section 4d of CC-BY-SA to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law. Red Hat, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, the Shadowman logo, JBoss, MetaMatrix, Fedora, the Infinity Logo, and RHCE are trademarks of Red Hat, Inc., registered in the United States and other countries. For guidelines on the permitted uses of the Fedora trademarks, refer to https:// fedoraproject.org/wiki/Legal:Trademark_guidelines. Linux® is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States and other countries. Java® is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates. XFS® is a trademark of Silicon Graphics International Corp. or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries. MySQL® is a registered trademark of MySQL AB in the United States, the European Union and other countries. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. -
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 Security Hardening
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 Security hardening Securing Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 Last Updated: 2021-09-06 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 Security hardening Securing Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 Legal Notice Copyright © 2021 Red Hat, Inc. The text of and illustrations in this document are licensed by Red Hat under a Creative Commons Attribution–Share Alike 3.0 Unported license ("CC-BY-SA"). An explanation of CC-BY-SA is available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ . In accordance with CC-BY-SA, if you distribute this document or an adaptation of it, you must provide the URL for the original version. Red Hat, as the licensor of this document, waives the right to enforce, and agrees not to assert, Section 4d of CC-BY-SA to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law. Red Hat, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, the Shadowman logo, the Red Hat logo, JBoss, OpenShift, Fedora, the Infinity logo, and RHCE are trademarks of Red Hat, Inc., registered in the United States and other countries. Linux ® is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States and other countries. Java ® is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates. XFS ® is a trademark of Silicon Graphics International Corp. or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries. MySQL ® is a registered trademark of MySQL AB in the United States, the European Union and other countries. Node.js ® is an official trademark of Joyent. Red Hat is not formally related to or endorsed by the official Joyent Node.js open source or commercial project. -
In Search of the Ideal Storage Configuration for Docker Containers
In Search of the Ideal Storage Configuration for Docker Containers Vasily Tarasov1, Lukas Rupprecht1, Dimitris Skourtis1, Amit Warke1, Dean Hildebrand1 Mohamed Mohamed1, Nagapramod Mandagere1, Wenji Li2, Raju Rangaswami3, Ming Zhao2 1IBM Research—Almaden 2Arizona State University 3Florida International University Abstract—Containers are a widely successful technology today every running container. This would cause a great burden on popularized by Docker. Containers improve system utilization by the I/O subsystem and make container start time unacceptably increasing workload density. Docker containers enable seamless high for many workloads. As a result, copy-on-write (CoW) deployment of workloads across development, test, and produc- tion environments. Docker’s unique approach to data manage- storage and storage snapshots are popularly used and images ment, which involves frequent snapshot creation and removal, are structured in layers. A layer consists of a set of files and presents a new set of exciting challenges for storage systems. At layers with the same content can be shared across images, the same time, storage management for Docker containers has reducing the amount of storage required to run containers. remained largely unexplored with a dizzying array of solution With Docker, one can choose Aufs [6], Overlay2 [7], choices and configuration options. In this paper we unravel the multi-faceted nature of Docker storage and demonstrate its Btrfs [8], or device-mapper (dm) [9] as storage drivers which impact on system and workload performance. As we uncover provide the required snapshotting and CoW capabilities for new properties of the popular Docker storage drivers, this is a images. None of these solutions, however, were designed with sobering reminder that widespread use of new technologies can Docker in mind and their effectiveness for Docker has not been often precede their careful evaluation. -
Release Notes for Fedora 20
Fedora 20 Release Notes Release Notes for Fedora 20 Edited by The Fedora Docs Team Copyright © 2013 Fedora Project Contributors. The text of and illustrations in this document are licensed by Red Hat under a Creative Commons Attribution–Share Alike 3.0 Unported license ("CC-BY-SA"). An explanation of CC-BY-SA is available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/. The original authors of this document, and Red Hat, designate the Fedora Project as the "Attribution Party" for purposes of CC-BY-SA. In accordance with CC-BY-SA, if you distribute this document or an adaptation of it, you must provide the URL for the original version. Red Hat, as the licensor of this document, waives the right to enforce, and agrees not to assert, Section 4d of CC-BY-SA to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law. Red Hat, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, the Shadowman logo, JBoss, MetaMatrix, Fedora, the Infinity Logo, and RHCE are trademarks of Red Hat, Inc., registered in the United States and other countries. For guidelines on the permitted uses of the Fedora trademarks, refer to https:// fedoraproject.org/wiki/Legal:Trademark_guidelines. Linux® is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States and other countries. Java® is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates. XFS® is a trademark of Silicon Graphics International Corp. or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries. MySQL® is a registered trademark of MySQL AB in the United States, the European Union and other countries. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. -
MINCS - the Container in the Shell (Script)
MINCS - The Container in the Shell (script) - Masami Hiramatsu <[email protected]> Tech Lead, Linaro Ltd. Open Source Summit Japan 2017 LEADING COLLABORATION IN THE ARM ECOSYSTEM Who am I... Masami Hiramatsu - Linux kernel kprobes maintainer - Working for Linaro as a Tech Lead LEADING COLLABORATION IN THE ARM ECOSYSTEM Demo # minc top # minc -r /opt/debian/x86_64 # minc -r /opt/debian/arm64 --arch arm64 LEADING COLLABORATION IN THE ARM ECOSYSTEM What Is MINCS? My Personal Fun Project to learn how linux containers work :-) LEADING COLLABORATION IN THE ARM ECOSYSTEM What Is MINCS? Mini Container Shell Scripts (pronounced ‘minks’) - Container engine implementation using POSIX shell scripts - It is small (~60KB, ~2KLOC) (~20KB in minimum) - It can run on busybox - No architecture dependency (* except for qemu/um mode) - No need for special binaries (* except for libcap, just for capsh --exec) - Main Features - Namespaces (Mount, PID, User, UTS, Net*) - Cgroups (CPU, Memory) - Capabilities - Overlay filesystem - Qemu cross-arch/system emulation - User-mode-linux - Image importing from dockerhub And all are done by CLI commands :-) LEADING COLLABORATION IN THE ARM ECOSYSTEM Why Shell Script? That is my favorite language :-) - Easy to understand for *nix administrators - Just a bunch of commands - Easy to modify - Good for prototyping - Easy to deploy - No architecture dependencies - Very small - Able to run on busybox (+ libcap is perfect) LEADING COLLABORATION IN THE ARM ECOSYSTEM MINCS Use-Cases For Learning - Understand how containers work For Development - Prepare isolated (cross-)build environment For Testing - Test new applications in isolated environment - Test new kernel features on qemu using local tools For products? - Maybe good for embedded devices which has small resources LEADING COLLABORATION IN THE ARM ECOSYSTEM What Is A Linux Container? There are many linux container engines - Docker, LXC, rkt, runc, .. -
USB Composite Gadget Using CONFIG-FS on Dra7xx Devices
Application Report SPRACB5–September 2017 USB Composite Gadget Using CONFIG-FS on DRA7xx Devices RaviB ABSTRACT This application note explains how to create a USB composite gadget, network control model (NCM) and abstract control model (ACM) from the user space using Linux® CONFIG-FS on the DRA7xx platform. Contents 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 2 2 USB Composite Gadget Using CONFIG-FS ............................................................................. 3 3 Creating Composite Gadget From User Space.......................................................................... 4 4 References ................................................................................................................... 8 List of Figures 1 Block Diagram of USB Composite Gadget............................................................................... 3 2 Selection of CONFIGFS Through menuconfig........................................................................... 4 3 Select USB Configuration Through menuconfig......................................................................... 4 4 Composite Gadget Configuration Items as Files and Directories ..................................................... 5 5 VID, PID, and Manufacturer String Configuration ....................................................................... 6 6 Kernel Logs Show Enumeration of USB Composite Gadget by Host ................................................ 6 7 Ping -
Freeipa 1.2.1 Installation and Deployment Guide
freeIPA 1.2.1 Installation and Deployment Guide IPA Solutions from the IPA Experts Installation and Deployment Guide freeIPA 1.2.1 Installation and Deployment Guide IPA Solutions from the IPA Experts Edition 1.0 Copyright © 2008 Red Hat. This material may only be distributed subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Open Publication License, V1.0 or later. The latest version of the OPL is presently available at http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/. Red Hat and the Red Hat "Shadow Man" logo are registered trademarks of Red Hat, Inc. in the United States and other countries. All other trademarks referenced herein are the property of their respective owners. The GPG fingerprint of the [email protected] key is: CA 20 86 86 2B D6 9D FC 65 F6 EC C4 21 91 80 CD DB 42 A6 0E 1801 Varsity Drive Raleigh, NC 27606-2072 USA Phone: +1 919 754 3700 Phone: 888 733 4281 Fax: +1 919 754 3701 PO Box 13588 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA This guide covers the basic considerations that should be addressed before deploying IPA. It also covers the installation and configuration of each of the supported server platforms. Preface v 1. Audience ........................................................................................................................ v 2. Document Conventions ................................................................................................... v 2.1. Typographic Conventions ...................................................................................... v 2.2. Pull-quote Conventions .......................................................................................