DOCSLIB.ORG

Issue Full File

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Issue Full File Bazı Etanolik Propolis Örneklerinin α-Glukosidaz ve α- Α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase Inhibition of Some Ethanolic Amilaz İnhibisyonu Propolis Samples Nimet BALTAŞ Nimet BALTAŞ Güneybatı Ege Bölgesinde Nosema Türlerinin Mikroskobik Mıcroscopıc and Molecular Detectıon of Nosema Sp. in the ve Moleküler Olarak Belirlenmesi Southwest Aegean Region Serengül Kartal, Rahşan İvgin Tunca, Okan Özgül, Kemal Serengül Kartal, Rahşan İvgin Tunca, Okan Özgül, Kemal Karabağ, Hasan Koç Karabağ, Hasan Koç Akarisit Amitraz ve Fluvalinat'ın Bal Arısı Apis mellifera'nın Effect of Miticides Amitraz and Fluvalinate on Üreme ve Verimliliğine Etkisi Reproduction and Productivity of Honey Bee Apis Mellifera Rustem A. ILYASOV, Sooho LIM, Myeong Lyeol LEE, Hyung Rustem A. ILYASOV1,2*, Sooho LIM1 Myeong Lyeol LEE1, Wook KWON, Alexey G. NIKOLENKO Hyung Wook KWON1*, Alexey G. NIKOLENKO Efficacy Of Essential Oils of Thymbra capitata L. and Tunus'ta Toplanan Thymbra capitata L. ve Mentha pulegium Mentha pulegium L. Collected in Tunisia on Larvae of L. Esansiyel Yağlarının Galleria mellonella L. Üzerine Etkisi Galleria mellonella L. Sarra NCIBI, Abir BEN AMOR, Faten BEN ABDELKADER Sarra NCIBI, Abir BEN AMOR, Faten BEN ABDELKADER Tunceli Ballarının Coğrafi İşaret Çalışması Geographical Indication Study of Tunceli Honeys Aslı ÖZKÖK, Ömür GENÇAY ÇELEMLİ, Golshan ZARE, Aslı ÖZKÖK, Ömür GENÇAY ÇELEMLİ, Golshan ZARE, Çiğdem ÖZENİRLER, Nazlı MAYDA, Kadriye SORKUN Çiğdem ÖZENİRLER, Nazlı MAYDA, Kadriye SORKUN Kestane (Castanea sativa) Balı Örneklerinin Botanik Confirmation of botanical origin and total pollen numbers Orijinlerinin Doğrulanması ve Toplam Polen Sayıları of chestnut (Castanea sativa) honey samples Aslı ÖZKÖK, Nesrin ECEM BAYRAM Aslı ÖZKÖK, Nesrin ECEM BAYRAM Arıcılık Faaliyetleri Etkisi Altında Düzce Bal Arısı The Investigation of Variations in Düzce Honey Bee Popülasyonlarındaki Varyasyonların Morfometrik Yöntem ile Populations Under The Influence of Beekeeping Activities Araştırılması by Using Morphometric Method Songül BİR, Meral KEKEÇOĞLU Songül BİR, Meral KEKEÇOĞLU Sri Lanka Siddha Medicine'de Pediatrik Tedavilerde Balın The Role of Honey in Pediatric Treatments in Sri Lankan Rolü Siddha Medicine Pholtan Rajeev Sebastian RAJAMANOHARAN, Saravanan Pholtan Rajeev Sebastian RAJAMANOHARAN, Saravanan VIVEKANANDARAJAH SATHASIVAMPILLAI VIVEKANANDARAJAH SATHASIVAMPILLAI Arı sokmalarını etkileyen önemli şifalı bitkiler: Sistematik The Most Important Medicinal Plants Affecting Bee Stings: derleme çalışması A Systematic Review Study Aliasghar MANOUCHEHRI, Pegah SHAKIB, Fakher Aliasghar MANOUCHEHRI, Pegah SHAKIB, Fakher BIGLARYAN, Mohammadreza NAZER, Mohammad DARVISHI BIGLARYAN, Mohammadreza NAZER, Mohammad DARVISHI Bal Arılarında Probiyotik Bakterilerin Kullanımı Use of Probiyotic Bacteriae in Honey Bees Ayşe Ebru BORUM Ayşe Ebru BORUM Arı Poleni: Antioksidan Etkisi Bee Pollen: its Antioxidant Activity Hidayet TUTUN, Muhammet Mükerrem KAYA, Melike Sultan Hidayet TUTUN, Muhammet Mükerrem KAYA, Melike Sultan USLUER, Hatice Ahu KAHRAMAN USLUER, Hatice Ahu KAHRAMAN Bal Arısı Zehrinin Kompozisyonunu ve Üretim Miktarını Factors Affecting the Composition and Production Amount Etkileyen Faktörler of Honey Bee Venom Tuğçe ÇAPRAZLI, Meral KEKEÇOĞLU Tuğçe ÇAPRAZLI, Meral KEKEÇOĞLU Citation/Atıf: Baltaş, N. 2021. α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition of some ethanolic propolis samples (Bazı Etanolik Propolis Örneklerinin α-Glukosidaz ve α-Amilaz İnhibisyonu). U. Arı D./U. Bee J. 21:1-7, DOI: 10.31467/uluaricilik.877301 ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ / RESEARCH ARTICLE Α-GLUCOSIDASE AND α-AMYLASE INHIBITION OF SOME ETHANOLIC PROPOLIS SAMPLES Bazı Etanolik Propolis Örneklerinin α-Glukosidaz ve α-AMilaz İnhibisyonu NiMet BALTAŞ Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Rize, TURKEY, ORCID No: 0000-0003-4748-0665, E-posta: [email protected] Geliş Tarihi / Received: 09.02.20201 Kabul Tarihi / Accepted:18.03.2021 DOI: 10.31467/uluaricilik.877301 ABSTRACT Propolis is a natural product, and it is of a great interest due to the possible uses of non-synthetic supplements in improving metabolic disorders. To support this claim, the current study was designed and presented. In this study, six propolis extracts obtained froM different location of Turkey were investigated to prove the beneficial therapeutic properties such as inhibition potent against some enzyMes and levels of antioxidant. IC50 results of α-glucosidase (0.208-0.426 Mg/mL) and α-amylase (0.487-0.938 mg/ML) were found the variable range. Moreover, antioxidant results of them were given to support the inhibition degrees. According to the total phenolic (TPC) and antioxidant data, S4 was noted as the Most efficient saMple. Future studies are needed to investigate the biological effects of propolis, but the ultiMate evaluating showed that it could be a significant source thanks to its nutritional and clinical potential. Keywords: α-glucosidase, α-amylase, EnzyMe inhibition, Antioxidant, Propolis ÖZ Metabolik bozuklukların iyileştirilMesinde sentetik olMayan takviyelerin olası kullanıMı nedeniyle, doğal bir ürün olan propolis büyük ilgi görMektedir. Bu iddiayı destekleMek için Mevcut çalışMa planlandı ve ortaya kondu. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'nin farklı bölgelerinden elde edilen altı propolis ekstratının tedavi aMacıyla kullanılabilMesi adına faydalı özelliklerini ortaya koyMak için bazı enziMlere karşı inhibisyon etkileri ve antioksidan seviyeleri araştırıldı. α-glukozidaz IC50 sonuçları 0,208-0,426 mg/mL ve α-amilaz IC50 sonuçları 0,487-0,938 Mg / mL aralığında bulundu. Ayrıca, inhibisyon etki derecelerini destekleMek için antioksidan aktivite sonuçları da verildi. ToplaM fenolik (TPC) ve antioksidan verilerine göre, S4 en veriMli örnek olarak kaydedildi. Propolisin biyolojik etkilerini araştırmak için ileride yapılacak yeni çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır, ancak sonuç olarak, propolisin beslenMe ve klinik potansiyeli olarak dikkate değer bir kaynak olabileceğini gösterMektedir. Anahtar KeliMeler: α-glukozidaz; α-aMilaz; EnziM inhibisyonu; Antioksidan; Propolis GENİŞLETİLMİŞ ÖZET arı ürünüdür. Kovanı enfeksiyonlardan koruma amaçlı arıların ürettiği propolisin rengi reçinenin Amaç: Propolis bal arıları tarafından ağaçlardan, ve kaynağına bağlı olarak açık sarıdan koyu bitkilerin tomurcuk, yaprak, gövde ve salgılarından kahverengiye kadar değişebilir. Propolisin çok çeşitli toplanan maddelerin başlarında bulunan salgı fenolik ve flavanoid maddeler içermesi sebebiyle bezlerinden salgıladıkları enzimlerle işleyerek eski yıllardan beri geleneksel tıpta birçok hastalığın ürettiği çeşitli miktarlarda esansiyel ve aromatik tedavisinde kullanıldığı bilinmektedir. Yapılan birçok yağlar, balmumu ve reçine karışımı içeren doğal bir Uludağ Arıcılık Dergisi – Uludag Bee Journal 2021, 21 (1): 1-7 1 ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ / RESEARCH ARTICLE bilimsel çalışmada propolisin antibakteriyel, antiviral, Sonuç: Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin farklı illerinden antioksidan, antienflamatuar, antifungal, antitümör temin edilen propolis örneklerinin yüksek ve antiülser gibi birçok biyolojik aktivitelere sahip antioksidan aktiviteye sahip olduğu, α-amilazın ve α- olduğu gösterilmiştir. Bilinen birçok hastalığın glukozidazın enzimatik aktivitesini engellediği tedavisi hastalık ile ilişkili enzimlerin inhibisyonu gözlendi. Önemi her geçen gün daha da iyi yada tam olarak aktivitesinin durdurulmasıyla anlaşılmakta olan ve ender bulunan geniş mümkün olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, propolisin sahip spektrumlu bir antibiyotik sınıfında adından söz olduğu farmakolojik özelliklerinden yola çıkarak Tip- ettiren propolisin, antidiyabetik doğal bir ürün 2 diyabet ile yakından ilişkili olan α-amilaz ve α- olabileceği söylenebilir. glukozidaz enzimleri üzerine inhibisyon etkisi ve antioksidan aktiviteleri in-vitro olarak incelendi. INTRODUCTION Gereç-YönteM: Ağustos 2019 yılında Türkiye’ nin 6 farklı ilindeki (Ankara, Kars, Giresun, Erzurum, Propolis is a resinous substance produced by Düzce, Zonguldak) Arı Yetiştiricileri Birliği’nden honeybees (Apis mellifera) from various leaf buds propolis örnekleri temin edildi. Propolis örneklerinin and plant exudates, which is used to seal and repair %70’lik etanol içerisinde ekstraktları hazırlandı. unwanted open spaces in the hive. Also, it is superior Hazırlanan propolis öneklerinin diabetes mellitus ile to other bee products because of its crucial yakından ilişkili olan, özelllikle ağız ve midede bioactivity content such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, nişastanın sindiriminden sorumlu α-amilaz enzimine anticarcinogenic, antimutagenic etc. (Baltas et al. ve bağırsaklarda disakkaritlerin sindirimini 2016, Miguel et al. 2014). gerçekleştiren α-glukozidaz enzimine karşı inhibitor Nowadays and from ancient times, people have etkisi incelendi. Her iki enzim için IC50 değerleri (ortamda var olan enzim aktivitesini yarıya düşüren used complementary therapies to protect and cope propolis konsantrasyonu) belirlendi. Pozitif kontrol with different diseases. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a (standart ilaç) olarak akarboz kullanıldı. Ayrıca, metabolic disorder containing multiple etiologies can ekstraktaların toplam fenolik madde miktarı Folin– be characterized by chronic postprandial Ciocalteu metodu kullanılarak gallik asit eşdeğeri hyperglycemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. The results of this cinsinden belirlendi. Propolis örneklerinin serbest metabolic disorder defects general imbalance radikal temizleme aktiviteleri ABTS [2,2 -azino-bis (3-etilbenzotiyazolin-6-sülfonik asit)]
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Effect of Season and Behavioral Activity on the Hypopharyngeal Glands of Three Honey Bee Apis Mellifera L
    JHR 68: 85–101Effect (2019) of season and behavioral activity on the hypopharyngeal glands of three honey bee ... 85 doi: 10.3897/jhr.68.29678 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://jhr.pensoft.net Effect of season and behavioral activity on the hypopharyngeal glands of three honey bee Apis mellifera L. races under stressful climatic conditions of central Saudi Arabia Hussain Ali1,2, Abdulaziz S. Alqarni1, Javaid Iqbal1,3, Ayman A. Owayss1, Hael S. Raweh1, Brian H. Smith4 1 Melittology Research lab, Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 2 Entomology Section, Agricultural Research Institute Tarnab, Pesha- war, Pakistan 3 Department of Entomology, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan 4 School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, USA Corresponding author: Javaid Iqbal ([email protected]) Academic editor: Jack Neff | Received 11 September 2018 | Accepted 13 December 2018 | Published 25 February 2019 http://zoobank.org/5DC593C1-A701-49B5-B308-ED11F854261E Citation: Ali H, Alqarni AS, Iqbal J, Owayss AA, Raweh HS, Smith BH (2019) Effect of season and behavioral activity on the hypopharyngeal glands of three honey bee Apis mellifera L. races under stressful climatic conditions of central Saudi Arabia. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 68: 85–101. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.68.29678 Abstract Honey production gains are needed to deal with high demand in Saudi Arabia. The honey bee races are facing stressful hot-arid weather conditions that can affect different aspects of physiology and behav- ior. The hypopharyngeal glands (HPGs) of honey bees have prominent roles in various social behav- iors through their secretions.
    [Show full text]
  • A Saliva Protein of Varroa Mites Contributes to the Toxicity Toward Apis Cerana and the DWV Elevation Received: 10 August 2017 Accepted: 9 February 2018 in A
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN A Saliva Protein of Varroa Mites Contributes to the Toxicity toward Apis cerana and the DWV Elevation Received: 10 August 2017 Accepted: 9 February 2018 in A. mellifera Published: xx xx xxxx Yi Zhang & Richou Han Varroa destructor mites express strong avoidance of the Apis cerana worker brood in the feld. The molecular mechanism for this phenomenon remains unknown. We identifed a Varroa toxic protein (VTP), which exhibited toxic activity toward A. cerana worker larvae, in the saliva of these mites, and expressed VTP in an Escherichia coli system. We further demonstrated that recombinant VTP killed A. cerana worker larvae and pupae in the absence of deformed-wing virus (DWV) but was not toxic to A. cerana worker adults and drones. The recombinant VTP was safe for A. mellifera individuals, but resulted in elevated DWV titers and the subsequent development of deformed-wing adults. RNAi- mediated suppression of vtp gene expression in the mites partially protected A. cerana larvae. We propose a modifed mechanism for Varroa mite avoidance of worker brood, due to mutual destruction stress, including the worker larvae blocking Varroa mite reproduction and Varroa mites killing worker larvae by the saliva toxin. The discovery of VTP should provide a better understanding of Varroa pathogenesis, facilitate host-parasite mechanism research and allow the development of efective methods to control these harmful mites. Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman (Acari: Varroidae) was originally identifed as an ectoparasite of the Asian honeybee Apis cerana. Before the year 2000, V. destructor was miscalled V. jacobsoni. In fact, these two species are diferent in body shape, cytochrome oxidase (CO-I) gene sequence, and virulence to honey bees1.
    [Show full text]
  • Life Cycles: Egg to Bee Free
    FREE LIFE CYCLES: EGG TO BEE PDF Camilla de La Bedoyere | 24 pages | 01 Mar 2012 | QED PUBLISHING | 9781848355859 | English | London, United Kingdom Tracking the Life Cycle of a Honey Bee - dummies As we remove the frames, glance over the thousands of busy bees, check for brood, check for capped honey, maybe spot the queen… then the frames go back in their slots and the hive is sealed up again. But in the hours spent away from our hives, thousands of tiny miracles are happening everyday. Within the hexagonal wax cells little lives are hatching out and joining the hive family. The whole process from egg to adult worker bee takes around 18 days. During the laying season late spring to summer the Queen bee is capable of laying over eggs per day. Her worker bees help direct her to the best prepared comb and she lays a single egg in each hexagon shaped cell. The size of the cell prepared determines the type of egg she lays. If the worker bees have prepared a worker size cell, she Life Cycles: Egg to Bee lay a fertilized egg. This egg will produce a female worker bee. If the worker bees have prepared a slightly larger cell, the queen will recognize this as a drone cell and lay an unfertilized egg. This will produce a male drone bee. It is the workers and not the queen that determine the ratio of workers to drones within the hive. In three days the egg hatches and a larva emerges. It looks very similar to a small maggot.
    [Show full text]
  • Queen Morphometric and Reproductive Characters of Apis Mellifera Jemenitica, a Native Honey Bee to Saudi Arabia
    Bulletin of Insectology 66 (2): 239-244, 2013 ISSN 1721-8861 Queen morphometric and reproductive characters of Apis mellifera jemenitica, a native honey bee to Saudi Arabia Abdulaziz S. ALQARNI, Hassan M. BALHARETH, Ayman A. OWAYSS College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Abstract Ten traits of morphological characters and reproductive organs of newly emerged virgin queens of native and imported honey bee races, Apis mellifera jemenitica Ruttner (AMJ) and Apis mellifera carnica Pollman (AMC), were measured. The results for the comparison between the AMC and AMJ queens showed significant differences in most cases. The virgin AMC queens showed significantly increased body weight (165.9 ± 9.8 mg) over that of AMJ (137.8 ± 7.9 mg) in the two seasons of the study. In addi- tion, the AMC queens had significantly higher values than those of AMJ for all tested morphological traits, including the head capsule (2.61 × 2.44 mm versus 2.45 × 2.23 mm), right mandible (1.29 × 0.38 mm versus 1.18 × 0.37 mm), forewing (9.39 × 3.10 mm versus 9.17 × 3.00 mm), and the length of the 3rd + 4th abdominal tergites (5.95 mm versus 5.57 mm), respectively. The num- ber of ovarioles of the right ovary in the AMC queens was significantly higher (157.0 ± 14.9) than that (146.6 ± 13.9) of AMJ. The diameters of the spermathecae were 1.253 and 1.230 for AMC and AMJ, respectively, with significant differences between the two races in the 2nd season of the study.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of Africanized Honey Bees Through Wing Morphometrics
    Apidologie 39 (2008) 488–494 Available online at: c INRA/DIB-AGIB/ EDP Sciences, 2008 www.apidologie.org DOI: 10.1051/apido:2008028 Original article Identification of Africanized honey bees through wing morphometrics: two fast and efficient procedures* Tiago Mauricio Francoy1, Dieter Wittmann2,MartinDrauschke3,Stefan Muller¨ 3,VolkerSteinhage3, Marcela A. F. Bezerra-Laure1,DavidDe Jong1, Lionel Segui Goncalves¸ 4 1 Depto. de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil 2 Institut für Nutzpflanzenwissenschaften und Ressourcenschutz, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany 3 Institut für Informatik III, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany 4 Depto. de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil Received 28 December 2007 – Revised 10 March 2008 – Accepted 19 March 2008 Abstract – Currently available morphometric and genetic techniques that can accurately identify African- ized honey bees are both costly and time consuming. We tested two new morphometric techniques (ABIS – Automatic Bee Identification System and geometric morphometrics analysis) on samples consisting of digital images of five worker forewings per colony. These were collected from 394 colonies of Africanized bees from all over Brazil and from colonies of African bees, Apis mellifera scutellata (n = 14), and Euro- pean bees, A. m. ligustica (n = 10), A. m. mellifera (n = 15), and A. m. carnica (n=15) from the Ruttner collection in Oberursel, Germany (preserved specimens). Both methods required less than five minutes per sample, giving more than 99% correct identifications. There was just one misidentification (based on ge- ometric morphometrics analysis) of Africanized bees compared with European subspecies, which would be the principal concern in newly-colonized areas, such as the southern USA.
    [Show full text]
  • Uncapping Activity of Apis Mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Towards
    May-June 2006 299 ECOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND BIONOMICS Uncapping Activity of Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) towards Worker Brood Cells Infested with the Mite Varroa destructor Anderson & Treuman (Mesostigmata: Varroidae) GERALDO MORETTO1, JOSÉ C.V. GUERRA JR.1 AND CAROLINA V. B ITTENCOURT2 1Depto. Ciências Naturais; 2Depto. Engenharia Ambiental. Universidade Regional de Blumenau, 89010-971 Blumenau, SC Neotropical Entomology 35(3):299-301 (2006) Atividade de Desoperculação de Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) em Células de Crias de Operárias Infestadas com o Ácaro Varroa destructor Anderson & Treuman (Meostigmata: Varroidae) RESUMO - A varroosis, doença causada pelo ácaro Varroa destructor Anderson & Treuman, é responsável pela mortalidade de milhares de colônias de Apis mellifera L. em várias partes do mundo. Contudo, o dano causado por esse ácaro varia com a raça de abelhas e condições climáticas. A varroa causa poucos danos nas colônias de abelhas africanizadas no Brasil, os níveis de infestação são relativamente baixos e estáveis. Foi avaliado o comportamento higiênico (desoperculação e remoção de crias mortas ou parasitadas) em colônias de abelhas africanizadas altamente higiênicas usando favos infestados naturalmente com o ácaro V. destructor. A taxa diária de células desoperculadas, medida em oito colônias durante seis dias, foi 3,5 vezes maior em favos infestados com varroa comparados quando com favos não infestados. Os resultados mostram que as abelhas africanizadas reconhecem e removem crias parasitadas naturalmente com o ácaro V. destructor o qual é um mecanismo de tolerância da praga varroosis. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Comportamento higiênico, varroosis, infestação natural, abelha africanizada ABSTRACT - Varroosis, a disease caused by the mite Varroa destructor Anderson and Treuman has killed hundreds of thousands of Apis mellifera L.
    [Show full text]
  • Honey Bee from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
    Honey bee From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A honey bee (or honeybee) is any member of the genus Apis, primarily distinguished by the production and storage of honey and the Honey bees construction of perennial, colonial nests from wax. Currently, only seven Temporal range: Oligocene–Recent species of honey bee are recognized, with a total of 44 subspecies,[1] PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N though historically six to eleven species are recognized. The best known honey bee is the Western honey bee which has been domesticated for honey production and crop pollination. Honey bees represent only a small fraction of the roughly 20,000 known species of bees.[2] Some other types of related bees produce and store honey, including the stingless honey bees, but only members of the genus Apis are true honey bees. The study of bees, which includes the study of honey bees, is known as melittology. Western honey bee carrying pollen Contents back to the hive Scientific classification 1 Etymology and name Kingdom: Animalia 2 Origin, systematics and distribution 2.1 Genetics Phylum: Arthropoda 2.2 Micrapis 2.3 Megapis Class: Insecta 2.4 Apis Order: Hymenoptera 2.5 Africanized bee 3 Life cycle Family: Apidae 3.1 Life cycle 3.2 Winter survival Subfamily: Apinae 4 Pollination Tribe: Apini 5 Nutrition Latreille, 1802 6 Beekeeping 6.1 Colony collapse disorder Genus: Apis 7 Bee products Linnaeus, 1758 7.1 Honey 7.2 Nectar Species 7.3 Beeswax 7.4 Pollen 7.5 Bee bread †Apis lithohermaea 7.6 Propolis †Apis nearctica 8 Sexes and castes Subgenus Micrapis: 8.1 Drones 8.2 Workers 8.3 Queens Apis andreniformis 9 Defense Apis florea 10 Competition 11 Communication Subgenus Megapis: 12 Symbolism 13 Gallery Apis dorsata 14 See also 15 References 16 Further reading Subgenus Apis: 17 External links Apis cerana Apis koschevnikovi Etymology and name Apis mellifera Apis nigrocincta The genus name Apis is Latin for "bee".[3] Although modern dictionaries may refer to Apis as either honey bee or honeybee, entomologist Robert Snodgrass asserts that correct usage requires two words, i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Geographical Distribution and Selection of European Honey Bees Resistant to Varroa Destructor
    insects Review Geographical Distribution and Selection of European Honey Bees Resistant to Varroa destructor Yves Le Conte 1,* , Marina D. Meixner 2, Annely Brandt 2, Norman L. Carreck 3,4 , Cecilia Costa 5, Fanny Mondet 1 and Ralph Büchler 2 1 INRAE, Abeilles et Environnement, 84914 Avignon, France; [email protected] 2 Landesbetrieb Landwirtschaft Hessen, Bee Institute, Erlenstrasse 9, 35274 Kirchhain, Germany; [email protected] (M.D.M.); [email protected] (A.B.); [email protected] (R.B.) 3 Carreck Consultancy Ltd., Woodside Cottage, Dragons Lane, Shipley RH13 8GD, West Sussex, UK; [email protected] 4 Laboratory of Apiculture and Social Insects, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, East Sussex, UK 5 CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, via di Saliceto 80, 40128 Bologna, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 15 October 2020; Accepted: 3 December 2020; Published: 8 December 2020 Simple Summary: The parasitic mite Varroa destructor is a major challenge to honey bee populations worldwide. Some honey bee populations are resistant to the mite, but most of the commercially used stocks are not and rely on chemical treatment. In this article, we describe known varroa-resistant populations and the mechanisms which have been identified as responsible for survival of colonies without beekeeper intervention to control the mite. We review traits that have potential in breeding programs, discuss the role played by V. destructor as a vector for virus infections, and the changes in mite and virus virulence which could play a role in colony resistance.
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Nest Characteristics of Apis Mellifera Jemenitica (Hymenoptera; Apidae) and Its Implications in Frame Hive Adoption
    Adgaba et al., The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 26(4): 2016, Page:The J.1156 Anim.-1163 Plant Sci. 26(4):2016 ISSN: 1018-7081 NATURAL NEST CHARACTERISTICS OF APIS MELLIFERA JEMENITICA (HYMENOPTERA; APIDAE) AND ITS IMPLICATIONS IN FRAME HIVE ADOPTION N. Adgaba1*, A. A. Al-Ghamdi1, A. Getachew1, Y. Tadesse1, A. Almaktary1, M. J. Ansari1, M. Al-Madani2 and D. Sharma1 1Eng. Abdullah Baqshan Chair for Bee Research, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460 Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. 2Northern Highlands Regional Research Station, Agricultural Research & Extension Authority, Sa`adah, P.O Box 90225, Republic of Yemen * Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Apis mellefera jemenitica is the smallest race of A. mellifera both in its body and colony sizes. In the current study we assessed the natural nest volume, workers brood cell dimensions and bee space of the race through measuring their dimensions from naturally built combs in log hives. The optimum box hive volume and surface area requirement were assessed by keeping colonies at different volumes of frame hives with four replications each and monitored for a period of one year. The average occupied nest volume and comb surface area of the race in log hives were 12.28 ± 5.98 l and 8017.2 ± 3110.60 cm2 respectively which are significantly smaller than other A. mellifera races. The worker brood cells width and depth of the race were 4.07 ± 0.17 mm and 9.39 ± 0.42 mm respectively and the race builds an average of 262.5 more worker brood cells/dm2 than is built on embossed foundation sheets.
    [Show full text]
  • Hawai`I Apiary Program October 2012 Volume 1, Issue 4 Hawai`Ihawai`I Beebee
    Hawai`i Apiary Program October 2012 Volume 1, Issue 4 Hawai`iHawai`i BeeBee Harvest time! Swarm calls are up and moving forward with co- pollinators, and we are Thanks to our operators. On Big Island, working on one for Ha- supporters: honey production is good! Even on Big Island, where HDOA is working with waii! See the guides cur- feral bee losses are high, we UH Professor Dr. Lorna rently available here. Tsutsumi to evaluate the are getting calls and reports Small Hive Beetle, discov- Varroa resistant stock, of swarming. Make sure ered May 2011 on Molo- VSH bees, and see how you register here to get on kai, is reported to be slow they fare side by side with our swarm list! and steady on the East end other Hawaiian stock. On Its time again for the of the island, and is slowly Kauai, KCC and KBEE are USDA National Honey being detected in locations planning to census Small Bee Health Survey. We more westward. Hive Beetle and compare collect and submit 24 sam- trap types. On Maui, MCC The National Organic Pro- ples from Hawaii, used to and HDOA will be doing gram has added formic acid track bee health in the na- the same, and establishing treatment for Varroa mites tion. Participating beekeep- sentinel hives for pest sur- in honey bee hives to the ers get their bees sampled vey and detection. If you list of substances that can for Varroa, nosema and want to participate, call us! be used in organic han- viruses. If you have at least dling.
    [Show full text]
  • (Apis Mellifera) in Sweden Surviving Varroa Destructor Infestation Barbara Locke, Ingemar Fries
    Characteristics of honey bee colonies (Apis mellifera) in Sweden surviving Varroa destructor infestation Barbara Locke, Ingemar Fries To cite this version: Barbara Locke, Ingemar Fries. Characteristics of honey bee colonies (Apis mellifera) in Sweden surviving Varroa destructor infestation. Apidologie, Springer Verlag, 2011, 42 (4), pp.533-542. 10.1007/s13592-011-0029-5. hal-01003560 HAL Id: hal-01003560 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01003560 Submitted on 1 Jan 2011 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Apidologie (2011) 42:533–542 Original article * INRA, DIB-AGIB and Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2011 DOI: 10.1007/s13592-011-0029-5 Characteristics of honey bee colonies (Apis mellifera) in Sweden surviving Varroa destructor infestation Barbara LOCKE, Ingemar FRIES Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7044, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden Received 7 June 2010 – Revised 7 October 2010 – Accepted 13 October 2010 Abstract – A population of European honey bees (Apis mellifera) surviving Varroa destructor mite infestation in Sweden for over 10 years without treatment, demonstrate that a balanced host–parasite relationship may evolve over time. Colony-level adaptive traits linked to Varroa tolerance were investigated in this population to identify possible characteristics that may be responsible for colony survival in spite of mite infestations.
    [Show full text]
  • Connecticut African Honey Bee Action Plan 2009
    1 Connecticut African Honey Bee Action Plan Connecticut, 2009 Prepared by: Kirby C. Stafford III Vice Director, Chief Entomologist, State Entomologist Department of Entomology The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station 123 Huntington Street – Box 1106 New Haven, CT 06504 Phone: (203) 974-8485 Fax: (203) 974-8502 [email protected] This document is based, in part, on a working draft of an African Bee Action Plan prepared by Dennis vanEngeldorp (Department of Agriculture, Harrisburg, PA) and modified by Dewey M. Caron (Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE) as approved by the Mid Atlantic Research and Extension Consortium (MAAREC), March 2006. The MAAREC regional plan was developed to act as a guide for the development of individual state and/or regional action plans. Much of the AHB background material in this document was taken from the MAAREC approved regional plan. The Connecticut African Bee Action Plan was also based on information from plans/reports from several other states, particularly North Carolina and Florida with consultation and input from members of the Connecticut beekeeper associations. Other material was taken from the National Research Council’s recent report on the Status of Pollinators in North America. This document is meant to provide an active plan in preparation for and the discovery, occurrence, or presence of African or Africanized bees in Connecticut specific to the needs of Connecticut and its beekeepers within the scope permitted by Connecticut Statute. TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword……………………………………………………………………………… 2 Executive Summary…………………………………………………………………… 3 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………… 4 Characteristics of AHB………………………………………………………………. 5 Beekeeping Nationally and Locally………………………………………………….. 6 Risks…………………………………………………………………………………… 8 Anticipated Impact…………………………………………………………………… 10 Response …………………..………………………………………………………….
    [Show full text]