Horn Trios Andrej Bielow · Herbert Schuch Felix Klieser Frédéric Nicolas Duvernoy (1765–1838) Trio Für Horn, Violine Und Klavier Nr

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Horn Trios Andrej Bielow · Herbert Schuch Felix Klieser Frédéric Nicolas Duvernoy (1765–1838) Trio Für Horn, Violine Und Klavier Nr DUVERNOY · KOECHLIN · KAHN BRAHMS HORN TRIOS ANDREJ BIELOW · HERBERT SCHUCH FELIX KLIESER FRÉDÉRIC NICOLAS DUVERNOY (1765–1838) TRIO FÜR HORN, VIOLINE UND KLAVIER NR. 1 C-MOLL Trio for horn, violin and piano in C minor 01 I. Adagio – Cantabile 3:30 02 II. Allegretto 3:44 TRIO FÜR HORN, VIOLINE UND KLAVIER NR. 2 F-DUR Trio for horn, violin and piano in F major 03 I. Adagio – Larghetto – Maestoso – Allegro 3:11 04 II. Moderato 3:50 05 III. Adagio – Allegro 4:05 JOHANNES BRAHMS (1833–1897) TRIO FÜR HORN, VIOLINE UND KLAVIER ES-DUR, OP. 40 Trio for horn, violin and piano in E flat major 06 I. Andante – Poco più animato 7:38 07 II. Scherzo. Allegro 7:06 08 III. Adagio mesto 6:43 09 IV. Finale. Allegro con brio 6:14 CHARLES KOECHLIN (1867–1950) QUATRE PETITES PIÈCES OP. 32 10 I. Andante 2:57 11 II. Très modéré 2:05 12 III. Allegretto 2:14 13 IV. Scherzando 1:03 ROBERT KAHN (1865–1951) SERENADE OP. 73 14 Andante sostenuto 10:42 FELIX KLIESER Horn HERBERT SCHUCH Klavier · piano ANDREJ BIELOW Violine · violin Ich freue mich, Sie auf eine neue Reise durch die Welt des Horns einladen zu dürfen. Nach meinen ersten beiden Alben »Reveries« und »Horn Concertos« mit Literatur für Horn und Klavier bzw. Horn und Orchester habe ich mich bei mei- nem dritten Album für eine auf den ersten Blick vielleicht recht ungewöhnliche, für uns Hornisten aber äußerst spannende Besetzung entschieden. Nämlich der für Horn, Violine und Klavier. Ohne Zweifel ist das Horntrio Op. 40 von Johannes Brahms das bekannteste Werk für diese Besetzung und auch eines der bekanntesten Stücke für das Horn in der Kammermusik überhaupt! Brahms, der in seiner Kindheit selbst Horn ge- spielt hat, weiß wie kaum ein zweiter Komponist mit den Klangfarben dieses Ins- trumentes umzugehen. Durch sein Trio ist diese Besetzung ein fester Bestandteil im Repertoire eines jeden Hornisten geworden. Auch für mich gehört es zu ei- nem meiner Lieblingsstücke und war Anstoß für diese Aufnahme. Daher soll es auch im Mittelpunkt dieser Einspielung stehen. Aber, welche Literatur gibt es noch für diese Triobesetzung? Und, war Brahms der erste Komponist, der für die- se Instrumentenkombination schrieb? Diese und weitere Fragen gaben mir die Idee für dieses Album. Herausgekommen ist eine Repertoireauswahl, die gut 100 Jahre umfasst. Von Frédéric Duvernoy, der seine beiden Trios zu Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts schrieb und noch eher von der Wiener Klassik geprägt ist, bis hin zu den Trios von Charles Koechlin und Robert Kahn, welche im 20. Jahrhundert entstanden und im Ausdruck tief romantisch sind. Ich bin froh, mit Andrej Bielow und Herbert Schuch zwei wunderbare Kolle- gen gefunden zu haben, die sofort Lust hatten, dieses Projekt mit mir zu spielen. Für uns war es eine großartige Erfahrung, diese zum Teil zum ersten Mal ge- spielten Stücke kennenzulernen und damit eine spannende Kammermusikbeset- zung zu erforschen. Ich würde mich freuen, wenn Sie diese Begggeisterung mit uns teilen und wünsche Ihnen viel Freude beim Hören!n! Felix Klieselieser 4 5 …ER H AT NICHT EINMAL schiedenen Rohrverlängerungen mittels Ventilen waren fortan alle Töne der chromatischen Skala in einem Umfang von über drei Oktaven spielbar gewor- GEKIEKST, UND D AS WILL den. Das Variieren der Tonhöhe durch Überblasen von Partialtönen blieb nicht mehr die einzige Möglichkeit, die Tonhöhe zu variieren. Welche Perspektiven er- DOCH VIEL S A GEN… gaben sich plötzlich für fortschrittlich gesinnte Komponisten und Musiker, ging mit dieser Entdeckung doch ein lang gehegter Wunsch in Erfüllung. Vor allem der deutlich gewachsenen Homogenität des Klangs wegen stellte die Ventillö- Es war ein Begleiter seiner Kindheit. Und off enbar wurde dabei die Liebe zu ei- sung alle bisherigen Horninstrumente in den Schatten. Chromatisches Spielen nem besonderen Klang geweckt. Das »Naturhorn war neben Violoncell und Kla- mittels Handhorntechnik und Stimmbögen wurde zwar schon seit einiger Zeit vier das Hauptinstrument des Knaben Johannes«, schrieb Max Kalbeck in seiner praktiziert, doch trugen diese Techniken eher Behelfscharakter und stießen bei zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts erschienenen Biografi e über Johannes Brahms den immer schwierigeren Passagen in den Kompositionen an die Grenzen der (1833–1897). Das Horn spielte zeitlebens eine markante Rolle, wie Brahms’ Sinfo- Ausführbarkeit. nien zeigen oder die reizend von Hörnern begleiteten Chorsätze. Die herausra- Lange Zeit blieb die Euphorie gebremst. Es dauerte sogar einige Jahrzehnte, gende Bedeutung belegt besonders das Trio Es-Dur für Violine, Horn und Kla- bis dem Ventilhorn der endgültige Durchbruch gelang. Zäh gestaltete sich dieser vier op. 40, das im Zentrum dieser Aufnahme mit dem Hornisten Felix Klieser Prozess wegen der verlorenen Natürlichkeit von Skalen, die gleichförmigen Halb- steht. Brahms komponierte dieses Werk off enbar aus rein klanglichen Erwägun- tonschritten weichen mussten. Hornisten spürten einerseits Erleichterung. Das gen. Das unterscheidet es von anderen Kammermusikwerken. Brahms wich nur Spiel auf ihren Instrumenten gilt als riskant. Ab dem 8. Naturton neigen die dann von üblichen Besetzungen ab, wenn er einen ganz bestimmten Spieler be- Töne, weil die Abstände zu Nachbarn immer kleiner werden, zum »Überschlag«. dienen wollte. Hier inspirierte keine Musikerpersönlichkeit, sondern das Instru- Hörner werden daher gern »Glücksspiralen« genannt. Andererseits reagierten ment selbst. Das Horntrio trägt seinen Namen zu Recht, denn das Blechblasinst- Hornbläser verdrossen auf die gestiegenen spieltechnischen Anforderungen. Die rument verleiht dem Werk seine charakteristische Grundfarbe. Vorteile aber waren langfristig so erdrückend, dass der Siegeszug des »Horn neu- »Das Waldhorn, durch seinen ebenso vollen und kräftigen, als zarten und an- en Typs« nicht aufzuhalten war. muthigen Ton so überaus schöne Instrument, stand bisher bekanntlich gegen »Dein Trio … hatten wir schön einstudiert, und der Hornist war vortreffl ich! fast alle die anderen Blasinstrumente dadurch sehr zurück, daß es in seinen na- Ich glaube, er hat nicht einmal gekiekst, und das will doch viel sagen; freilich hat- türlichen Tönen so sehr beschränkt war ...« – mit diesen Worten beginnt ein Arti- te er das Ventilhorn, zum Waldhorn war er nicht zu bringen.« – Ob es Clara Schu- kel in der »Allgemeinen Musikalischen Zeitung« vom 26. November 1817, der die mann gelang, mit diesen nach einer Auff ührung des Horntrios im Winter 1866 an wohl aufregendste Erfi ndung in der Geschichte des Instruments verkündete: das Johannes Brahms gerichteten Zeilen zu besänftigen und das Positive herauszu- Ventilhorn, heute meist Waldhorn genannt. Durch Hinzuschalten von drei ver- stellen, ist nicht überliefert. Die Tatsache, dass hier ein Ventilhorn zum Einsatz 6 7 kam, dürfte schwer wiegen, hatte Brahms sein in jenem Jahr im Druck erschiene- nes Trio doch ausdrücklich für Naturhorn komponiert. Der Biograf Heinrich Rei- mann zitiert 1897 Brahms in einem auf Dezember 1862 datierten Brief an den Kol- legen Albert Dietrich in Oldenburg – da hatte das Trio seine ursprüngliche Form bereits erhalten: »Für einen Quartett-Abend kann ich mit gutem Gewissen mein Horn-Trio empfehlen und Dein Hornist thäte mir einen besonderen Gefallen, wenn er […] einige Wochen das Waldhorn exerzierte, um es darauf blasen zu können.« Brahms liefert ein prominentes Beispiel für das Festhalten an der alten Bau- art. Kein Satz zeigt dies deutlicher als der dritte, mit »Adagio mesto« überschrie- bene und in es-Moll stehende Satz. »Mesto« bedeutet »traurig«. Peter Damm fi n- det: »Gerade auf einem Naturhorn kommt in diesem Satz der dunkle, melancholische Charakter des Themas durch die vorwiegende Verwendung von abgedunkelten, sanften Tönen sehr gut zum Ausdruck.« Der Hornist der Sächsi- schen Staatskapelle im Ruhestand fügt hinzu: »Hier zeigt sich, wie perfekt Brahms die Technik des Naturhorns kennt und nutzt.« Auch Damm deutet die Wahl des Naturhorns vor autobiografi schem Hintergrund, denn wie bei Ein deut- sches Requiem fällt die Entstehung des Horntrios in eine Phase der Trauer. Brahms’ Mutter starb im Februar 1865, dem Jahr der Vollendung des Trios. »Un- ter dem Eindruck des Todes der von ihm verehrten und geliebten Mutter schuf Brahms das Werk als ein Requiem eigener Art. Im Vordergrund steht nicht das brillante Musizieren, keine artistische Perfektion, es ist Ausdruck von Erinnerun- gen an die Jugendzeit, an seine Mutter, von Empfi ndungen seines Schmerzes über den Verlust«, sagt Damm und ergänzt: »Die pastorale Stimmung, besonders im ersten Satz, sollte mehr als Suche nach Trost und Vergessen in der Einsamkeit der Natur betrachtet werden.« Peter Damm kennt Felix Klieser persönlich durch einen Kurs, an den sich für den Dresdner sehr positive Erinnerungen knüpfen: »Schnell war zu erkennen, 8 9 dass Felix außerordentlich talentiert ist. Er entlockte dem Horn einen weichen, neut, wird zum Thema. Es ist eine Helligkeit, die sich jedoch nie in ausgelassener warmen Klang, einen ausgeprägten romantischen Hornton.« Später hört der Fröhlichkeit löst; »selbst im raschen, jagdsignalbetonten Schlusssatz empfi ndet Lehrer die Aufnahmen seines Schülers und bescheinigt Felix »neben seiner vir- man stets eine Art Schleier vor der Sonne, die Melancholie bleibt beherrschend«, tuosen Technik eine musikalisch-seelenvolle Gestaltung von außerordentlich ho- wie die Musikwissenschaftlerin Ortrun Landmann schreibt. hem Niveau, wie man sie nur selten zu hören bekommt«. Als »nicht ungewöhnlich, aber relativ selten« ordnet Peter Damm die Gat- Als 13-Jähriger beschäftigte sich Felix Klieser
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