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Utah Plant Pest UTAH PESTS Diagnostic Laboratory USU Extension Fall 2017 / QUARTERLY Vol. XI NEWSLETTER IN THIS ISSUE Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Status in Utah Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Status in Utah p. 01 Verticillium Wilt in Vegetables p. 4 Some Insect Pest Populations on the Rise in 2017 p. 05 Montana 6-Plume Moth p. 07 Innovative Applications for Long-Lasting Insecticide Nets p. 08 IPM in the News Brown marmorated stink bug adult on corn leaf. p. 10 Picture of the Quarter Brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB; Ornamental Hosts p. 12 Halyomorpha halys) is an invasive insect from Asia that is a nuisance pest of homes Cody Holthouse, a USU graduate student, and landscape ornamentals, and an is studying BMSB phenology and plant economic pest of various fruits, vegetables, host use in urban-agricultural landscapes, nuts, and other valuable crops in Utah. It and is also conducting biological control was first detected in the U.S. in Pennsylvania surveys. He has found BMSB on more than in the late 1990s and has since spread to at 40 ornamental hosts, with high numbers on least 44 U.S. states (www.stopbmsb.org). catalpa, chokecherry, Siberian pea shrub, common lilac, and apple. Other North BMSB was first detected in Utah (Salt Lake American studies have revealed that BMSB City) in 2012 by the general public and uses at least 200 hosts from annuals to trees, by 2015 was causing nuisance problems and are most commonly found on non-native NEW FACT SHEETS in parts of northern Utah. BMSB is woody plants. Further, BMSB uses different currently found in Utah, Salt Lake, Davis, host plants throughout the growing season, Aphid Pests on Vegetables Weber, Box Elder, and Cache Counties. and all life stages are more commonly Leafrollers in Fruit Orchards BMSB is strongly associated with urban observed on angiosperms (flowering Spotted Wing Drosophila developments and railroads (Wallner et al. plants) than gymnosperms (e.g., conifers) (update) 2014), so it is possible that it will become (Bergmann et al. 2016). Therefore, selective Minute Pirate Bug established in other portions of the state. This planting of non-hosts, such as gymnosperms, field season, the Utah BMSB team scouted may help reduce the agricultural and for BMSB in ornamental hosts, and fruit and nuisance pest status of BMSB (Bergmann et vegetable crops throughout northern Utah. al. 2016). For the first time, agricultural damage due to BMSB feeding was confirmed, and many individuals in Utah reported damage to the USU BMSB team. continued on next page UTAH PESTS TEAM Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Status in Utah Diane Alston Fruit Crops Entomologist [email protected] In 2016, BMSB was detected in pheromone traps in commercial peach orchards for the first 435-797-2516 time (Davis and Weber Counties), and growers found BMSB at their urban fruit stands (Utah County). In 2017, BMSB adults and nymphs were found in traps placed along the edges of Ryan Davis several orchards along the Wasatch front, and some growers found BMSB adults in their freshly Arthropod Diagnostician picked fruit bins. BMSB adults were detected in traps as early as May, peaked in activity in School IPM Associate [email protected] August, and adults are still being captured in October. We have confirmed damage on peach 435-797-2435 and apple, and have received unconfirmed public reports of damage to raspberry. Crop damage was detected in late August. Other North American studies have found that fruit can Marion Murray exhibit injury by late May, but most damage occurs around mid-June and increases as the IPM Project Leader season progresses (Bergh et al. 2016). BMSB feeds on and can injure a variety of fruit crops, Utah Pests Quarterly Editor including apple, pear, peach, apricot, cherry, nectarine, and caneberries. [email protected] 435-797-0776 Cami Cannon Vegetable IPM Associate Graphic Design, Utah Pests Quarterly Newsletter [email protected] 435-797-2435 Claudia Nischwitz Plant Pathologist [email protected] 435-797-7569 BMSB adult on damaged peach fruits in Utah. BMSB feeding can cause pits and depressions Ricardo Ramirez on the fruit surface (Utah apple). Entomologist [email protected] For more fruit information, see BMSB in 435-797-8088 Orchard Crops or BMSB in Small Fruit Lori Spears from stopbmsb.org. USU CAPS Coordinator [email protected] 801-668-4056 Utah Plant Pest Diagnostic Lab BNR Room 203 BMSB damage on peach in Utah. Utah State University 5305 Old Main Hill Vegetable Crops Logan, UT 84322 This summer, BMSB was detected in pheromone traps in commercial and community vegetable crops for the first time. Traps were placed on edges of tomato and squash plantings. The To subscribe, click here. highest BMSB counts occurred in Salt Lake County community gardens, with smaller numbers All images © UTAH PESTS in traps in Davis County sites, and one nymph in a Weber County commercial site. In late June, and USU Extension unless an adult BMSB was found inside a popcorn whorl in Salt Lake County. By early August, high otherwise credited. numbers of BMSB adults and nymphs were detected in the same popcorn planting along with feeding damage to the leaves and husks. In mid-August, feeding damage was confirmed on squash leaves and nearby borage leaves (Salt Lake County), and an egg mass was detected on sweet corn in a commercial vegetable field (Davis County). Researchers have found that, in utahpests.usu.edu the mid-Atlantic U.S., BMSB pest pressure to vegetables is highest in July and August. continued on next page www.utahpests.usu.edu Utah Pests Quarterly / Fall 2017 / page 2 Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Status in Utah, continued VEGETABLE CROPS AT RISK: • Most vegetables that bear reproductive structures (e.g. fruit and seeds) • Sweet corn and edible soybean/edamame (extremely high densities of bugs at kernel or seed development) • Okra and bell pepper (preferred for majority of the season and BMSB reproduction) • Green bean, tomato, and eggplant (preferred for BMSB reproduction) • Sweet corn, green bean, bell pepper, and tomato (very susceptible to feeding injury and typically experience higher injury rates from BMSB than eggplant or okra) • Asparagus and Swiss chard (may be regularly attacked by BMSB) VEGETABLE CROPS AT MINOR RISK: • Cucurbits such as squash and cucumber and brassica vegetables such as BMSB adult and damage to a corn leaf. broccoli and collards VEGETABLE CROPS NOT AT RISK: • Leafy vegetables (excluding Swiss chard), root and tuber vegetables (e.g. potatoes), and onions For more vegetable information, see BMSB in Vegetables from stopbmsb.org. Traps baited with commercial lures have been shown to be effective at detecting BMSB. The Utah BMSB team has been conducting trapping trials to develop monitoring tools and economic thresholds to guide management decision-making. Our findings will be shared with growers during 2018 winter conferences and in future newsletter articles. To learn more about BMSB, including identification, host use, damage symptoms, and monitoring/ management, please consult the USU BMSB Fact Sheet, the Invasive Fruit Pest Guide for Utah, the stopbmsb.org website, and/or the references listed herein. BMSB nymph feeding on squash leaf. Lori Spears, USU CAPS Coordinator Cami Cannon, Vegetable IPM Associate This work was funded by various sources over the years, including the USDA’s Specialty Crop Research Initiative (USDA-NIFA SCRI grant no. 2016-51181- 25409), USDA’s National Institute of Food and Agriculture (grant no. 2015-68004-23179), USDA’s Farm Bill Goal 1 Surveys (FY13-17), Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Utah Specialty Crop Block Grant, and the WSARE and Utah IPM program. References Bergh, C., A. Acebes-Doria, T. Leskey, R. Morrison, B. Short, et al. 2016. Integrated pest management for brown marmorated stink bug in orchard crops. Produced by the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug SCRI CAP Orchard Crop Commodity Team in conjunction with the Northeastern IPM Center. Bergmann, E.J., P.D. Venugopal, H.M. Martinson, M.J. Raupp, and P.M. Shrewsberry. 2016. Host plant use by the invasive Halymorpha halys (Stål) on woody ornamental trees and shrubs. PLoS One 11(2): e0149975. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0149975. Kuhar, T., R. Morrison, T. Leskey, J. Aigner, G. Dively, et al. 2016. Integrated pest management for brown marmorated stink bug in vegetables. Produced by the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug SCRI CAP Orchard Crop Commodity Team in conjunction with the Northeastern IPM Center. Wallner, A.M., G.C. Hamilton, A.L, Nielsen, N. Hahn, E.J. Green, et al. 2014. Landscape factors facilitating the invasive dynamics and distribution of the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), after arrival in the United States. PLoS ONE 9(5): e95691. doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0095691. www.utahpests.usu.edu Utah Pests Quarterly / Fall 2017 / page 3 PLANT PATHOLOGY NEWS AND INFORMATION Verticillium Wilt in Vegetables In Utah, Verticillium wilt in vegetables is caused by the turn chlorotic. Only the parts of the plant containing the fungus, Verticillium dahliae. It is a soilborne pathogen that infested vascular bundles will wilt. Sometimes only that produces two types of fruiting structures. Occasionally, half the plant is wilting and the other half looks healthy. the fungus produces spores on infected above-ground plant tissue. Its most important fruiting structures are Verticillium wilt can be detected in the field, especially microsclorotia. when multiple vegetable types are affected. Few pathogens affect a broad range of vegetables in the same location. For example, Fusarium oxysporum can cause the same symptoms in vegetables but is very host specific and will only infect one vegetable species in the field, such as tomatoes. When cutting the stem of a symptomatic plant, discoloration of the vascular tissue is visible.
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    Pacific Insects 5 (1) : 65-209 April 30, 1963 TAXONOMIC AND BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF PTEROPHORIDAE OF JAPAN (Lepidoptera)1 By Koji Yano ENTOMOLOGICAL LABORATORY, FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, KYUSHU UNIVERSITY, FUKUOKA, JAPAN Abstract: The present paper treats 57 species belonging to 18 genera of the Japanese Pterophoridae. Fourteen new species are described, 4 species are recorded for the first time from Japan and 3 new synonyms are proposed. The larvae and pupae of 20 species belong­ ing to 13 and 12 genera respectively are described as well as the biological notes of them. Eleven species are injurious to the useful plants. Forty-two host plants including those after the previous records are listed. Keys to subfamilies, genera and species for adults are given. Preliminary keys to subfamilies for both the larvae and pupae, those to genera of 2 sub­ families for larvae and to genera of 1 subfamily for pupae are also given. CONTENTS page Introduction 66 Acknowledgements 66 Historical review 67 Systematics 68 Characters of the family 68 Adult 68 Mature larva 69 Pupa 71 Biology 72 Subdivision of the family 72 Subfamily Agdistinae 74 Subfamily Platyptiliinae 80 Subfamily Pterophorinae 167 Notes on the host plants and economic significance 202 A list of the species of the Japanese Pterophoridae 203 References 205 1. Contribution Ser. 2, No. 163, Entomological Laboratory, Kyushu University. 66 Pacific Insects Vol. 5, no. 1 INTRODUCTION Since the publications of Dr. S. Matsumura's great work entitled " 6000 Illustrated In­ sects of Japan-Empire", in which 24 species including 21 new species of the family Ptero­ phoridae from Japan, Korea and Formosa were illustrated, and the excellent papers written by Mr.
  • Wasps and Bees in Southern Africa

    Wasps and Bees in Southern Africa

    SANBI Biodiversity Series 24 Wasps and bees in southern Africa by Sarah K. Gess and Friedrich W. Gess Department of Entomology, Albany Museum and Rhodes University, Grahamstown Pretoria 2014 SANBI Biodiversity Series The South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) was established on 1 Sep- tember 2004 through the signing into force of the National Environmental Manage- ment: Biodiversity Act (NEMBA) No. 10 of 2004 by President Thabo Mbeki. The Act expands the mandate of the former National Botanical Institute to include respon- sibilities relating to the full diversity of South Africa’s fauna and flora, and builds on the internationally respected programmes in conservation, research, education and visitor services developed by the National Botanical Institute and its predecessors over the past century. The vision of SANBI: Biodiversity richness for all South Africans. SANBI’s mission is to champion the exploration, conservation, sustainable use, appreciation and enjoyment of South Africa’s exceptionally rich biodiversity for all people. SANBI Biodiversity Series publishes occasional reports on projects, technologies, workshops, symposia and other activities initiated by, or executed in partnership with SANBI. Technical editing: Alicia Grobler Design & layout: Sandra Turck Cover design: Sandra Turck How to cite this publication: GESS, S.K. & GESS, F.W. 2014. Wasps and bees in southern Africa. SANBI Biodi- versity Series 24. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. ISBN: 978-1-919976-73-0 Manuscript submitted 2011 Copyright © 2014 by South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without written per- mission of the copyright owners. The views and opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect those of SANBI.