Graduate Theses in the Department of Geology And

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Graduate Theses in the Department of Geology And GRADUATE THESES IN THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL GEOSCIENCES Revised 1/9/17 1 Aarestad, Elizabeth, (MS) 2009 [ProQuest 1465300] “Methanol in high pressure phases of water: Implications for ice-rich planets,” 70 pages (Committee Members: Mark Frank, Paul Stoddard, Henry P. Scott) Adams, Ryan F. (MS) 2013 [ProQuest 1546005] “Geophysical identification of subsurface cavities and fractures near a Superfund site south of Rockford, Illinois,” 89 pages (Committee Members: Phil Carpenter, Melissa Lenczewski, Paul Stoddard) Ahmed, Shawkat, (PhD) 2002 [ProQuest 3055425] “Geophysical Response of Bedrock Fractures, Karst Conduits, and Associated Surficial Features, Bourbonnais, Illinois,” 260 pages (Committee Members: Philip Carpenter, Colin Booth, Jay Stravers, Michael Konen, Michael D. Thompson) Aldridge, Tabitha (MS) 2012 [ProQuest 1519699] “A Mini-RF Radar Analysis of the Moon’s South Pole – Aitken Basin,” 100 pages (Committee Members: Paul Stoddard, Heather Watson, Brad Thomson) Aleman, Antenor M. (MS) 1977 "Tectonics and Sedimentation of Cretaceous Rocks, In the Paita Basin - Peru," 126 pages (Committee Members: Robert Morris, Edgar Odom, Ronald Flemal) Allen, Brian L. (MS) 1975 "Surficial Geology and Land Use Planning for the Barrington, Illinois Area," 67 pages (Committee Members: Ronald Flemal, Lyle McGinnis, A.S. Messenger) Allred, Barry Jay (MS) 1986 "Computer Modeling of Seismic Refraction Data from McMurdo Sound, Antarctica," 179 pages (Committee Members: John Clements, Hsin Yi Ling, Patrick Ervin) Andrews, William J. (MS) 1988 "Nitrate Occurrence in Ground and Surface Waters, DeKalb County, Illinois," 211 pages (Committee Members: Ronald Kaufman, Colin Booth, Phil Carpenter) Ankenbauer, Jr. Gilbert A. (MS) 1975 "Early Precambrian Tonalites, Morton Area, Minnesota," 41 pages (Committee Members: Samuel Goldich, Clancy Casella, Edgar Odom) 2 Arola, John L. (MS) 1974 "Origin of Aluminous Laterite and Bauxite," 69 pages (Committee Members: Samual Goldich, Edgar Odom, Lyle McGinnis) Atre, Shashank R. (PhD) 2006 [ProQuest 3227638] “Accuracy and Reliability of Tomographic 2-D Seismic Velocity Models to Map Karst Structures and Infer Hydrogeological Processes in Karst,” 398 pages (Committee Members: Philip J. Carpenter, Colin Booth, Eugene Perry, Paul Stoddard, Michael D. Thompson) Ayers, Meredith (MS) 2010 [ProQuest 1477111] “Stable isotopes of speleothems from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico,” 156 pages (Committee Members: Eugene Perry, Melissa Lenczewski, Winifred Creamer, Monica Carroll) Auby, William L. (MS) 1987 "The Geology of the Levan 7-1/2' Quadrangle, Central Utah," 213 pages (Committee Members: Malcolm Weiss, Jonathan Berg, Ross Powell) Bahr, Charles H. (MS) 1980 "Precambrian Geology of the Aero Lakes Area, Beartooth Mountains, Montana," 138 pages (Committee Members: Clancy Casella, Keros Cartwright, J. Kiester) Bailey, Clinton R. (MS) 2013 [ProQuest 1546007] “Determining the sources of water for conduit "sandboil" springs at the Nature Conservancy's Nachusa Grasslands Preserve, Franklin Grove, Illinois,” 167 pages (Committee Members: Melissa Lenczewski, Justin Dodd, Mike Konen) Bakos, Nancy A. (MS) 1975 "Ultrapetrography of a Miocene Chalky Limestone, Kingshill Marl, U.S. Virgin Islands," 81 pages (Committee Members: Stanley Frost, Malcolm Weiss, Ronald Flemal) Baldwin, Patrick M. (MS) 2010 [ProQuest 1477011] “Using dendrochemical analysis of multi-stem tree species as a tool in forensic hydrogeology,” 155 pages (Committee Members: Melissa Lenczewski, Jay Stravers, Lesley Rigg) 3 Banks, Raymond L. (MS) 1986 "The Geology of the Fountain Green North Quadrangle, Sanpete and Juab Counties, Utah," 246 pages (Committee Members: Malcolm Weiss, Hsin Yi Ling, Clancy Casella) Bannantine, James E. (MS) 1990 "Petrology and Geochemistry of Scapolite- Clinopyroxene Lower Crustal Granulite Xenoliths from the Royal Society Range - McMurdo, Sound Region, Antarctica," 146 pages (Committee Members: Jonathan Berg, Jim Walker, Phil Carpenter) Banonis, Gwen (MS) 1986 "Paleoenvironmental Trends of Late Pliocene Benthic Foraminifera from DSDP Site 548, Northeast Atlantic", 76 pages (Committee Members: Paul Loubere) Barnes, Marian J. (MS) 1985 "The Extent and Behavior of the Mineralized Water in the Mt. Simon Formation, Northeastern Illinois," 127 pages (Committee Members: Colin Booth, Ronald Flemal, Eugene Perry) Baynas, Christopher H. (MS) 1977 "The Petrology and Stratigraphy of the Cambrian Strata in Northeastern Illinois," 148 pages (Committee Members: Edgar Odom, Robert Morris, Stanley Frost) Behrens, Gene K. (MS) 1976 "Stratigraphy, Sedimentology, and Paleoecology of a Pliocene Reef Tract: St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands," 93 pages (Committee Members: Stanley Frost, Malcolm Weiss, Edgar Odom) Beintema, Craig (MS) 1986 "Geochemical and Isotopic Variations of the Igneous Intrusives of the Northern Black Hills, South Dakota," 144 pages (Committee Members: Carla Montgomery, J.G. Kirchner, Jim Walker) Benson, Matthew (MS) 1996 “Characterization of the Hydrostratigraphi Framework in the Upper Chesapeake Bay Estuarine System Using Marine Seismic Reflection Profiling,” 177 pages (Committee Members: Philip Carpenter, Pat Ervin, Lyle McGinnis) 4 Bertsch, Lawrence P. (MS) 1997 “The Effects on Groundwater Chemistry of Longwall Mine Subsidence at Two Sites in Southern Illinois,” 287 pages (Committee Members: Colin J. Booth, Elizabeth Burton, Eugene Perry) Biek, Robert F. (MS) 1987 "The Geology of the Nephi 7.5' Quadrangle, Central Utah," 245 pages-Volume 1 of 2 (Committee Members: Malcolm Weiss, Donald Davidson, Ross Powell) Biek, Robert F. (MS) 1987 "The Geology of the Nephi 7.5' Quadrangle, Central Utah," 576 pages-Volume 2 of 2 (Committee Members: Malcolm Weiss, Donald Davidson, Ross Powell) Black, Christopher J. (MS) 1997 “Internal Structure of the 800 Area Landfill, Argonne National Laboratory, Illinois, from Integrated Geophysical Measurements,” 132 pages (Committee Members: Phil Carpenter, Patrick C. Ervin, Colin J. Booth) Blanchard, Paul J. (MS) 1981 "Concentrations of Selected Trace Metals in the Hydrosphere Related to Coal Burning in Electricity Generating Stations in Illinois," 128 pages (Committee Members: Ronald Flemal, Patrick Ervin, Alan Cole) Bogner, Jean (PhD) 1996 [ProQuest 9639908] “Rates of Greenhouse Gas Emissions at the Mallard Lake Landfill, DuPage County, Illinois: Major Controls and Implications for Global Methane Budgets,” 164 pages (Committee Members: Elizabeth Burton, Colin Booth, Jay Stravers, Paul Loubere) Bograd, Steven E. (MS) 1997 “Effects of Marine-Ending Glaciers with Tidewater Termimi on Fjord Water Properties,” 277 pages (Committee Members: Ross Powell, Jay Stravers, Paul Loubere) Bowden, Kenneth Lester (MS) 1957 "The Geology of the Lorado Taft Field Campus and Vicinity," 64 pages (Committee Members: Loren Caldwell, M.W. Reinemann) 5 Brady, Howard Thomas (MS) 1977 "Late Neogene Diatom Biostratigraphy and Paleoecology of the Dry Valleys and McMurdo Sound, Antarctica," 172 pages (Committee Members: Peter Webb, Lyle McGinnis) Bramnik, Michael L. (MS) 2012 [ProQuest 1533274] “Utilizing a single three-component geophone to detect near-surface seismic sources for military exploration, and engineering applications,” 117 pages (Committee Members: Phil Carpenter, Paul Stoddard, Melissa Lenczewski) Brehm, Daniel J. (MS) 1992 "Gravity Model of the Wolf River Batholith", 97 pages (Committee Members: Patrick Ervin, Clancy Casella, Mike Mudrey) Breuer, Eduard (MS) 2006 ”Shallow Subsurface High Resolution Seismic Refraction Tomography,” 78 pages (Committee Members: Philip J. Carpenter, Jay Stravers, Paul Stoddard) Briegel, Jack Steven (MS) 1983 "Geochemistry and Petrology of Olivinerich Minor Intrusions in the Nain Complex, Labrador," 83 pages (Committee Members: Jonathan Berg, Carla Montgomery, Eugene Perry) Broadway, Daniel J. (MS) 1996 “Identification of Hydraulically Significant Fractures from Geophysical Well Logs Using Cluster Analysis,” 112 pages (Committee Members: Phil Carpenter, Colin Booth, RaNaye Dreier) Brokus, Sarah A. (MS) 2014 [ProQuest 1566612] “Groundwater and surface water interactions in the hyperarid Atacama Desert, northern Chile,” 90 pages (Committee Members: Justin Dodd, Ryan Pollyea, Melissa Lenczewski) Brossman, James J. (MS) 1982 "Surficial Deposits of Kendall County, Illinois," 66 pages (Committee Members: Ronald Flemal, Ross Powell, A.S. Messenger) 6 Bryant, Kathleen E. (MS) 2006 “Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Halogenated Compounds on the Mineralogy and Chemistry of Glacially Deposited Clay-Sized Minerals,” 199 pages (Committee Members: Melissa Lenczewski, Colin Booth, Mark Frank) Burdelik, William Joseph (MS) 1981 "Crustal Model Beneath McMurdo Sound from Seismic Refraction and Gravity Data," 114 pages (Committee Members: Lyle McGinnis, Patrick Ervin, Malcolm Weiss) Burkart, Michael R. (MS) 1969 "Stratigraphy, Structure, and Petrography of Carboniferous Rocks from Crystal Mountain Region, Arkansas," 75 pages (Committee Members: Robert Morris, Lyle McGinnis, Edgar Odom) Cai, Jinkui (PhD) 1994 [ProQuest 9430224] "Sediment Yields, Lithofacies Architecture and Mudrock Characteristics in Glacimarine Environments," 442 pages (Committee Members: Ross Powell, Paul Carlson, Paul Loubere, Paul Stoddard, Jay Stravers) Caithamer, Celine E. (MS) 1983 "Mineralogical Sources for Barium in Cambro-Ordovician Aquifers of Northeastern Illinois," 89 pages (Committee Members: Edgar Odom, Eugene Perry, Ross Powell) Calkin, Scott Fleming (MS) 1989 "A Shallow Seismic Refraction Survey of the Mallard North
Recommended publications
  • Protecting the Crown: a Century of Resource Management in Glacier National Park
    Protecting the Crown A Century of Resource Management in Glacier National Park Rocky Mountains Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit (RM-CESU) RM-CESU Cooperative Agreement H2380040001 (WASO) RM-CESU Task Agreement J1434080053 Theodore Catton, Principal Investigator University of Montana Department of History Missoula, Montana 59812 Diane Krahe, Researcher University of Montana Department of History Missoula, Montana 59812 Deirdre K. Shaw NPS Key Official and Curator Glacier National Park West Glacier, Montana 59936 June 2011 Table of Contents List of Maps and Photographs v Introduction: Protecting the Crown 1 Chapter 1: A Homeland and a Frontier 5 Chapter 2: A Reservoir of Nature 23 Chapter 3: A Complete Sanctuary 57 Chapter 4: A Vignette of Primitive America 103 Chapter 5: A Sustainable Ecosystem 179 Conclusion: Preserving Different Natures 245 Bibliography 249 Index 261 List of Maps and Photographs MAPS Glacier National Park 22 Threats to Glacier National Park 168 PHOTOGRAPHS Cover - hikers going to Grinnell Glacier, 1930s, HPC 001581 Introduction – Three buses on Going-to-the-Sun Road, 1937, GNPA 11829 1 1.1 Two Cultural Legacies – McDonald family, GNPA 64 5 1.2 Indian Use and Occupancy – unidentified couple by lake, GNPA 24 7 1.3 Scientific Exploration – George B. Grinnell, Web 12 1.4 New Forms of Resource Use – group with stringer of fish, GNPA 551 14 2.1 A Foundation in Law – ranger at check station, GNPA 2874 23 2.2 An Emphasis on Law Enforcement – two park employees on hotel porch, 1915 HPC 001037 25 2.3 Stocking the Park – men with dead mountain lions, GNPA 9199 31 2.4 Balancing Preservation and Use – road-building contractors, 1924, GNPA 304 40 2.5 Forest Protection – Half Moon Fire, 1929, GNPA 11818 45 2.6 Properties on Lake McDonald – cabin in Apgar, Web 54 3.1 A Background of Construction – gas shovel, GTSR, 1937, GNPA 11647 57 3.2 Wildlife Studies in the 1930s – George M.
    [Show full text]
  • Pleistocene Geology of Eastern South Dakota
    Pleistocene Geology of Eastern South Dakota GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 262 Pleistocene Geology of Eastern South Dakota By RICHARD FOSTER FLINT GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 262 Prepared as part of the program of the Department of the Interior *Jfor the development-L of*J the Missouri River basin UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1955 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Douglas McKay, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. E. Wrather, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price $3 (paper cover) CONTENTS Page Page Abstract_ _ _____-_-_________________--_--____---__ 1 Pre- Wisconsin nonglacial deposits, ______________ 41 Scope and purpose of study._________________________ 2 Stratigraphic sequence in Nebraska and Iowa_ 42 Field work and acknowledgments._______-_____-_----_ 3 Stream deposits. _____________________ 42 Earlier studies____________________________________ 4 Loess sheets _ _ ______________________ 43 Geography.________________________________________ 5 Weathering profiles. __________________ 44 Topography and drainage______________________ 5 Stream deposits in South Dakota ___________ 45 Minnesota River-Red River lowland. _________ 5 Sand and gravel- _____________________ 45 Coteau des Prairies.________________________ 6 Distribution and thickness. ________ 45 Surface expression._____________________ 6 Physical character. _______________ 45 General geology._______________________ 7 Description by localities ___________ 46 Subdivisions. ________-___--_-_-_-______ 9 Conditions of deposition ___________ 50 James River lowland.__________-__-___-_--__ 9 Age and correlation_______________ 51 General features._________-____--_-__-__ 9 Clayey silt. __________________________ 52 Lake Dakota plain____________________ 10 Loveland loess in South Dakota. ___________ 52 James River highlands...-------.-.---.- 11 Weathering profiles and buried soils. ________ 53 Coteau du Missouri..___________--_-_-__-___ 12 Synthesis of pre- Wisconsin stratigraphy.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dynamics and Mass Budget of Aretic Glaciers
    DA NM ARKS OG GRØN L ANDS GEO L OG I SKE UNDERSØGELSE RAP P ORT 2013/3 The Dynamics and Mass Budget of Aretic Glaciers Abstracts, IASC Network of Aretic Glaciology, 9 - 12 January 2012, Zieleniec (Poland) A. P. Ahlstrøm, C. Tijm-Reijmer & M. Sharp (eds) • GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF D EN MARK AND GREENLAND DANISH MINISTAV OF CLIMATE, ENEAGY AND BUILDING ~ G E U S DANMARKS OG GRØNLANDS GEOLOGISKE UNDERSØGELSE RAPPORT 201 3 / 3 The Dynamics and Mass Budget of Arctic Glaciers Abstracts, IASC Network of Arctic Glaciology, 9 - 12 January 2012, Zieleniec (Poland) A. P. Ahlstrøm, C. Tijm-Reijmer & M. Sharp (eds) GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF DENMARK AND GREENLAND DANISH MINISTRY OF CLIMATE, ENERGY AND BUILDING Indhold Preface 5 Programme 6 List of participants 11 Minutes from a special session on tidewater glaciers research in the Arctic 14 Abstracts 17 Seasonal and multi-year fluctuations of tidewater glaciers cliffson Southern Spitsbergen 18 Recent changes in elevation across the Devon Ice Cap, Canada 19 Estimation of iceberg to the Hansbukta (Southern Spitsbergen) based on time-lapse photos 20 Seasonal and interannual velocity variations of two outlet glaciers of Austfonna, Svalbard, inferred by continuous GPS measurements 21 Discharge from the Werenskiold Glacier catchment based upon measurements and surface ablation in summer 2011 22 The mass balance of Austfonna Ice Cap, 2004-2010 23 Overview on radon measurements in glacier meltwater 24 Permafrost distribution in coastal zone in Hornsund (Southern Spitsbergen) 25 Glacial environment of De Long Archipelago
    [Show full text]
  • Glacial Processes and Landforms-Transport and Deposition
    Glacial Processes and Landforms—Transport and Deposition☆ John Menziesa and Martin Rossb, aDepartment of Earth Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada; bDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1 Introduction 2 2 Towards deposition—Sediment transport 4 3 Sediment deposition 5 3.1 Landforms/bedforms directly attributable to active/passive ice activity 6 3.1.1 Drumlins 6 3.1.2 Flutes moraines and mega scale glacial lineations (MSGLs) 8 3.1.3 Ribbed (Rogen) moraines 10 3.1.4 Marginal moraines 11 3.2 Landforms/bedforms indirectly attributable to active/passive ice activity 12 3.2.1 Esker systems and meltwater corridors 12 3.2.2 Kames and kame terraces 15 3.2.3 Outwash fans and deltas 15 3.2.4 Till deltas/tongues and grounding lines 15 Future perspectives 16 References 16 Glossary De Geer moraine Named after Swedish geologist G.J. De Geer (1858–1943), these moraines are low amplitude ridges that developed subaqueously by a combination of sediment deposition and squeezing and pushing of sediment along the grounding-line of a water-terminating ice margin. They typically occur as a series of closely-spaced ridges presumably recording annual retreat-push cycles under limited sediment supply. Equifinality A term used to convey the fact that many landforms or bedforms, although of different origins and with differing sediment contents, may end up looking remarkably similar in the final form. Equilibrium line It is the altitude on an ice mass that marks the point below which all previous year’s snow has melted.
    [Show full text]
  • Port Jefferson Geomorphology by Danielle Mulch, Gilbert N
    Port Jefferson Geomorphology By Danielle Mulch, Gilbert N. Hanson Figure 1 (Above)A DEM of Long Island with a close-up of the Port Jefferson Valley and Outwash Plain. Adapted from Gilbert Hanson's DEM. Abstract Research was conducted in the Port Jefferson region to determine the origin of the har- bor itself as well as the gentle sloping plain that begins in Port Jefferson Station and slopes southward past the LIE. Surficial analysis and corroborating evidence (including past re- search, mapping projects and well logs) strongly indicate that Port Jefferson was formed during the late Wisconsinan, specifically, that the Port Jefferson valley, including the harbor, is the remnant of a tunnel valley fed by a subglacial lake and that Port Jefferson Station and south is the resulting outwash fan from a catastrophic subglacial discharge. The research strongly supports the initial hypothesis that the origin of Port Jefferson Harbor was incise- ment by a tunnel valley into the Harbor Hill moraine. Research also strongly supports the catastrophic deposition of the outwash fan. However, the research does raise significant questions that require further study. Two important questions are: What is the stratigraphy and depositional history within the harbor, which is a buried tunnel valley? and What is the nature of Grim's Trench (if it exists) just north of the harbor and how does it interact with the buried tunnel valley? 1 Introduction In this paper, we propose that Port Jefferson valley is a tunnel valley created during the Wisconsinan. This valley cuts the Harbor Hill moraine. We also propose that the fan shaped feature immediately south of the valley is in fact a related alluvial fan that was deposited catastrophically when the sediment-rich water left the tunnel valley and lost energy abruptly.
    [Show full text]
  • Pleistocene Geology of the Embarrass Area, St. Louis County
    UNNERSITY OF MINNESOTA This is to certify that I have examined this copy of a master's thesis by James Davis Lehr and have found that it is complete and satisfactory in all respects, and that any and all revisions required by the final examining committee have been made. Charles L. Matsch Name of Faculty Advisor Signature of Faculty Advisor May 12, 2000 Date GRADUATE SCHOOL PLEISTOCENE GEOLOGY OF THE EMBARRASS ST. LOUIS COUNTY, MINNESOTA A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FA CUL TY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY JAMES DA VIS LEHR IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE May,2000 © James Davis Lehr 2000 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................................... i LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS .................................................................. ........................... iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................ vii INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1 STUDY AREALOCATION ................................................................................... l STUDY OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................ 3 METHODS OF INVESTIGATION ........................................................................ 3 FIELD METHODS .................................... .................................................
    [Show full text]
  • B2150-B FRONT Final
    Bedrock Geology of the Paducah 1°×2° CUSMAP Quadrangle, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, and Missouri By W. John Nelson THE PADUCAH CUSMAP QUADRANGLE: RESOURCE AND TOPICAL INVESTIGATIONS Martin B. Goldhaber, Project Coordinator T OF EN TH TM E U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 2150–B R I A N P T E E R D . I O S . R A joint study conducted in collaboration with the Illinois State Geological U Survey, the Indiana Geological Survey, the Kentucky Geological Survey, and the Missouri M 9 Division of Geology and Land Survey A 8 4 R C H 3, 1 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1998 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Mark Schaefer, Acting Director For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services Box 25286, Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Nelson, W. John Bedrock geology of the Paducah 1°×2° CUSMAP Quadrangle, Illinois, Indiana, Ken- tucky, and Missouri / by W. John Nelson. p. cm.—(U.S. Geological Survey bulletin ; 2150–B) (The Paducah CUSMAP Quadrangle, resource and topical investigations ; B) Includes bibliographical references. Supt. of Docs. no. : I 19.3:2150–B 1. Geology—Middle West. I. Title. II. Series. III. Series: The Paducah CUSMAP Quadrangle, resource and topical investigations ; B QE75.B9 no. 2150–B [QE78.7] [557.3 s—dc21 97–7724 [557.7] CIP CONTENTS Abstract ..........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Paleoclimate and the Origin of Paleozoic Chert: Time to Re-Examine the Origins of Chert in the Rock Record
    The Sedimentary Record Paleoclimate and the Origin of Paleozoic Chert: Time to Re-Examine the Origins of Chert in the Rock Record C. Blaine Cecil Scientist Emeritus, U.S. Geological Survey, MS 956, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Reston, VA 20192-0002 INTRODUCTION: THE CHERT PROBLEM conditions associated with chert occurrence. Depositional Paradigms regarding the origin of sedimentary chert have interpretations for Paleozoic CPM examples include the remained largely unchanged for decades. Extant paradigms following: a) inferred deep marine along paleo-continental generally focus on some aspect of biogenic extraction and margins, b) shallow shelves and epicontinental seas, c) precipitation of silica from seawater without explicitly supratidal environments, and d) nonmarine chert associated addressing the primary source of silica (e.g., Gutschick and with aeolinites. Chert that may have formed on abyssal plains Sandberg, 1983; Maliva, et al., 1989; Beauchamp and Baud, has been lost to subduction. I compare chert examples for 2002; Pope and Steffen, 2003). The primary sources of each of these settings to paleoclimate interpretations of Boucot silica in modern oceans have been attributed predominantly et al., (2013). to river input with lesser amounts coming from submarine groundwater discharge, dust, seafloor weathering, and CHERT: CAMBRIAN TO PERMIAN hydrothermal vents respectively (Tréguer and De La Rocha, Cambrian and Ordovician chert 2013). However, any changes in the order of predominance Examples of CPM in inferred deep water include the among these sources through time are unknown. In this paper Middle and Late Ordovician Bigfork*** and Maravillas cherts I reintroduce a rarely discussed paradigm that attributes the in the Ouachita-Marathon structural trend (Goldstein, 1959), predominant source of silica for Paleozoic chert to aeolian and Ordovician chert in the Cordilleran basin margin in deposition of siliceous sediments (hereinafter, dust) (Haught, Nevada and Idaho (Ketner, 1969).
    [Show full text]
  • Geology of Joppa Quadrangle, Massac County, Illinois
    Illinois Geologic Quadrangle Map IGQ Joppa-G Geology of Joppa Quadrangle Massac County, Illinois W.J. Nelson and J.M. Masters 2008 Illinois Department of Natural Resources ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William W. Shilts, Chief Natural Resources Building 615 East Peabody Drive Champaign, IL 61820-6964 http://www.isgs.uiuc.edu ii Introduction Structural Geology The Joppa Quadrangle contains three major types of geo- The limestone bedrock and younger sediments in the Joppa logic materials. Oldest and at greatest depth is the bedrock, Quadrangle originally were laid down in more or less hori- which dates from the Mississippian Period (about 330 to 350 zontal layers. As a result of earth movements through geo- million years before present). The Mississippian bedrock is logic time, these strata are locally tilted, folded, and broken dominantly limestone that was deposited in a warm, shal- and offset along faults. low sea that covered much of North America at that time. Bedrock is not exposed in the Joppa Quadrangle, but it is at Generally, the bedrock strata of western Massac County are the surface in nearby areas to the north, east, and west, and tilted gently toward the northeast. This tilt reflects regional many wells within the quadrangle penetrate limestone. Data upwarping of a structure called the Pascola Arch, centered from these wells have been used to construct the Mississip- in the “bootheel” of Missouri, coupled with downwarping of pian bedrock geologic map included here (fig. 1). Figure 1 the Illinois Basin, centered in Wayne County in southeastern shows the formation at the bedrock surface and indicates Illinois.
    [Show full text]
  • Dating Glacial Landforms I: Archival, Incremental, Relative Dating Techniques and Age- Equivalent Stratigraphic Markers
    TREATISE ON GEOMORPHOLOGY, 2ND EDITION. Editor: Umesh Haritashya CRYOSPHERIC GEOMORPHOLOGY: Dating Glacial Landforms I: archival, incremental, relative dating techniques and age- equivalent stratigraphic markers Bethan J. Davies1* 1Centre for Quaternary Research, Department of Geography, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX *[email protected] Manuscript Code: 40019 Abstract Combining glacial geomorphology and understanding the glacial process with geochronological tools is a powerful method for understanding past ice-mass response to climate change. These data are critical if we are to comprehend ice mass response to external drivers of change and better predict future change. This chapter covers key concepts relating to the dating of glacial landforms, including absolute and relative dating techniques, direct and indirect dating, precision and accuracy, minimum and maximum ages, and quality assurance protocols. The chapter then covers the dating of glacial landforms using archival methods (documents, paintings, topographic maps, aerial photographs, satellite images), relative stratigraphies (morphostratigraphy, Schmidt hammer dating, amino acid racemization), incremental methods that mark the passage of time (lichenometry, dendroglaciology, varve records), and age-equivalent stratigraphic markers (tephrochronology, palaeomagnetism, biostratigraphy). When used together with radiometric techniques, these methods allow glacier response to climate change to be characterized across the Quaternary, with resolutions from annual to thousands of years, and timespans applicable over the last few years, decades, centuries, millennia and millions of years. All dating strategies must take place within a geomorphological and sedimentological framework that seeks to comprehend glacier processes, depositional pathways and post-depositional processes, and dating techniques must be used with knowledge of their key assumptions, best-practice guidelines and limitations.
    [Show full text]
  • Structural Framework of the Mississippi Embayment of Southern Illinois ^
    <Olo£ 4.GV- Su&O&Ml STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK OF THE MISSISSIPPI EMBAYMENT OF SOUTHERN ILLINOIS ^ Dennis R. Kolata, Janis D. Treworgy, and John M. Masters f^a>i^ < Illinois Institute of Natural Resources STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DIVISION CIRCULAR 516 Jack A. Simon, Chief 1981 . COVER PHOTO: Exposure of Mississippian limestone along the Post Creek Cutoff in eastern Pulaski County, Illinois. The limestone is overlain (in ascending order) by the Little Bear Soil and the Gulfian (late Cretaceous) Tuscaloosa and McNairy Formations. Cover and illustrations by Sandra Stecyk. Kolata, Dennis R. Structural framework of the Mississippi Embayment of southern Illinois / by Dennis R. Kolata, Janis D. Treworgy, and John M. Masters. — Champaign, III. : State Geological Survey Division, 1981 — 38 p. ; 28 cm. (Circular / Illinois. State Geological Survey Division ; 516) 1. Geology — Mississippi Embayment. 2. Geology, Structural — Illinois, Southern. 3. Mississippi Embayment. I. Treworgy, Janis D. II. Masters, John M. III. Title. IV. Series. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ILLINOIS STATE Printed by authority of State of Illinois (3,000/1981) 5018 3 3051 00003 STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK OF THE MISSISSIPPI EMBAYMENT OF SOUTHERN ILLINOIS -*** t**- ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 516 Natural Resources Building 1981 615 East Peabody Drive Champaign, IL 61820 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://archive.org/details/structuralframew516kola CONTENTS ABSTRACT 1 INTRODUCTION 1 METHOD OF STUDY 2 GEOLOGIC SETTING
    [Show full text]
  • Regional Stratigraphy and Petroleum Systems of the Appalachian Basin, North America
    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS SERIES U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MAP I–2768 SOUTHWEST NORTHEAST 85° W 80° W 75° W INTRODUCTION In addition to the major packages of siliciclastic rocks, there are two minor packages Age 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 General Age of siliciclastic rocks that were deposited at approximately 480 to 475 million years North North Although more than 100 years of research have gone into deciphering the ago (St. Peter Sandstone) and at approximately 389 to 387 million years ago (million Features (million Periods Epochs American American East- North- North- Central Eastern Western Eastern South- South- Central North- Northern Western South- East- South- South- North- North- North- Southern Western West- East- Sequences Sequence Periods 45° N 45° N Paleozoic stratigraphy of the Appalachian Basin of North America, it remains a (Oriskany Sandstone). These two minor packages of siliciclastic rocks are present years central east west Tenn. Tenn. Va. Ky. west east W.Va. west W.Va. Md. east central west east east west central Ontario N.Y. central central Boundaries (Interpreted years Lake challenge to visualize the basin stratigraphy on a regional scale and to describe within predominantly carbonate strata and they are not associated with significant Series Stages Huron Events) ago) WISCONSIN stratigraphic relations within the basin. Similar difficulties exist for visualizing and fining-upwards or coarsening-upwards trends. Furthermore, these siliciclastic rocks ago) Ala. Ala. Ga. W.Va. W.Va. W.Va.
    [Show full text]