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Factors Related to Malnutrition Events in Under-Five Children in Kabukarudi Village, East Nusa Tenggara

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Factors Related to Malnutrition Events in Under-Five Children in Kabukarudi Village, East Nusa Tenggara FACTORS RELATED TO MALNUTRITION EVENTS IN UNDER-FIVE CHILDREN IN KABUKARUDI VILLAGE, EAST NUSA TENGGARA Nepriana Buta Rade¹), Theresia Puspitawati²), Jati Untari2) 1)Non-governmental organization Sumba foundation 2)Public Health Study Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Respati Yogyakarta ABSTRACT Background: Malnutrition has become an urgent global health problem. Millions of people are killed or disabled every year due to insufficient nutrition. Indirectly influenced by upbringing, food availability, socio-economic, cultural, and environmental factors. Based on the regency, the highest percentage is in West Sumba (12.20%). This study aimed to find out the factors related to malnutrition events in under-five children in Kabukarudi village, East Nusa Tenggara. Subjects and Method: This was a cross sectional study conducted in Kabukarudi Village, Lamboya District, West Sumba Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. A sample of 99 was selected by purporsive sampling. The data was analyzed by chi square. Results: Relationship between knowledge level (p = 0.047), type of foodstuff (p <0.001), and infectious diseases (p <0.001) it was statistically significant. Conclusion: Malnutrition events in under-five children is associated with knowledge level about nutrition, type of food consumed and infectious disease. Keywords: malnutrition, knowledge, food variant, infection desease Correspondence: Theresia Puspitawati. Public Health Study Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Respati Yogyakarta. Jl. Laksda Adisucipto KM.6,3, Ambarukmo, Caturtunggal, Sleman distric, Yogyakarta 55281 E-mail: [email protected]. Mobile: +628122719110. BACKGROUND equated with malnutrition caused by lack of Nutritional problems occur in many consumption, low absorption, or a vulnerable groups, namely children after considerable loss of nutrients or nutrients, weaning, pregnant women and nursing but this term includes overnutrition mothers. The mortality of children aged 1 to (Gardjito et al., 2009). 4 years in developing countries is influenced The main factor that causes by nutrition (Suhardjo, 2008). Malnutrition malnutrition is the familys inadequate diet, mainly affects children who are growing up, namely the lack of the familys ability to called children under five years of age, the provide excellent and nutritious food most common diseases are lack of calories (Minarto, 2007; Cit Tagukoda, 2011). and lack of protein or what is known as Lack Malnutrition is directly influenced by food of Calories and Protein (KKP) (Sediaoetama, consumption and infectious diseases, 2006). indirectly controlled by parenting styles, Malnutrition is a condition of food availability, and socio-economic, imbalance between body needs and intake of cultural and environmental factors. The essential nutrients. Malnutrition is often socio-economic determinant is a lack of The 7th International Conference on Public Health Solo, Indonesia, November 18-19, 2020 |36 https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph-FP.01.05 food. If malnutrition continues, it can Lamboya people experience a lack of food become an inhibiting factor in national supply, which can lead to a lack of food development. Gradually, malnutrition will intake for the family. This study investigates impact the high mortality rates for mothers, the factors associated with the incidence of babies and toddlers, and low life expectancy malnutrition in children aged 1 to 5 years in (Arisman, 2004). Kabukarudi Village, Lamboya District, West Besides, the impact of malnutrition Sumba Regency - NTT. can also be seen in mothers' poor knowledge about nutrition and food insecurity at the SUBJECTS AND METHOD household level (Pudiastuti, 2011). West 1. Study Design Sumba Regency is one of the districts in NTT This was a cross-sectional study conducted Province that faces malnutrition. in Kabukarudi Village, Lamboya District, The data from the non-governmental West Sumba Regency, and East Nusa organization Sumba Foundation, in the Tenggara. Lamboya District area, the most suffering 2. Population and Sample from malnutrition is toddlers. From June This study's population was all mothers who 2008 to October 2011, Ringurara Village had children aged 1-5 years in Kabukarudi contained 88 malnutrition sufferers, Rua Village, Lamboya District, and West Sumba Village 67 malnutrition sufferers, Hobawawi Regency - NTT. 40 patients, Pahola 1 patient. Rajak 1 The number of children under five is patient, Lamboya below 126 malnutrition 238 inhabitants. The total sample of 99 sufferers and Patiala Bawah Village there people was taken by purposive sampling were 79 malnutrition sufferers and Lamboya with the criteria of mothers who have Bawah Village from November 2011 to April toddlers aged 1 to 5 years. Data were 2012 there were 75 malnourished toddlers, collected during the implementation of the this location was the initial location for public health center in each region. researchers to carry out the research but 3. Study Variable because the toddlers who were respondents, Inclusion Criteria In this study, mothers the researchers were already healthy then who have toddlers aged 1-5 years who live in the researchers moved to a different location Kabukarudi Village, Lamboya District, West but still in one Lamboya sub-district, namely Sumba Regency - NTT, are willing to be Kabukarudi Village with the latest data respondents to attend the research. received in May 2012 the number of toddlers 4. Variable Operational Definition suffering from malnutrition was 85 people, The level of knowledge is the mother's with a total of 238 children under five. understanding of nutritional problems, The people in the Lamboya District area which is measured based on the value of the and especially Kabukarudi Village have a answer with the sound, adequate, and livelihood of farming, are civil servants insufficient categories of foodstuffs (PNS), and a small part is fishermen. consumed is information about various food Farmers can only work or work on their ingredients consumed by toddlers in a day fields and rice fields during the rainy season consisting of staple food, side dishes, animal because there is a lack of water sources in and vegetable) vegetables and fruits are the area, so that during the dry season, some obtained by identifying the type of foodstuff The 7th International Conference on Public Health Solo, Indonesia, November 18-19, 2020 |37 https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph-FP.01.05 at mealtimes (morning, afternoon, evening), average standard by looking at the diagnosis which are then categorized as complete and results of the malnutrition program incomplete. implementer from the Sumba Foundation Infectious Diseases Infectious are Non-Governmental Organization which diseases that children under five have uses the Z-score calculation with the BB / U suffered or experienced within the last 3 indicator with the category of malnutrition (three) months up to the time of the study. It and not malnutrition. is said that there is an infectious disease if 5. Data Analysis you have had a disease (diarrhea, ISPA, Data were analyzed using chi- square tuberculosis, measles, worms and malaria) by looking at the results of the diagnosis of RESULTS malnutrition management officers from the 1. Characteristics of research subjects Sumba Foundation Non-Governmental Characteristics of research respondents, Organization in the category of sick and not which include the sex of children under five, sick. age, education level and maternal Malnutrition is a condition in which a occupation, are shown in the following person is declared malnourished, or in other table: words, his nutritional status is below the Table 1. Characteristics of respondents Characteristics Category Frequency Percentage Gender Boys 45 45.5% Female 54 54.5% Maternal age 18 -27 years 43 43.4% 28-37 years 39 39.4% 38-46 years 17 17.2% Capital Education not completed primary 26 26.3% school completed elementary 45 45.5% school Junior High School 14 14.1.0% graduate High School graduate 14 14.1% Capital Works Farmers 94 94.9% Entrepreneur 5 5.1% Most respondents based on the mothers age family can affect the level of children's range 18-27 years (43.4%). This period is health, especially for nutritional status, considered as a period of adjustment to the because this period is an adjustment period new social. The age of 18 years is a period of that still requires guidance from other dependence, which in fact, some of them are people or parents. still dependent on others for a certain period Increasing a person's age has an impact (Pieter and Lubis, 2010). It can be said that on changes in physical and psychological the high age of early adulthood having a aspects. Physical growth, such as changes in The 7th International Conference on Public Health Solo, Indonesia, November 18-19, 2020 |38 https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph-FP.01.05 size, proportion, loss of old characteristics, Kabukarudi village in Lamboa. The statis- and new traits. A person's level of thinking is tical calculation result of the relationship. more mature and mature (Wawan and Dewi, West Sumba-NTT, p-value = 0.047 OR = 2010). 2.159, which means that compared with The mothers' education level was nutrition knowledge, respondents with mostly elementary school graduates sufficient nutrition knowledge have a 2.159 (45.5%), which means it was in a low times higher risk of infant malnutrition. It category. Education is needed to obtain can be seen between sig (p value) and α, information such as things that support where sig
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