INSIGHT

Hills in the north-east corner of AP AnRak Aluminium bordering Odisha.

Another Vedanta in the Making? The AnRak Project A number of memoranda of understand- ing (MOUs) to set up alumina plants were Patrik Oskarsson signed by the erstwhile Y S Raja sekhara Reddy (YSR) government between 2005 A bauxite/aluminium project very auxite mining in the tribal areas and 2009. Under these MOUs, the AP similar to the Vedanta project in of central has become one government would, together with private Odisha is coming up in Bof the most controversial issues in companies, extract and refi ne bauxite the country and has faced signifi cant op- ore. However, while the proposed Jindal district of Andhra position locally as well as nationally, the South West (JSW) and Nalco projects Pradesh. AnRak Aluminium, a most notorious in recent years being have hit roadblocks, AAL has secured all company of the government of the Vedanta Aluminium Limited (VAL) clearances for its refi nery and smelter Ras al-Khaimah of the United project at Lanjigarh in Odisha. A number complex. Construction is now in progress of similar struggles have been witnessed at the site in Makavarapalem in Visakha- Arab Emirates and Penna Cement in other areas as well including Kashipur patnam district though the construction of AP has secured approval for in south Odisha and the agency areas of roads and other infrastructure for the both an aluminium complex and of Visakhapatnam in mines remains incomplete due to signi- AP the bauxite mines, but the fi nal ( ). Though the Fifth Schedule of the fi cant local opposition. Indian Constitution provides protection In February 2007, a MOU was signed forest clearance for the mines is to the adivasi (tribal) people living in between the AP government and the awaited. The AnRak project has scheduled areas, also known as agency government of Ras al-Khaimah (RAK), a replicated the Vedanta model of areas, across nine states from alienation member of the United Arab Emirates, for fi rst building the refi nery and of their lands and natural resources to mining and refi ning bauxite under which non-tribals, one sees that rather than the AP government promised to supply then setting up the mine. The upholding the adivasi people’s rights to bauxite via the AP Mineral Development mine is to be operated by the state land and resources, government is col- Corporation (APMDC), a public sector government to circumvent the luding with private investors to usurp entity owned by the AP government, to ban on non-tribal landownership. these rights. the alumina refi nery to be established At present, the National Aluminium by AAL. APMDC would mine the bauxite In fact, the state government Company (Nalco), a public sector under- in the Jerrela Hills of Visakhapatnam has disregarded the huge taking (PSU), is the only company per- district, a scheduled area, and supply it environmental and social impact mitted to mine bauxite in southern to AAL’s refi nery, which would be built and popular protests against Odisha, which it has been doing since outside the reserved tribal area. This the early 1980s. However, VAL has not peculiar set-up was apparently employed mining bauxite in the Jerrela given up hope of mining bauxite in the to circumvent the tribal land transfer Hills, inhabited almost exclusively Narayangiri Hills near Lanjigarh, and legislation that bans private ownership by adivasi tribes who will further south in AP, AnRak Aluminium of land in the scheduled areas in AP.1 AAL AP be displaced, to safeguard Ltd ( ) has made signifi cant efforts The government did not make any to gain access to bauxite deposits in announcement about the signing of this private gain. the state. MOU. It was only a month later that an This article questions why AAL is being Andhra daily published a news report allowed to become another Vedanta by about the venture. At that time little was following the controversial approach of known about RAK, which was chosen as splitting bauxite mining and alumina an investment partner over other inter- refi ning in two parts. Like the experience ested companies such as public sector of the Dongria Kondh adivasis in the Nalco. Indeed, RAK did not have an offi ce Niyamgiri Hills in Odisha where VAL or a website at the time; its registered had made exaggerated claims, AAL too offi ce was a family house in the Jubilee Patrik Oskarsson ([email protected]) is is silent about the fate of the Kondh Hills area of Hyderabad. The choice of Assistant Professor at the Azim Premji and other adivasi communities living RAK as a business partner was unexpected University, Bangalore. in the proposed mining area of Jerrela given that it had no previous industrial

Economic & Political Weekly EPW december 29, 2012 vol xlviI no 52 29 INSIGHT experience, not to mention any expertise of Rs 7,000 crore on 1,380 acres of land. The main criteria for the selection of a in aluminium. It does have a ceramic Even though the Environmental Impact site next to Makavarapalem appears to tiles business in AP and as a small, rich Assessment (EIA) report made it clear that be that it was outside the scheduled area, kingdom in west Asia, it has money the company intended to double output had a canal next to it to provide water and oil that could be used to produce in the future, there was always some and crucially, consisted largely of the aluminium. Indeed, many west Asian amount of uncertainty about its plans so-called assigned land, which has come countries such as Dubai, Oman and Qatar (Ministry of Environment and Forests to be so popular for industrial projects are currently either expanding or invest- 2008b; BS Envi Tech 2008). AAL now in AP due to its weaker protection of ing in new aluminium smelters fuelled reports that it has 1,926 acres of land tenants.6 Also, following common practice by cheap access to natural gas and oil, available (AnRak Aluminium Ltd 2012b) in AP and following Vedanta’s example and the RAK project is likely to fi t into a where signifi cant construction work is at Lanjigarh, it was decided to acquire plan of exporting alumina to a smelter in currently underway. It is unclear when agricultural land but to circumvent the west Asia in the future. the complex will be completed; however, villages (Oskarsson 2010; Amnesty Inter- In 2007, there were rumours about the company’s website says production national 2011). A visit to the site in June the involvement of the locally infl uential would commence in June 2012, which 2012 made it clear that the villages Penna Cement group in the deal but this has already passed. If news reports are remain within metres of the proposed could not be substantiated (Oskarsson correct, it appears that the AAL manage- site and its polluting activities. Living 2010). In 2012, however, this connection ment is worried about where it will next to a polluting industry without any is clearly evident on the AAL website which get its ore from since enquiries are being job appears to be what the AAL EIA refers says, “AnRak Aluminium Ltd commenced made about getting supplies from Gujarat to as land acquisition with “minimum as a joint venture between Penna group or central India (Patnaik 2012). It is relocation” (BS Envi Tech 2008: 149). of industries and Ras Al Khaimah Invest- interesting to note that even as AAL is Little is known about the actual land ment Authority with 70:30 ratio” (AnRak moving ahead to fi nish constructing its use before AAL moved in. According to Aluminium Ltd 2012a). A local leader plant, Vedanta’s Lanjigarh refi nery has the AAL EIA, “[s]ugarcane was the most opposed to the project at Makavarapalem suspended operations as it does not extensively grown crop with coverage described the AAL management as being have suffi cient ore.5 Is this the future of of about 66% of the cropped area. […] mainly the Penna group with little oper- AAL as well? Paddy was the second prominent crop ational infl uence exercised by RAK.2 But covering about 21% of the cropped area” if the Penna group is the main promoter, Land Acquisition (ibid: 77). An MoEF inspection team the question is why is the company Unlike VAL, AAL was able to avoid a public further reported that “most of this area called AnRak rather than AnPenna? hearing prior to land acquisition. This is was under casuarina plantation. Remain- Is this because there is an attempt to one mandatory point of information ing area was under paddy, sugarcane, camoufl age the close links between the sharing and public debate that has, despite mango, chilies, etc. Only about 200 acres promoters and the YSR regime that could its many defi ciencies, remained some- were under irrigated cultivation” (Ministry have hampered the deal? The Penna what of a stumbling block for projects in of Environment and Forests 2010: 36). Cement group was founded by P Pratap AP. In AAL’s case, however, the AP govern- According to these sources, though the Reddy, treasurer of AP Congress during ment found an innovative way to circum- site was cultivated, it was perhaps not of the YSR years, and described as a close vent the process. By notifying the area the best agricultural quality. associate.3 With other AP Congress mem- for the AAL complex as a special eco- Another concern for local residents bers also believed to be investing in the nomic zone (SEZ), it was possible for the and Visakhapatnam city residents is the project, it is not surprising that the government to acquire the land without 38 million litres of water per day that has project has been accorded extremely a public hearing and thus also without an been allocated to AAL from the contro- high priority, enabling it to catch up with EIA report, which would have given some versial Polavaram project (GVMC 2008). the JSW project in implementation.4 detailed information to those affected. The But Visakhapatnam city is already starved The initial secrecy surrounding the ability to do this rested on the technicality of water and since the Polavaram project deal and the subsequent speed at which that a multi-product SEZ is viewed as an is mired in litigation, it is not certain it has moved, together with the close industrial park that would have to have when, or if, there will be any water political contacts and charges of corrup- a number of companies before it could available at all. Signifi cant protests in tion, give the impression that this is yet be assessed on environmental merits. In the city as well as litigation have been another investment made for political the Makavarapalem SEZ there was only resorted to but without success (The rather than public gain. The original one company in the park and it was well- Hindu 2008b, 2009). environmental application for AAL was for known that it was going to be AAL, but Despite the uncertainties related to a 1.5 MTPA (million tonnes per annum) the principle remained. When the public water and land, as well as, or perhaps refi nery, a 0.25 MTPA smelter, and a hearing was held on 7 June 2008, all the because of, AAL’s close political con- 90 MW power plant at Makavarapalem land was already in the government’s nections with the AP Congress, the alu- in of AP at a cost possession and there was no protest. minium complex may be completed soon.

30 december 29, 2012 vol xlviI no 52 EPW Economic & Political Weekly INSIGHT However, uncertainty remains over where fi rst level clearance, known as Stage I, mines will supposedly affect the exact the bauxite will be sourced from despite and is awaiting Stage II approval. same 66 villages. But for want of details some progress for the proposed Jerrela APMDC, the state mining company about who the affected people actually mines in the offi cial approval process. which was on the verge of closure in the are, the EIA falls back on statistics since 1990s after mounting losses, has drasti- its consultants did not survey the area The Proposed Mines cally reduced its workforce. Yet it has thoroughly. The report is clear only Opencast bauxite mining has been pro- been taking part in an increasing number about the consultants’ visit to fi ve of posed for the Jerrela group of hills to of major deals in recent years. On the the more accessible villages (Indian provide ore to AAL’s alumina refi nery. ground, it has only one mining operation Council of Forestry Research and Edu- The Jerrela group, close to Chintapalli in – a black marble mine in Kadapa district cation 2008) but news reports indicate Visakhapatnam district and about 90 km in southern AP. And with only 230 em- that a police escort was required even from the AAL site, contains 246 million ployees currently on its payroll and strict for this brief visit to the area (The tonnes of bauxite. These blocks, like other limits on recruitment, the numerous new Hindu 2008a). bauxite hills in AP, are different from mining projects proposed in its name do The J C Kala Committee was appointed those in Odisha in that the hills here are not indicate increased mining activity by the MOEF in late 2011 to clarify the smaller and pointier with thick deposits by the company; rather it is APMDC’s social and environmental impact of compared to the widespread but thin mine planning section that has taken on bauxite mining in Visakhapatnam. How- deposits of the latter. In AP, this means a more important role in recent years. ever, this committee could not travel to that mining will take place on several With its close connections to the state Jerrela due to local protests and there- smaller hills at the same time with no in- mines and geology department, the fore relied on the same material as the stalled infrastructure like, for example, mine planners are in a prime position to earlier EIA consultants, apart from a brief Nalco’s conveyor belt at Panchpatmali apply for new deposits allotted on a aerial survey. The sum of all existing re- in Odisha. Instead, it seems likely that fi rst-come-fi rst-served basis when these ports is that precious little is known simple roads will be built to the top of become available (Oskarsson 2010). Ac- about the people who live in the Jerrela the hills for trucks to transport the ore, tual mining activity, including blasting, area and there is really not much to go further increasing forest loss. digging and transporting of ore in the on when attempting to understand who The bauxite deposits in Jerrela are Jerrela Hills, have been assigned to an will be affected by the mining and how. proposed to be mined by APMDC in four unspecifi ed “mining contractor”, assumed Chintapalli is known for having a so-called blocks, best understood as four to be a private contractor (Indian Council large number of inhabitants of the separate hillocks within the Jerrela Hills of Forestry Research and Education Kondh adivasi group, the largest of all area. Mining was initially planned over 2008: 180). groups in Odisha, but also present in AP 1,162 ha in four Jerrela blocks with 3.5 especially as a result of migration since MTPA produced (Ministry of Environ- The Invisible Lives the 1950s. At least one lakh Kondh now ment and Forests 2008a). However, But what about the social impact of live in Visakhapatnam district alone. though mining was proposed in four the mines? The Jerrela EIA identifi es The other main groups in Chintapalli blocks, only one detailed EIA report has four types of tribes: “Valmiki, Kondu, are Bagata and Valmiki, and a number been made, and that too for the smallest Konduera and Bhagata” (ibid: 34). Does of other tribes, including Gadaba, also Block I. The report merely repeated that Kondu refer to the Kondh? And what exist in this very diverse region on the the other three blocks would be mined is Konduera? Though such details are border of south and central India (Com- in the same way. This approach was not provided by the EIA, it does go on mittee for Relief to Girijan Victims of AP approved by MoEF in November 2008 to say that these groups “eke out their 1987). One of few available reports on and later verifi ed by the now defunct livelihood from a range of occupations the people of Chintapalli mandal (block) National Environment Appellate Authority that include hunting, gathering minor stated in the 1980s that “[t]he informa- (NEAA) in an appeal (National Environ- forest produce, horticulture, slash-and- tion so far recorded regarding the eco- ment Appellate Authority 2009). After the burn (podu) agriculture, and dry-wet nomic conditions of shifting cultivation environmental clearances were secured, cultivation” (ibid). There are 31 villages in AP is very scanty. No detailed study has the mining area changed to Block III and within 5 km of the Jerrela Block I mine, been conducted probing into the cultural the production estimates were increased and 66 villages within 10 km of Block I, background of the tribals who are prac- to 3.85 MTPA (Ministry of Environment which are almost entirely inhabited by tising shifting cultivation” (Menon and and Forests 2009). At this rate of mining, adivasi people. The EIA fi gures are based Nag 1988). This, unfortunately, contin- Block III will last for 17 years while the on Census 2001 data and have not ues to be true. The only thing that has total ore deposits of 224.60 million been updated. changed is the reason for displacing the tonnes will be suffi cient for about 60 years The same social impact is apparently tribes from forest conservation in the of AAL’s operations. The sole approval true for the other proposed mines as 1980s to mining in the 2010s. r emaining for Jerrela is the forest clearance well. Though spread across more than Compared to most tribal groups in AP, from MOEF. AAL has already received the 1,000 ha, the four blocks of bauxite the Kondh do not speak Telugu natively,

Economic & Political Weekly EPW december 29, 2012 vol xlviI no 52 31 INSIGHT thereby creating a barrier to integration – two elected representatives have been While this article has described the into the state. The main issue between killed, one in 2007, and another in 2010 close support AAL has received from the Telugu-speaking “local” tribes and (The Hindu 2007; Oneindia News 2007; leading state-level politicians, sections of the Kondh is that the former have been Narasimha Rao 2010). the central government have expressed able to cultivate land outside of the The counter-insurgency operations have concern about the consequences of reserve forest and get at least some form placed the entire area under signi fi cant mining. Union Tribal Welfare Minister of recognition of the right to use this strain with a majority of the population and Visakhapatnam MP Kishore Chandra land for settled agriculture and coffee caught between two sides known to Deo opposes the project and has asked cultivation. The Kondh, on the other hand, use violence in favour of their causes, the AP governor to cancel the mining despite having lived for many decades historically as well as in the present leases. Similarly, Union Rural Develop- now in AP, continue to use marginal (Balagopal 1988, 2006). Local activists ment Minister Jairam Ramesh has voiced borderland areas for shifting cultivation fi nd themselves either framed as govern- concern (Sehgal 2012; Deccan Chronicle and forest product collection. ment collaborators or as Maoists, depend- 2012). The CPI and CPI(M) along with Since the Kondh living close to the ing on the position they take vis-à-vis many non-governmental organisations Odisha border do not have recognised mining. In this tense scenario, very little (NGOs) and other groups are also pro- landholdings, and their villages do not space exists for a peaceful resolution of testing against the unpopular bauxite appear on offi cial maps, they remain issues. Also, it is not completely insigni- mining part of the project. In the mean- invisible, or at the very least at an unclear fi cant that the Communist Party of India while, landowners at the AAL site in state, when environmental consultants (Marxist) – CPI(M) – and Com munist Party Makavarapalem have received some cash make their EIA reports. The topographic of India (CPI) enjoy some support in the for their land but will have to continue to map from 1983, which is the most detailed area. A network of local journalists dis- live Vedanta-style right next to a pollut- map available in the public domain, seminates information of daily events; ing alumina complex without any mean- shows a handful of villages in the valleys and, away from Jerrela a large number of ingful way of making a living. surrounding the Jerrela group of bauxite individuals and organisations support The project is now moving ahead reserves, but otherwise shows the land the tribal people (Oskarsson 2010). It is despite signifi cant political as well as as a reserve forest. The Forest Rights Act this loose network, which forms the anti- local opposition, particularly in relation has so far not been able to make signifi - bauxite movement that can prevent an- to the mines. That the company is willing cant changes to this picture. While some other Vedanta in Visakhapatnam district. to spend thousands of crores on an un- individual titles have been issued, the certain project is quite surprising. Is it general experience in the bauxite min- Conclusions that strong political support makes the ing area is that applications are denied At present, AAL is pursuing its alumina company certain that mining will even- without reason, even when not inter- project with scant, if indeed any, public tually start? At this juncture, when the fering with the immediate area planned benefi t while concealing adivasi groups state is in a political crisis due to internal for mining (Rebbapragada et al 2010). in the proposed mining area from offi cial political party feuds, corruption accusa- Chintapalli has also for a long time plans. Instead of moving towards increased tions, and the Telangana struggle for been the base of Maoist groups but lately transparency for contentious mineral statehood, it is not clear how anybody the AP government’s special police have development, the AAL project has moved can be certain what will happen. Even if managed to drive these groups across towards further camoufl aging intentions the refi nery starts operations without the border to Chhattisgarh and Odisha. and preventing deliberations. The actual guaranteed ore supplies from nearby, it However, the security situation remains investors were unknown for a long time. will be a loss-making affair just like the tense and the Maoists return from time Once it became clear that Penna Cement Vedanta Lanjigarh refi nery. to time. Nowadays, much of the violence was in fact the largest shareholder, ques- The Dongria Kondh are the invisible is related to the unpopular bauxite min- tions were naturally raised both about adivasis of the Jerrela Hills, but their ing. One example of this is how the work the company’s lack of relevant experi- numbers are not known. The moot ques- to improve a road meant to transport ore ence in the industry as well as its close tion is how do they make a living at by trucks down the hills to the refi nery political connections. RAK is also with- present and what will they do in the was disrupted in June 2012 by a Maoist out previous experience in aluminium future if this mining project goes ahead. group. In this attack, construction workers and seems to disproportionately invest Offi cial plans do not answer these were beaten up and machinery set on in AP, again raising questions about important questions in a meaningful way. fi re. This was close to Chintapalli town, the infl uence of AP Congress politicians. If the project continues, we will never i e, before the road had come close to the And APMDC appears mainly as a front know since these peoples will simply proposed mining area around Jerrela, for private miners (who are banned in have to get up and leave. more than 15 km away, indicating that the AP scheduled areas) given that it the actual mining will happen only many has no experience of bauxite mining, no Notes years in the future. Maoist violence has manpower, and no equipment to get 1 The Andhra Pradesh Scheduled Area Land affected other supporters of the mining the work done. Transfer Regulation 1959 as amended up to

32 december 29, 2012 vol xlviI no 52 EPW Economic & Political Weekly INSIGHT

1970. Also known as the 1/70 Act, the 1st Act http://www.cscsarchive.org:8081/MediaArchive/ Oskarsson, P (2010): The Law of the Land Contested: of 1970. liberty.nsf/(docid)/6EC4EF08FD230CF065256 Bauxite Mining in Tribal, Central India in an 2 Interview, June 2012, Makavarapalem, Visakha- B0100570B3D?OpenDocument Age of Economic Reform, University of East An- patnam district. The precise link leading from Ministry of Environment and Forests (2008a): Min- glia, Norwich, UK, accessed on 28 August 2012, RAK to the MoU in AP is not known, but it utes of the 27th Meeting of the Expert Appraisal https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/20537/1/Oskars- could be the investment made by Penna Cement Committee (Mining), Held during 4-5 November son_Law_of_the_Land_PhD_Thesis.pdf in RAK in 2006. 2008, accessed on 23 November 2012, http:// – (2012): “Giving With One Hand, Taking Away 3 In recent years, RAK has been busy signing 164.100.194.5:8081/ssdn1/getAgendaMetting- With the Other: Land for Industry via a Land agreements in AP. Rakindo is a newly formed MinutesSchedule.do;jsessionid=784585D0A8 Distribution Program in Andhra Pradesh” in S joint venture in real estate together with Tri- BDCB58645D026915FCCEF4?indCode=MIN1N Somayaji and S Dasgupta (ed.), Sociology of mex, a baryte mining company headquartered ov%2004,%202008 Displacement (Delhi: Oxford University Press). in Chennai, but operating in Cuddapah in – (2008b): Terms of Reference for Anrak Alumini- Patnaik, S (2012): “Alumina Refi nery: Anrak Toe- south AP. Rakindo claims it will invest several um Limited, dated 20 February 2008, accessed ing Vedanta Line”, The Hindu, accessed on 28 billion dollars in real estate across India over on 28 August 2012, http://164.100.194.5:8081/ August 2012, http://www.thehindu.com/news/ the next few years. The RAK government is ssdn1/showTorDetails.do?projectCode=J-11011/ cities/Visakhapatnam/article3257121.ece also involved in the 16,800-crore Vadarevu 813/2007-IA.II%28I%29 Rebbapragada, R, D Pandey and R Chellam (2010): and Nizampatnam Ports, and the Industrial – (2009): Minutes of the 31st Meeting of the Expert Implementation of Forest Rights Act in Andhra Corridor (Vanpic) project in Prakasam district. Appraisal Committee (Mining), Held during Pradesh: Report of Field Visit, 27-31 July 2010 4 The JSW-AP government project appears to have 3-4 March 2009, accessed on 28 August 2012, (New Delhi: MoEF/MoTA Committee on Forest more or less stalled while AnRak moves ahead. http://164.100.194.5:8081/ssdn1/getAgenda Rights Act). Interviews in S Kota, Vizianagaram district in MettingMinutesSchedule.do;jsessionid=8287 Seethalakshmi, S (2009): Special Economic Zones June 2012 testifi ed that JSW has had no presence BA236E9BC96BAD7EC882163E094E?indCode in Andhra Pradesh: Issues, Concerns and Ways =MIN1Mar%2003,%202009 in the area for the last two years. No progress has Ahead (Ongole and Hyderabad, India: Society been made on approvals for its bauxite mines in – (2010): Site Inspection Report on Thermal Power for National Integration through Rural Devel- Araku, Visakhapatnam district. Plants of Srikakulam District and Aluminium opment and ActionAid). Refi nery Project in Vishakapatnam and Viziana- 5 Vedanta, despite the lack of ore, is still pursu- Sehgal, R (2012): “Deo: Mining Reason for Maoist garam Districts (Delhi: Government of India). Activity”, The Asian Age, accessed on 28 August ing a sixfold expansion in Lanjigarh via court 2012, http://www.asianage.com/india/deo- litigation and a new Ministry of Environment – (2011): Minutes of the 27th Meeting of the Expert Held During mining-reason-maoist-activity-371 and Forests (MoEF) application. A Terms of Appraisal Committee (Industry-1), 26 & 27 August 2011, accessed on 16 May 2012, Reference (TOR) document was issued by the The Hindu (2007): “ZP Vice-Chairman’s Killing: http://164.100.194.5:8081/ssdn1/getAgen- MoEF in August 2011 (Ministry of Environment 2 Militants Held”, accessed on 26 May 2008, daMettingMinutesSchedule.do?indCode= IN- http://www.hindu.com/2007/06/11/stories/ and Forests 2011). DAug%2026,%202011 2007061115050100.htm 6 For assigned land references see Oskarsson (2012) Narasimha Rao, G (2010): “Maoists Kill Vizag ZP – (2008a): “Eco Impact Survey on in Jerrela and Seethalakshmi (2009). Vice-Chairman”, The Hindu, accessed on 11 May Area, Says DSP”, accessed on 1 October 2008, 2010, http://www.hindu.com/2010/05/11/ sto- http://www.hindu.com/2008/03/06/stories/ ries/2010051160060500.htm References 2008030654150500.htm National Environment Appellate Authority (2009): – (2008b): “Diversion of Godavari Water Opposed”, Amnesty International (2011): Generalisations, Order in Appeal No. 10 of 2009 on the Environ- accessed on 17 March 2010, http://www.thehindu. Omissions, Assumptions: The Failings of Vedanta’s mental Approval of Jerrila Bauxite Mines. com/2008/06/10/stories/2008061060520300. Environmental Impact Assessments for Its Bauxite Oneindia News (2007): “Maoists Shoots ZP Vice- htm Mine and Alumina Refi nery in India’s State of Chairman to Death in AP”, accessed on 23 No- – (2009): “Court Notice on Water to Jindal”, ac- Orissa (London: Amnesty International UK). vember 2012, http://news.oneindia.in/2007/ cessed on 17 March 2010, http://www.thehindu. Anrak Aluminium Limited (2012a): “About Us”, ac- 05/29/maoists-shoots-zp-vice-chairman-to- com/2009/07/31/stories/2009073160170300. cessed on 28 August 2012, http://www.anraka- death-in-ap-1180418816.html htm luminium.in/anrak_introduction.html – (2012b): “Statutory Approvals”, accessed on 28 August 2012, http://www.anrakaluminium.in/ milestone_anrak_approvals.html Balagopal, K (1988): “Chintapalli Again: One Eventful Day in a Lawless Life”, Economic & Po- EPW 5-Year CD-ROM 2004-08 on a Single Disk litical Weekly, 23(5): 180-83. – (2006): “The Maoist Movement in Andhra The digital versions of Economic and Political Weekly for 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008 Pradesh”, Economic & Political Weekly, 41(29): 3183-87. are now available on a single disk. The CD-ROM contains the complete text of 261 issues B S Envi Tech (2008): Draft Environmental Impact published from 2004 to 2008 and comes equipped with a powerful search, tools to help organise Assessment Report of Integrated Aluminium research and utilities to make your browsing experience productive. The contents of the CD-ROM Complex by ANRAK Aluminium at Maka- are organised as in the print edition, with articles laid out in individual sections in each issue. varipalem Mandal, Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh. With its easy-to-use features, the CD-ROM will be a convenient resource for social scientists, Committee for Relief to Girijan Victims of AP researchers and executives in government and non-government organisations, social and political (1987): Chintapalli Arson Case-Petition, Calcut- ta, accessed on 20 August 2012, http://www. activists, students, corporate and public sector executives and journalists. cscsarchive.org:8081/MediaArchive/liberty. nsf/(docid)/2F2E6E3E68DC004865256B0000 Price for 5 year CD-ROM (in INDIA) 7876A7 Individuals - Rs 1500 Deccan Chronicle (2012): “No Bauxite Mining: Institutions - Rs 2500 Jairam”, accessed on 5 March 2012, http:// www.deccanchronicle.com/node/101031 To order the CD-ROM send a bank draft payable at Mumbai in favour of Economic and Political GVMC (2008): Reply to Right to Information Request on Supply of Water to Aluminium Factories, Greater Weekly. The CD can also be purchased on-line using a credit card through a secure payment Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation. gateway at epw.in Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (2008): Draft Report on Environment Impact As- Any queries please email: [email protected] sessment and Environment Management Plan for Jerrila Block I Bauxite Mines, Visakhapatnam Circulation Manager, District, Andhra Pradesh, Dehradun, India. Economic and Political Weekly Menon, T C and J Nag (1988): Report on the Chinta- 320-321, A to Z Industrial Estate, Ganpatrao Kadam Marg, Lower Parel, palli Arson Case, Indian People’s Human Rights Mumbai 400 013, India Tribunal, Delhi, accessed on 20 August 2012,

Economic & Political Weekly EPW december 29, 2012 vol xlviI no 52 33