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Book Reviews Elfriede Abbe, the Plants of Virgil's - 53- BOOK REVIEWS ELFRIEDE ABBE, THE PLANTS OF VIRGIL'S GEORGICS, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 1965. Pp. xvii plus 217. Cloth, 7.50 dollars. No-one would deny that this handsome book, profusely illustrated with woodcuts and drawings, offers an immediate temptation to lovers of Virgil - ,alL the more so if they wish to lighten their wallets of 7.50 dollars or its equivalent in the quaint currencies of Europe. Here we have the relevant Virgilian quotations, thoughtfully translated for us, and supported by passages from Theophrastus, Cato, Columella, Pliny, Nicander, Dioscorides et al. The plants are drawn from living specimens seen in Italy; the author, a distinguished book-illustrator, has examined thoroughly some of the oldest European herbaria; she gives us excellent discussions of tricky plants such as hyacinthus (Geo.4, 137 & 183) and siler (Geo. 2,12). Unfortunately the bo;;k is marred by such a rich and diverse collection of errors that it must be used with circumspection. Miss Abbe's grasp of Latin is not of the firmest; her Greek is still more unsure (the alphabet gives her - and her readers! - some anxious moments); she quotes sometimes from editions long superseded; the design of the book makes it wastefully repetitive; she has striven to please too many folk - classicists (including those who rely chi.efly on translations), medievalists, bibliophiles, botanists, herbalists, art-lovers and what the 'blurb' calls 'serious gardeners'. The citations of Virgil are too often minced very fine (e.g. pascuntur et arbuta, p.155), and. sometimes omit the key words. The Glossary of Geographical Names was hardly worth including; people who need to be told where Crete and CyprUs are will not be likely to go for Albertus Magnus and the Capitulare de villis. The problem of reconstructing the likely vegetation of Italy in Virgil's time is a daunting task for the ecologist; we all know how rapidly a piece of woodland can change in a score of years, even without human interference. Miss Abbe's work is not without merit, but the carelessness of presentation detracts from our confidence in her. Η. H. Huxley. Appendix Vergiliana recognoverunt et adnotatione critica instruxerunt W.V. CLAUSEN, F.R.D. GOODYEAR, E.J. KENNEY, J.A. RICHMOND. Pp. vii + 185, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1966. 18s. net. The Appendix Vergiliana is a collection of poems of widely varying subject-matter and style which had the good fortune to be credited with Vergil as their author, and owe their survival chiefly if not entirely to the patronage of his name. The question of their authenticity has produced numberless tracts and treatises, but scholarly opinion is now almost unanimous in denying to Vergil the authorship of any of the poems, apart possibly from some of the Catalepton. Nevertheless the collection is a valuable and fascinating document of the kind of poetic activity which must have been going on around Vergil, diverse and experimental. In a very loose orier of literary interest the contents include: Hellenistic genre-pieces, vivacious (Copa, "Mistress of the Tavern ), or realistic (Moretum, The Salad"); the Catalepton, itself a collection of epigrams and lampoons, with a clever parody of Catullus; an epyllion, straight from the neoteric and Epicurean background which Vergil would have known well, on the crime and - 54- punishment of Scylla (Ciris, "The Sea-Fowl"); Culex, "The Gnat", describing a meritorious mosquito's journey through the underworld, was probably written by a heavy-handed well-wisher who did not want Vergil to lack juvenilia; the splendid Priapean poem Quid hoc novi est? , a welcome refugee from the Corpus Tibullianum, into whose chivalrous company it sometimes obscenely intruded; a strange pair of poems (Dirae, Curses , and Lydia), in which a poet, dispossessed (like the young Vergil) of his land, curses it and its future tenants, and says farewell to his mistress; the Aetna, a didactic poem on volcanic activity, insistently scientific and sadly unpoetic; two elegies (In Maecenatem) apparently designed to defend the great patron's posthumous reputation; finally three curiosities usually printed with Ausonius, on Stoic self-examination (De Institutione Viri Boni), on the havoc caused by Yes and No (De Est et Non), and on the blossoming and withering of roses (De Rosis Nascentibus). Robinson Ellis's old Oxford Text, which did not include Aetna, Quid hoc no’ri est? or De Rosis Nascentibus, was reprinted in 1954 with the addition of the Ancient Lives of Vergil, edited by Colin Hardie; the new Oxford Text does not contain the Lives, which from the point of view of convenience is a pity. The new OCT is however an undoubted improvement on Ellis’s edition and also on Friederich Vollmer's Teubner edition (Poetae Latini Minores I, reprinted 1935). Ellis's whimsical and confused liberalism contributed less in the long run to the Appendix than Vollmer's tenacious and respectful conservatism. The new OCT is edited by a consortium of four scholars based on Cambridge whose common characteristic is judicious discrimination: at tie best their labours have issued in a readable text which inspires confid­ ence, at the worst they have recovered the best unreadable jargon from the con fusion of the KBS; on the whole they conceive their duty as critical rather than corrective. Vollmer's edition certainly laid the foundations for the new OCT. His report of the IVES was painstakingly accurate and he established their relationships. The only important M3 to come to light since then (the Graz Fragment, publicised by Colin Hardie in the old OCT) allows itself to be affiliated to the family-tree without difficulty. But VoLlmer's undiscriminating respect for what the MSS told him often led him to print what is at the least very questionable Latin. The chief merit of the new OCT is that its editors weigh sense and Latinity with extreme care, and when they find them wanting take their stand on an obelus (such was Housman's advice, and Cambridge men can hardly do other than take it); they do not subscribe to the view that even minor Latin poets could write noasense. What constitutes possible Latin is not of course absolutely certain: Clausen is generous and admits the unparalleled expression tranandus agor (Cui. 260); Goodyear is stringent and posits a lacuna rather than accept a startling (but possible?) rarity (Ciris 135 f.) The IVES tradition in many places is almost desperately corrupt: time and again it seems to be on the verge of bearing sense, but generations of scholars have failed to deliver it (this is particularly true of the two longest poems, Ciris and Aetna, both edited by F.R.D. Goodyear, who shoulders the main burden of the whole volume). Part of the professed policy of the editors is to record successful or nearly successful conject­ ures which up to now have been ignored. Heinsius certainly gets his due, and so does Scaliger (deservedly in the Aetna); Clausen even finds room for one of Housman's jokes (Cul.371: "The walls of Libyan Carthage bristle - 55- wilh turnip-shoots"), but not, like Ellis, for his verse composition (Cul. 3Gy). The other side of the coin is the exclusion of equally worthy con­ jectures by scholars of less gigantic stature. Should not a place have been found for e.g. et fleta Ellis (Cul.140), extremam Hertzberg (Ciris 48 1), mussem Lindsay (Cat.13.6)? Very occasionally the members of the consortium seem a little too indulgent to each other's suggestion, e.g. Mor.56 uacabant or rigebant MSS, tenebant Goodyear; Mor.98 uestem MSS, lapidem Clausen, Repetitions of the type quamvis sint sub aqua, sub aqua maledicere temptant (Met.6,376) are a favourite with Ovid, and Housman restored many such to the text of Manilius the one Latin poet who excels evsn Ovid in verbal point and smartness ; Clausen admits such a repetition (proposed by Baehrens) at Cul.294, accepts his own suggestion for one at Cir_,266, and proposes yet another (with Kenney) which Goodyear accepts at Aetna 49. Ovidian elegance suddenly and surprisingly flashes out from the cuMbrous density of the Culex and the pedestrian tenor of tlie Aetna: if only the respective poets could be thought capable of it! Fortunately the collaborators did not succumb to a dull and homogeneous presentation, and the volume is lively with editorial individuality. Kenney includes in his apparatus interpretative comments, admirably succinct and infDrmative (a thoroughly good practice, which should be encouraged). Clausen's apparatus on the contrary is the most rigorously condensed and exclusive. Richmond appends a necessary summary of what he conceives to be the gist of Cat.2, and of what he conceives Westendorp Boerma to conceive to be the point of Cat.7. For Goodyear honesty is incarnate in the obelus; in the Aetna obeli are as thick as tombstones in a graveyard. One is gi-xteful for the rare occasions when the tradition is not so corrupt as to prevent him from taking a decision: at Aetna 617 especially, where we are sp-ired the ludicrous suggestion (accepted by Vollmer) that refugees from an erupting volcano included a thief impeded by his poems; and even at Aetna 113, where a water-nymph eating the ground with an everlasting file is no doubt preferable to one submerged in obelised mud. Finally two minor criticisms, of what is left unsaid. The poems are printed in the order given in the Murbach catalogue of the ninth century. The advantage of this arrangement is not revealed, but deserves to be, bt-vjause it has the obvious disadvantage of separating poems which have a similar MSS history.
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