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LATEST FRONTIERS of Hemodynamics, Imaging and Treatment of OBSTRUCTIVE VENOUS DISEASE

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LATEST FRONTIERS of Hemodynamics, Imaging and Treatment of OBSTRUCTIVE VENOUS DISEASE Alessia Giaquinta • Byung-Boong Lee • Carlo Setacci Pierfrancesco Veroux • Paolo Zamboni LATEST FRONTIERS of Hemodynamics, Imaging and Treatment of OBSTRUCTIVE VENOUS DISEASE With the collaboration of Massimiliano Veroux • Sonia Ronchey EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA 00_Romane.indd III 03/01/18 10:24 This book has been supported by an unrestricted educationl grant from ISBN: 978-88-7711-929-2 Th e publisher declares himself fully available to resolve any eventuality related to the reproduction of the cover image, for which the source was not found. © 2018 – EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA S.p.A. – Corso Bramante 83/85 – 10126 Torino www.minervamedica.it / e-mail: [email protected] All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means. 00_Romane.indd IV 03/01/18 10:24 Preface Th is new book, “Latest Frontiers of Hemo- high fi elds. Lastly, MRI can also be used to map dynamics, Imaging and Treatment of Obstruc- CSF fl ow and diff usion over time. All of these tive Venous Disease”, is a welcome addition to features help to promote a fundamental under- the literature espousing the importance of the standing of the role of the venous system. role of the venous system in human physiology Th is book is composed of two main parts. and the treatment of venous abnormalities. Th e Th e fi rst part contains the study and treatment many authors of this text are leaders in the fi eld of large veins. Vein anatomy and function are and provide a prescient outlook to both cur- presented as introductory concepts in Chapters rent and future technology. Th e International 1 to 4. Th ese fi rst four chapters provide the read- Society for Neurovascular Disease (ISNVD) er with the background required to appreciate recognizes the importance of the coupled vas- the fl ow and hemodynamics associated with the cular and cerebro-spinal fl uid (CSF) system in major veins in the body. Diff erent diseases and the brain and looks to new advances in these treatments are then covered in Chapters 5 to 22. areas. Th is book off ers the insight necessary to Th e second part focuses on venous outfl ow and help promote future developments in this area. its dysfunction in several diseases, such as multi- Th e last century focused predominantly on ple sclerosis and Meniere’s disease (Chapters 23 the importance of the arterial system and of to 28). Th is same group of chapters also discuss- the detection of obstruction and prevention of es the new condition of chronic cerebrospinal the delivery of oxygen to the tissue. However, venous insuffi ciency and brings the field up to the venous system plays multiple roles: 1) the date with new fi ndings from ongoing studies. delivery of the deoxygenated blood back to the Th ese fundamental advances are presented in heart; 2) an interface with the CSF via arach- terms of modern imaging methods including noid granulations, and 3) the role of carrying MRI, ultrasound, computed tomography, ple- out macromolecules delivered by the CSF that thysmography, and catheter venography. are transported through the venous endothe- In summary, over and above the current lium. Imaging, and in particular magnetic reso- modern treatments of venous disease discussed nance imaging (MRI), off ers the potential to in this book, the ability to quantify venous quantify the levels of oxygen in veins, and uses structure and function in a way that can impact the sensitivity of the MRI signal to the presence treatment is the main focus of this book, which of oxygenation and its changes to measure brain has been designed to provide the reader with a function. MRI can also monitor blood fl ow at a well-rounded and exciting outlook for the fu- very high resolution as a function of the cardiac ture of venous disease understanding and treat- cycle, and map out the entire venous system ment. down to the resolutions of 50 microns using E. Mark Haacke, Ph.D. V 00_Romane.indd V 03/01/18 10:24 Foreword Th e Editors have written a thorough great part as noted in the United States. Th is current review of diagnosis and management has changed in the past twenty-fi ve years with of the challenges associated with and multiple new eff orts through the American focusing on the large veins of the body. Th e Phebological Society and the American chapters cover a wide variety of subjects Venous Forum increasing and complimenting and the accompanying references off er the similar well-established activities in similar opportunity for further review and study. societies throughout the whole world. Th e accompanying graphic illustrations add Th e Vietnam Vascular Registry established additional information and clarifi cation to in 1966 at Walter Reed General Hospital the written material. Th e chapter titles allow in Washington, D.C., USA provided an rapid access to specifi c areas of interest in early emphasis on the repair of large veins, the venous system. Th e contributors are particularly in the lower extremities, rather established physicians and surgeons with than the traditionally accepted ligation. Th e extensive experience in managing problems statistics to support the absence of increased in the venous system including clinical thrombophlebitis and of pulmonary research. Th is is a most timely contribution embolism with long-term patency assured with increasing world-wide appreciation have resulted in an increased acceptance of of the importance of the venous system in this approach. maintaining good health. A study published in 2017 Journal of William Harvey, an Englishman who Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic studied in Italy at Padua University with Disorders from Johns Hopkins Hospital in Fabricius where he earned his Doctor of Baltimore, Maryland draws attention to the Medicine in 1602 taught us about circulation “perceived weakness in venous education in the seventeenth century emphasizing the in vascular surgery trainees” in the United important role of the venous system. His States. Th is book will contribute immensely classic book Motu Cordis was published in to educate the next generation of physicians 1628. Yet, and particularly in the twentieth and surgeons in the evaluation and treatment century, with the many exciting discoveries in of venous disorders. treating problems associated with the arterial system, the venous system was ignored in Norman M. Rich, MD, FACS VII 00_Romane.indd VII 03/01/18 10:24 Authors GLORIA ADAM JUDY S. BLEBEA Clinic of Cardiology and Angiology, Acibadem Department of Radiology, University of City Clinic, Sofi a, Bulgaria Oklahoma College of Medicine Oklahoma City, OK, USA GIUSEPPE ATTANASIO Head and Neck Department, Umberto I MATTEO BOSSI Polyclinc, Rome, Italy Vascular Surgery Unit, Vita-Salute University, San Raff aele Scientifi c Institute, Milan, Italy CLIVE B. BEGGS Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, ALDO BRUNO School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Vascular Surgery Division, GEPOS Hospital Leeds, UK Telese T., Benevento, Italy FILIPPO BENEDETTO SAGAR BUCH Department of Biomedical Sciences and Th e MRI Institute for Biomedical Research, Morphological and Functional Imaging, Detroit, MI, USA Policlinico G. Martino, University of Messina, Messina, Italy LUIGI CALIFANO Departmental Unit of Audiology and DOMENICO BENEVENTO Phoniatrics, A.O.G. Rummo (G. Rummo Vascular Surgery, Department of Medical Hospital Group), Benevento, Italy Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Italy ALESSANDRO CAPPELLANI Vascular Surgery and Organ Transplant Unit, BENDETTO BERNARDO Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Vascular Surgery Division, GEPOS Hospital Catania, Italy Telese T., Benevento, Italy PATRIZIO CASTELLI ROBERTO BERTINI Vascular Surgery, Department of Medicine and Urology Department, Vita-Salute University, San Surgery, Circolo University Teaching Hospital, Raff aele Scientifi c Institute, Milan, Italy University of Insubria School of Medicine, Varese, Italy JOHN BLEBEA Department of Surgery, Central Michigan PIER PAOLO CAVAZZUTI University College of Medicine, Saginaw, MI, ENT Department, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, USA Italy IX 00_Romane.indd IX 03/01/18 10:24 AUTHORS YONGSHENG CHEN SERGIO GIANESINI Th e MRI Institute for Biomedical Research, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Detroit, MI, USA Experimental Medicine and Vascular Diseases Center, University of Ferrara, Italy; Unit of ROBERTO CHIESA Translational Surgery and Vascular Diseases Vascular Surgery Unit, Vita-Salute University, Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di San Raff aele Scientifi c Institute, Milan, Italy Ferrara, Italy EFREM CIVILINI ALESSIA GIAQUINTA Vascular Surgery Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Vascular Surgery and Organ Transplant Unit, Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Catania, Italy GIUSEPPE D’ARRIGO Vascular Surgery and Organ Transplant Unit, VINCENZO GIUGLIANO Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Neuro Radiology Department, Gepos Hospital Catania, Italy Telese T., Benevento, Italy MICHAEL D. DAKE PETER GLOVICZKI Stanford University School of Medicine, Joe M. and Ruth Roberts Professor of Surgery Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Falk and Chair, Emeritus, Division of Vascular and Cardiovascular Research Center, Stanford, CA, Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA MN, USA GIANMARCO DE DONATO ALESSANDRO GRANDI Vascular Surgery, Department of Medical Vascular Surgery Unit, Vita-Salute University, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University
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