The Osgoode Brief (Fall 2014)
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COURT JUSTICES, 1985-2013 Jean-Christophe Bédard-Rubin
Paper prepared for the 2018 CPSA Annual Conference – Please do not cite nor circulate without permission HOW MUCH FRENCH DO THEY SPEAK ANYWAY? A BILINGUALISM INDEX FOR SUPREME COURT JUSTICES, 1985-2013 Jean-Christophe Bédard-Rubin & Tiago Rubin Draft paper prepared for the CPSA 2018 Annual Conference. Please do not cite nor circulate without permission. Mandatory bilingualism for Supreme Court judges tantalizes Canadian politics for at least ten years now. The advocates of judicial bilingualism have repeatedly tried (and failed) to enshrine into law the requirement for Supreme Court justices to be functionally bilingual, i.e. the ability to “read materials and understand oral argument without the need for translation or interpretation in French and English”. For them, integrating mandatory bilingualism as a legislative requirement in the appointment process is a panacea. Their opponents argue that language proficiency in French should not be a sine qua non condition for Supreme Court justiceship and that requiring it would prevent excellent candidates from being appointed. However, despite the fact that empirical statements abound on both sides, there is very little empirical evidence regarding the actual impact of unilingualism and bilingualism on Canadian judicial institutions and simply no evidence whatsoever about its impact on individual judges’ behavior. Building on our ongoing research on judicial bilingualism, in this paper we try to evaluate the level of bilingualism of individual justices. What our findings suggest is that the behavior of Francophone and Anglophone bilinguals is influenced by the linguistic competency of their colleagues. Our findings also suggest that some Anglophone justices that are deemed to be bilinguals do not behave very differently from their unilingual colleagues. -
Court of Appeal for Ontario
COURT OF APPEAL FOR ONTARIO CITATION: Reference re Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act, 2019 ONCA 544 DATE: 20190628 DOCKET: C65807 Strathy C.J.O., Hoy A.C.J.O., MacPherson, Sharpe and Huscroft JJ.A. IN THE MATTER OF A REFERENCE to the Court of Appeal pursuant to section 8 of the Courts of Justice Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. C.34, by Order-in-Council 1014/2018 respecting the constitutionality of the Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act, Part 5 of the Budget Implementation Act, 2018, No. 1, S.C. 2018, c. 12 Josh Hunter, Padraic Ryan and Thomas Lipton, for the Attorney General of Ontario Sharlene Telles-Langdon, Christine Mohr, Mary Matthews and Neil Goodridge, for the Attorney General of Canada William E. Gould, for the intervener Attorney General of New Brunswick J. Gareth Morley, for the intervener Attorney General of British Columbia P. Mitch McAdam, Q.C. and Alan Jacobson, for the intervener Attorney General of Saskatchewan Stuart Wuttke and Adam S.R. Williamson, for the intervener Assembly of First Nations Amir Attaran, for the intervener Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation Stewart Elgie, for the intervener Canada’s Ecofiscal Commission Joseph F. Castrilli and Richard D. Lindgren, for the interveners Canadian Environmental Law Association, Environmental Defence, and Sisters of Providence of St. Vincent de Paul Jennifer King, Michael Finley and Liane Langstaff, for the intervener Canadian Public Health Association R. Bruce E. Hallsor, Q.C., Christine Van Geyn and Aaron Wudrick, for the intervener Canadian Taxpayers Federation David Robitaille, -
A Rare View Into 1980S Top Court
A rare view into 1980s top court New book reveals frustrations, divisions among the judges on the Supreme Court By KIRK MAKIN JUSTICE REPORTER Thursday, December 4, 2003- Page A11 An unprecedented trove of memos by Supreme Court of Canada judges in the late 1980s reveals a highly pressured environment in which the court's first female judge threatened to quit while another judge was forced out after plunging into a state of depression. The internal memos -- quoted in a new book about former chief justice Brian Dickson -- provide a rare view into the inner workings of the country's top court, which showed itself to be badly divided at the time. The book portrays a weary bench, buried under a growing pile of complex cases and desperately worried about its eroding credibility. One faction complained bitterly about their colleagues' dithering and failure to come to grips with their responsibilities, according to memos seen for the first time by the authors of Brian Dickson: A Judge's Journey. The authors -- Mr. Justice Robert Sharpe of the Ontario Court of Appeal and University of Toronto law professor Kent Roach -- also interviewed many former judges and ex-clerks privy to the inner workings of the court at arguably the lowest point in its history. "The court was struggling with very difficult issues under very difficult circumstances at the time," Prof. Roach said yesterday. "It was a court that had an incredible amount on its plate and, in retrospect, we were well served by that court." The chief agitators were Mr. Justice Antonio Lamer and Madam Justice Bertha Wilson. -
Truth Commissions and Public Inquiries: Addressing Historical Injustices in Established Democracies
TRUTH COMMISSIONS AND PUBLIC INQUIRIES: ADDRESSING HISTORICAL INJUSTICES IN ESTABLISHED DEMOCRACIES by Kim Pamela Stanton A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Juridical Science Faculty of Law University of Toronto © Copyright by Kim Pamela Stanton 2010 Truth Commissions and Public Inquiries: Addressing Historical Injustices in Established Democracies Doctor of Juridical Science Kim Pamela Stanton Faculty of Law University of Toronto 2010 ABSTRACT In recent decades, the truth commission has become a mechanism used by states to address historical injustices. However, truth commissions are rarely used in established democracies, where the commission of inquiry model is favoured. I argue that established democracies may be more amenable to addressing historical injustices that continue to divide their populations if they see the truth commission mechanism not as a unique mechanism particular to the transitional justice setting, but as a specialized form of a familiar mechanism, the commission of inquiry. In this framework, truth commissions are distinguished from other commissions of inquiry by their symbolic acknowledgement of historical injustices, and their explicit “social function” to educate the public about those injustices in order to prevent their recurrence. Given that Canada has established a Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) on the Indian Residential Schools legacy, I consider the TRC’s mandate, structure and ability to fulfill its social function, particularly the daunting challenge of engaging the non-indigenous public in its work. I also provide a legal history of a landmark Canadian public inquiry, the Mackenzie Valley Pipeline Inquiry, run by Tom Berger. As his Inquiry demonstrated, with visionary leadership and ii an effective process, a public inquiry can be a pedagogical tool that promotes social accountability for historical injustices. -
Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction Du Branch Patrimoine De I'edition
"THE CHEMOPHILIC SOCIETY": ADDICTION RESEARCH AFTER THE CLASSIC PERIOD OF NARCOTIC CONTROL, 1957-1975 A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Guelph by YVAN CRAIG PRKACHIN In Partial Fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Master of Arts April, 2008 © Yvan Craig Prkachin, 2008 Library and Bibliotheque et 1*1 Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-41860-4 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-41860-4 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par Plntemet, prefer, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans loan, distribute and sell theses le monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non sur support microforme, papier, electronique commercial purposes, in microform, et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. this thesis. Neither the thesis Ni la these ni des extraits substantiels de nor substantial extracts from it celle-ci ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement may be printed or otherwise reproduits sans son autorisation. -
Historical Portraits Book
HH Beechwood is proud to be The National Cemetery of Canada and a National Historic Site Life Celebrations ♦ Memorial Services ♦ Funerals ♦ Catered Receptions ♦ Cremations ♦ Urn & Casket Burials ♦ Monuments Beechwood operates on a not-for-profit basis and is not publicly funded. It is unique within the Ottawa community. In choosing Beechwood, many people take comfort in knowing that all funds are used for the maintenance, en- hancement and preservation of this National Historic Site. www.beechwoodottawa.ca 2017- v6 Published by Beechwood, Funeral, Cemetery & Cremation Services Ottawa, ON For all information requests please contact Beechwood, Funeral, Cemetery and Cremation Services 280 Beechwood Avenue, Ottawa ON K1L8A6 24 HOUR ASSISTANCE 613-741-9530 • Toll Free 866-990-9530 • FAX 613-741-8584 [email protected] The contents of this book may be used with the written permission of Beechwood, Funeral, Cemetery & Cremation Services www.beechwoodottawa.ca Owned by The Beechwood Cemetery Foundation and operated by The Beechwood Cemetery Company eechwood, established in 1873, is recognized as one of the most beautiful and historic cemeteries in Canada. It is the final resting place for over 75,000 Canadians from all walks of life, including im- portant politicians such as Governor General Ramon Hnatyshyn and Prime Minister Sir Robert Bor- den, Canadian Forces Veterans, War Dead, RCMP members and everyday Canadian heroes: our families and our loved ones. In late 1980s, Beechwood began producing a small booklet containing brief profiles for several dozen of the more significant and well-known individuals buried here. Since then, the cemetery has grown in national significance and importance, first by becoming the home of the National Military Cemetery of the Canadian Forces in 2001, being recognized as a National Historic Site in 2002 and finally by becoming the home of the RCMP National Memorial Cemetery in 2004. -
“Teenage Kicks:” Youth, Social Class, and Hierarchies of Taste In
“TEENAGE KICKS:” YOUTH, SOCIAL CLASS, AND HIERARCHIES OF TASTE IN CANADA’S NEW DRUG SCENE, 1961-1975 by Robert Samuel Fenn B.A., The University of British Columbia, 2011 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE AND POSTDOCTORAL STUDIES (History) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (VANCOUVER) October 2015 © Robert Samuel Fenn, 2015 Abstract This thesis explores the political discourse around the increased use of illicit substances in Canada from 1961 to 1975. In particular, marijuana had been criminalized—along with opium— as a part of a broader move to penalize unwanted Asian workers. At the time, lawmakers could not anticipate that their laws would also fall on a new wave of predominantly affluent and white drug users. When judges began to find more and more middle class young people in their courtrooms, the country found itself in crisis. Using Pierre Bourdieu’s theories of habitus, social class and symbolic violence, this paper argues that affluent marijuana smokers seriously challenged the logic of Canada’s laws by occupying new psychoactive terrain, while simultaneously, establishing a new hierarchy of taste and consumption that disadvantaged other less privileged drug users. ii Preface This thesis is original, unpublished, independent work by the author, Robert Samuel Fenn. iii Table of Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... ii Preface........................................................................................................................................... -
Labouring Outside the Charter
Osgoode Hall Law Journal Volume 29 Issue 4 Volume 29, Number 4 (Winter 1991) Article 6 10-1-1991 Labouring Outside the Charter David M. Beatty Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/ohlj Part of the Labor and Employment Law Commons Article This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License. Citation Information Beatty, David M.. "Labouring Outside the Charter." Osgoode Hall Law Journal 29.4 (1991) : 839-862. https://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/ohlj/vol29/iss4/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Osgoode Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Osgoode Hall Law Journal by an authorized editor of Osgoode Digital Commons. Labouring Outside the Charter Abstract In this essay, Professor Beatty reviews the leading Charter cases decided by the Supreme Court of Canada which consider the constitutionality of a variety of different labour laws. In reasoning and result, he finds that by and large these cases provide strong support for those legal scholars who are generally sceptical of the law and critical of the courts and who predicted that, even with the Charter, it was unlikely the Court would change the antipathy judges have historically displayed to the interests of workers and their associations. However, while these legal theorists may draw some comfort from these decisions in confirming their powers of prognostication, Professor Beatty concludes that the workers who were adversely affected by them can take little solace in being left out in the cold. -
The Law Society of Upper Canada Archives by ROY SHAEFFER in September 1983
NOTES AND COMMUNICATIONS 31 1 similar programmes are being carried out elsewhere. For these reasons, then, we consider ourselves to be an Ontario-based organization which has some national interests, but we do not pretend to be equipped to involve ourselves in matters that are best handled in other regions. The Society welcomes suggestions, comments, and advice on all aspects of our work. Membership is open to all interested parties and our Annual Report is available on request: The Osgoode Society, Osgoode Hall, 130 Queen Street West, Toronto, Ontario M5H 2N6. The Law Society of Upper Canada Archives by ROY SHAEFFER In September 1983. the Law Society of Upper Canada formally established an archives programme at its offices in Osgoode Hall, Toronto. The programme, which includes a records management component, is dedicated to meeting certain of the information needs of the organization and preserving one significant element of the documentary heritage of the legal profession. It reflects a growing awareness in the profession of its history and traditions and the central role it has occupied in the social and economic development of Canada. Founded in 1797, the Law Society is the governing body of the legal profession in Ontario and the oldest organization of its kind in North America. Among its duties remain the initial ones of education in the law, admissions to the bar, the establishment of rules, and the maintenance of high standards of professional conduct. However, the responsibilities of the Society have grown with the profession and now extend to insurance, active public information services, and the administration of the Ontario Legal Aid Plan. -
Legalprofession00ridduoft.Pdf
W^Tv -^ssgasss JSoK . v^^B v ^ Is THE LEGAL PROFESSION IN UPPER CANADA IX ITS EARLY PERIODS. BY / WILLIAM RENWICK RIDDELL, LL.D., FELLOW ROYAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY, ETC., JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT OF ONTARIO. l HOLD EVERY MAN A DEBTOR TO HIS PROFESSION." BACON, "THE ELEMENTS OF THE COMMON LAW," PREFACE. c 3 R 13456 TORONTO, PUBLISHED BY THE LAW SOCIETY OF UPPER CANADA, 1916. NORTH YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY MAIN Copyright, Canada, by THE LAW SOCIETY OF UPPER CANADA. DEDICATION. THIS VOLUME IS DEDICATED TO THE MEMORY OF SIR ^EMILIUS IRVING, K.C., AND GEORGE FERGUSSON SHEPLEY, ESQ., K.C., SOMETIME TREASURERS OF THE LAW SOCIETY OF UPPER CANADA DULCE DECUS MEUM IN TOKEN OF GRATEFUL RECOGNITION OF THEIR UNVARYING COURTESY AND KINDLY CONSIDERATION, BY THEIR FORMER COLLEAGUE AND FELLOW-BENCHER, THE AUTHOR. OSGOODE HALI,, TORONTO, JANUARY 18TH., 1916. PREFACE. This work is the result of very many hours of dili gent and at the same time pleasant research. To one who loves and is proud of his profession there is nothing more interesting than its history; and the history of the legal profession in this Province Upper Canada or Ontario yields in interest to that of no other. It is my hope that the attention of others may be drawn to our past by these pages, and that others may be induced to add to our knowledge of the men and times of old. I am wholly responsible for everything in this book (proof-reading included) except where otherwise spe stated and shall be to be informed of cifically ; glad any error which may have crept in. -
Equitable Jurisdiction and the Court of Chancery in Upper Canada Elizabeth Brown
Osgoode Hall Law Journal Article 5 Volume 21, Number 2 (September 1983) Equitable Jurisdiction and the Court of Chancery in Upper Canada Elizabeth Brown Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/ohlj Article Citation Information Brown, Elizabeth. "Equitable Jurisdiction and the Court of Chancery in Upper Canada." Osgoode Hall Law Journal 21.2 (1983) : 275-314. http://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/ohlj/vol21/iss2/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Osgoode Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Osgoode Hall Law Journal by an authorized editor of Osgoode Digital Commons. EQUITABLE JURISDICTION AND THE COURT OF CHANCERY IN UPPER CANADA By ELIZABETH BROWN* The courts of common law and equity in Ontario were fused to create one Supreme Court of Judicature in 1881. In this new court, equity prevailed over common law and the procedure adopted drew more from Chancery than from common law practice. Earlier in the century, this triumph of equity would have been predicted by very few. Although the need for equity to complement the common law had always been recognized, the traditional administration of a separate court of Chancery was unpopular. Therefore, the introduction of equity into the province had been delayed for many years, despite the harsh legal consequences this entailed. In 1837, a court of Chancery was established, but as John Spragge, later Chancellor of Upper Canada, noted "[I]t was from no love of a Court of Chancery that it was introduced, but in spite of many and strong prejudices." IThese prejudices were understandable. -
Nothing “Improper” Happened: Sex, Marriage, and Colonial Identity in Upper Canada, 1783-1850
NOTHING “IMPROPER” HAPPENED: SEX, MARRIAGE, AND COLONIAL IDENTITY IN UPPER CANADA, 1783-1850 by Robin Christine Grazley A thesis submitted to the Department of History in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Queen’s University Kingston, Ontario, Canada June, 2010 Copyright © Robin Christine Grazley, 2010 Abstract This study explores the importance of heterosexual relationships, in theory and practice, to the making of Upper Canada as a British colonial society. Between 1783, when settlers began to enter the territory in the wake of the American Revolutionary War, and 1850, when the transition toward a more powerful colonial state was underway, contests surrounding marriage, gender, and sexuality were of great significance. The colony was intended by its first and many of its subsequent Lieutenant-Governors to serve as a model of loyalty to the British Empire and a bulwark against American democratic “disorder.” Fundamental to this colonial project was the presence of an orderly body of white settlers; however, this aim was often complicated and undermined by a diverse settler population which refused to conform to middle-class mores and social norms. Marriage and sexual “morality,” significant aspects of assessing “race” and “civilization” in this period, were primary sites for these tensions. This study reenvisions appropriate and inappropriate heterosexual behaviour in the colony and explores the importance of debates over marriage and sexuality to articulations of settler identity. Using private writings, travel literature, and judicial records, including the benchbooks of the colony’s judges, I examine the ways the formation and dissolution of intimate relationships were contested between individual colonists, in local politics, and in international discourse about the British empire and the value of its colonies of settlement.