Harvard’s 1912 squared off at Fenway against the Boston baseball team. Braves, Princeton, and Yale in the 1910s Wingate (front at left, holding cap) and 1920s, and during the past two de- was Fenway’s first cades has played there regularly during the batter. Baseball Beanpot. (The men’s ice hockey team has played at Boston’s baseball cathe- to two runs when dral as well, skating there against Union giving passes at the College in January.) rate of two an in- More recently, the Red Sox have regu- ning. Felton kept larly started their spring-training sched- the Red Sox hits ule by playing against Boston College well scattered and and Northeastern. Perhaps it’s time for a twice retired the rematch with Harvard as well. And this side when the bases year the Red Sox are planning a range of were full.” celebrations for Fenway Park’s centennial, Fenway Park’s a milestone no other major league park has inaugural game was reached. There, on April 9, an event will not the only time commemorate the historic game with Har- first run. In the fifth, the Red Sox starter a Harvard nine has taken to its turf. The vard played a century ago. struck another RBI single to give his team Crimson played exhibitions against the v christopher klein a 2-0 lead. Meanwhile, the Crimson’s bats Red Sox in 1913 and 1916, when they actu- stayed as cold as the weather, giving the ally defeated the reigning world champi- Christopher Klein is a freelance writer and the Harvard fans few opportunities to remove ons 1-0. In 1943 the Sox took revenge, shel- author of The Die-Hard Sports Fan’s Guide their hands from their coat pockets (ex- lacking Harvard 21-0. The Crimson also to Boston (Union Park Press). cept possibly to take surreptitious nips from flasks buried inside). Harvard finally got to Hageman in the alumni fifth when captain Robert Potter, A.B. 1912, struck a well-placed single between short and third, but that would be the team’s only base hit of the afternoon. The A Green Empire closest the Crimson came to scoring oc- curred in the sixth when the centerfielder was cut down at the plate attempting to How Anthony Malkin ’84 engineered the largest “green” retrofit ever reach home on a double steal. By then, dusk was settling in, and the mud-caked ball became more difficult hen it opened in 1931, People tend to focus on vehicle emis- for fielders to pick up through the snow- the Empire State Building sions as a principal source of the heat-trap- flakes. Fans were beginning to leave, and was not only the biggest ping carbon dioxide that propels global Hageman had the Harvard boys at his building in the world, it warming. But building operations actually complete mercy as well. After the Crim- Wwas—with the tallest elevators ever cre- account for a much greater share of carbon son were retired in the seventh, Stahl sig- ated—an exemplar of the mechanical age. emissions—about 40 percent—and are naled the umpire, and the game was called But recently, the landmark had begun to therefore the single most important con- on account of the freezing temperatures, show its years. In 2006, the Malkin family, tributor to climate change. And buildings, with the Red Sox besting their Cambridge signficant owners who are responsible for unlike vehicles, are also an enduring capital guests 2-0. the building’s day-to-day operations, faced investment. Tony Malkin points out that Against a professional team destined a decision: as Anthony Malkin ’84 put it three decades from now, approximately for a World Series victory that fall, Har- to his father, Peter Malkin ’55, J.D. ’58, they 80 percent of current structures will still vard made a respectable showing in its could either sell the iconic structure or take be in use. “If you want to turn back carbon first game of the year, particularly given on massive infrastructure upgrades likely to emissions,” he says, “you have to deal with Sam Felton’s erratic performance. In five cost half a billion dollars or more. After se- existing buildings.” innings, the Crimson starter walked 10 curing the agreement of the Leona Helmsley Beyond an undertaking that he hoped men but, remarkably, allowed only two estate (which shares control of the build- would be both environmentally and eco- runs as Boston managed just four singles ing’s operating lease with the Malkins), they nomically sound for his own building, and stranded 12 base runners. “It was an decided to take the riskier course and pur- Malkin aspired to something much larger: extraordinary game in this respect,” the sue a turnaround of the asset while simul- creating a reproducible, scalable process Harvard Crimson reported the next day, “for taneously making the building an energy- for energy-efficiency retrofits that could rarely does a pitcher hold his opponents efficient exemplar of the green age. be adopted worldwide in other big build-

Photograph courtesy of theReprinted Harvard University from Archives Harvard Magazine. For more information,Harvard please Magazine contact 63 Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746. John Harvard's Journal ings, in hospitals, and on campuses. “If we Holdings’ total square footage in the city. tegrated engineering ap- could put all the best minds together on Initially, in fact, he offered to retrofit a proach, getting paid only this particular task,” he reasoned, “it could property at 1333 Broadway, but Magaziner for their other work. Visit harvardmag.com/ fulfill all of my objectives in life, ranging demurred: “If we succeed at 1333 Broad- Most important, they extras for videos of Malkin discussing the from making money to making the world a way,” Malkin recalls him saying, “no one’s agreed when Malkin told Empire State Building better place.” It was a green synergy. going to give a damn. We want the Empire them they would have retrofit. In 2007, meanwhile, New York City State Building.” first-mover advantage in began discussing legislation designed To make that work, Malkin brokered a the marketplace, but “we don’t patent this to drive down energy costs by reduc- nearly risk-free deal for himself: if the extra process…we want everybody to copy this. ing waste. (Mayor Michael Bloomberg, money he spent on the energy retrofits was If we succeed at the Empire State Building M.B.A. ’66, ratified four such laws in not recouped in three years, the engineer- alone, we have failed.” December 2009.) One statute requires ing firm that projected the savings would The team quickly got to work. In the that every building of more than 50,000 have to pay him the difference. With CCI’s course of 12 months, of the nearly 70 ener- square feet must make public how much help, he assembled a team for the proj- gy-saving measures considered, just eight energy it uses per square foot. In that ect in 2008: the engineering firm Johnson were chosen. Among those, “the biggest context, Malkin calculated that his busi- Controls; property manager Jones Lang energy-savings contribution is 9 percent, ness objective—to replace the hundreds LaSalle, which wrote the guidelines for the smallest is 2 percent, and the other six of tenants in his 2.85 million-square-foot outfitting tenant spaces; and the nonprofit are between 6 percent and 3 percent of the skyscraper with fewer, larger businesses Rocky Mountain Institute (co-founded by total benefit,” reports Malkin. But these that would occupy whole floors (new Amory Lovins ’68), a “think and do tank” small numbers add up to one big number: tenants now include Skanska, LinkedIn, that promotes sustainable use of resources. a total anticipated reduction in energy use and even the Federal Deposit Insurance Malkin persuaded each of them to work as of 38.4 percent—a remarkable benchmark Corporation)—would benefit from a partners—and in secret, in case the effort that he says will make the project “the green rebranding that would also appeal failed. They also agreed to forgo payment most energy-efficient building retrofit in to brokers. “I am a capitalist,” he says for the legwork involved in devising the in- the world.” forthrightly. “I wanted to Perhaps even more sur- make money. This is not Anthony Malkin ’84 has prising is how relatively charity; that’s separate.” transformed the Empire little the added energy- When he got a call State Building into a model efficiency measures cost— from the mayor asking of “green” engineering. about $13 million. “But we if he would light up the spent $93 million differently Empire State Building in than we had planned to green in honor of an event spend it,” Malkin reports. co-sponsored by the “The point is, by building Clinton Climate Initia- the measures in…you just tive (CCI), Malkin said, spend that $93 million more “Sure—if I can attend the intelligently.” event.” There, by chance, Take the decision to up- he ran into Jamie Russell grade all 6,514 windows. ’97 (the younger brother When the project team of his College roommate, priced the cost for up- Andrew ’84, now duke grading, they found that of Bedford), then work- the payback time for that ing for CCI, and CCI $4-million expenditure was head Ira Magaziner. They 10 years, double what was eventually persuaded him acceptable. But one of Mal- to push beyond simple kin’s priorities was to se- “green” rebranding and cure full-floor tenants, and instead to undertake a the removal of many small potentially risky “deep offices meant that previ- energy retrofit” intended ously unheated and unven- to result in energy sav- tilated hallway space near ings exceeding 10 per- the elevators and staircases cent. This was a leap for at the building’s core was Malkin: the structure recaptured. That meant was his largest single real- the leasable square footage estate asset, representing would increase—but the almost a third of Malkin recovered space would add

. For more information, please contact 64 March -Reprinted April 2012 from Harvard Magazine Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746. to the building’s cooling and heating load, the retrofit has also led to “an requiring the purchase and installation of improvement on the top line,” he a new chiller to meet the building’s cool- reports. Where the average rent in ing needs, at a cost of $27 million. The en- 2006 was $26.50 a square foot, “We’re gineers quickly realized that the extra load now signing new leases averaging from the additional square footage was from the high $40s to the low $60s with equivalent to the load reduction that would better-credit-quality tenants.” be realized if the windows were upgraded. He appreciates that the signifi- The integrated payback was 3.3 years, not 10 cance of the project extends beyond years. (For more information on energy- his own bottom line. (For years he saving techniques used, see “Green Engi- and his wife, Rachelle Belfer Malkin, neering,” below.) have been involved with environ- Malkin says the most important les­ mental causes, including the Natural son learned is that “energy efficiency is Resources Defense Council.) For one More than 3.5 million observatory not something you add, it’s something you thing, he says, retrofits create local jobs. visitors yearly learn about the benefits build in.” The savings from all the measures “If you install wind or solar energy,” he of energy-efficient retrofits to buildings. adopted at the Empire State Build­ing now asserts, “60 percent to 70 percent of the vestments in building retrofits that em- total $4.4 million annually. The additional money involved goes overseas” because phasize load reduction and energy effi- $13 million spent, in other words, will be such projects require expensive foreign ciency and have the advantage of keeping recovered in just three years. Moreover, components. He envisions massive in- American dollars and jobs at home. Be-

natural light is sufficient.” All these measures were incorpo- Green Engineering rated into the retrofit, along with tenant guidelines that result in energy-efficient outfitting of newly leased office space. “Feel that?” asks engineer Paul Rode, straining to open a Awareness is the third, and continuing, contributor to in- steel door to a stairwell on the sixtieth floor of the Empire State creasing efficiency. Everyone in the Empire State Building, from Building. “That’s a seven-and-a-half-mile-an-hour wind.” The occupants to operators, now knows how much energy they are steady blow is caused by the stack effect, the natural tendency using per square foot, how that compares to the energy used by of a building to act like a giant chimney, creating a draft that other people doing similar work in similar circumstances, and draws air upward. “We installed automatic dampers to control what steps they could take for optimal efficiency. Information the airflow, so that the building is ventilated” naturally, explains is based on software calculations; the building’s operations staff Rode, of Johnson Controls, which oversaw engineering for the gets daily reports on energy use so they can make any adjust- recent retrofit of the iconic skyscraper. ments needed to have an immediate effect. “Over time,” Rode Opened and closed mechanically, dampers modulate the air- says, “these signals can get people to change their habits.” flow of the entire building depending on outdoor temperatures. For the Empire State retrofit, Johnson Controls considered That enabled removal of electric-powered fans that did the not only all these logical steps, but every other upgrade the same thing. But the key to making a building energy efficient, he combined project team could think of, many of which never emphasizes, is not the specific retrofits chosen, but rather taking saw the light of day. An egg-beater-like wind turbine on the the right steps in the right order. Rode calls it “design priority,” building’s spire that might have generated power was rejected, and says it is true for every building. for example, because of the impact on the skyline relative to The first step is load reduction: reducing a building’s energy the small amount of electricity (25 kilowatt hours—enough to consumption. “You [do it] the same way you would at home,” he power a typical home) it would have produced. Solar panels on explains: “insulation, better windows, caulking in the joints.” Turn- the building’s setback roofs were deemed too costly, and cap- ing lights off when you have plenty of sunlight is another method. turing rainwater for use in toilets proved uneconomical because At the Empire State Building, dropped ceilings were removed so water is relatively cheap in Manhattan. more sunlight could reach the core office spaces, reducing the The idea was to create “a list of projects that would result need for artificial lighting. Every desk now has a window in view. in the theoretical minimum energy use of the building,” Rode Straightening pipes is another load-reducing strategy, as is installing explains. “That concept is important, because until this job, radiative barriers behind steam heaters so that heat is reflected people have approached energy projects in buildings from the into the building rather than out through the exterior wall. Such perspective of how much they can drive energy use down: 5 measures, Rode explains, mean “your power plant doesn’t have to percent savings, 10 percent savings.” By starting instead with supply as much energy that gets dissipated along the way.” the minimum energy use and then letting “economic constraints Next comes a focus on energy efficiency—the “classic area and business constraints push that bar up, I have a much more everyone gets stuck on and likes to talk about,” he says: “more rational design process. I know how much money I have to in- efficient heaters and pumps and lights and air conditioning and vest. I know what the endpoint is. And I very quickly understand LCD monitors, and offices with sensors that dim the lights when when I reach that point.”

Photographs by Robert AdamReprinted Mayer from Harvard Magazine. For more information,Harvard please Magazine contact 65 Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746. John Harvard's Journal yond the cost savings of reduced energy Meanwhile, the Empire All 6,514 windows in the consumption, he says, retrofits represent Empire State Building State process is being repli- were upgraded. Injecting “capital-cost avoidance”—money other- cated in cities from Los Ange- insulating gases between wise expended to develop new sources les to Melbourne, and Malkin the panes and adding a of energy—“because a watt saved is so is telling his story around the heat-reflective film layer made them four times much less expensive through this process world, from Chicago to Lon- as efficient. than a watt generated by solar or wind.” don to Beijing, as he hoped. He has taken this message to Congress, (At home, the Port Authority to make more money— addressing the joint Senate and House of New York and New Jersey and result in a more ef- economic committee, as well as the staffs is redoing several buildings fective deployment of of the Senate’s energy and natural re- this way.) Businesses need capital?” Creating bike sources, finance, and ways and means economic incentives to be parking “is nice,” but committees. “We’re also doing a brain- green, he says—and they need “‘energy efficiency’ is storming session with the Environmental to answer a simple question: “What are what’s going to change the world.” Protection Agency,” he reports. the right things you can do that are going vjonathan shaw

Vote Now Santa Fe, California. Partner, Venrock. and senior vice president, Capital Re- This spring, alumni vote for five new Har- Kathryn A. Taylor ’80, San Francisco. search Company. vard Overseers and six new elected direc- Co-chair, One PacificCoast Bank Board of Sabrina Fung ’93, Hong Kong. Execu- tors of the Harvard Alumni Association Directors. tive director and brand managing director, (HAA). Ballots, mailed by April 1, must be Trinity Ltd. received back in Cambridge by noon on For elected director (three-year term): Susanna Shore Le Boutillier ’86, Larch- May 18 to be counted. The results are an- John F. Bowman ’80, M.B.A. ’85, Santa mont, New York. Director, corporate com- nounced at the HAA’s annual meeting on Monica. Executive producer, Disney Com- munications, Colgate-Palmolive Co. the afternoon of Commencement day, May pany. E. Scott Mead ’77, London. Fine-art 24. All Harvard degree-holders except Cor- Yvonne E. Campos, J.D. ’88. San Diego. photographer and financial adviser. poration members and officers of instruc- Superior Court Judge, State of California. Brian Melendez ’86, J.D. ’90, M.T.S. ’91, tion and government, may vote for Overseer John H. Jackson, Ed.M. ’98, Ed.D. ’01, Minneapolis. Partner, Faegre Baker Dan- candidates. The election for HAA directors Cambridge. President and CEO, The iels LLP. is open to all Harvard degree-holders. Schott Foundation for Public Education. Loulan J. Pitre Jr. ’83, J.D. ’86, New Or- Michael T. Kerr ’81, M.B.A. ’85, Canyon leans. Attorney, Gordon, Arata, McCollam, For Overseer (six-year term): Country, California. Portfolio counselor Duplantis & Eagan, LLC. Scott A. Abell ’72, Bos- ton. Retired chair and CEO, Abell & Associates Inc. A Special Notice Regarding Commencement Exercises James E. Johnson ’83, Thursday, May 24, 2012 J.D. ’86, Montclair, New Morning Exercises Jersey. Partner, Debevoise To accommodate the increasing number of those wishing to attend Harvard’s Commencement Exercises, the follow- & Plimpton LLP. ing guidelines are proposed to facilitate admission into Tercentenary Theatre on Commencement Morning: Michael M. Lynton ’82, • Degree candidates will receive a limited number of tickets to Commencement. Parents and guests of degree candi- M.B.A. ’87, Los Angeles. dates must have tickets, which they will be required to show at the gates in order to enter Tercentenary Theatre. Seating Chairman and CEO, Sony capacity is limited, however there is standing room on the Widener steps and at the rear and sides of the Theatre for view- Pictures Entertainment. ing the exercises. Tracy P. Palandjian ’93, Note: A ticket allows admission into the Theatre, but does not guarantee a seat. Seats are on a first-come basis and can M.B.A. ’97, Belmont, Mas- not be reserved. The sale of Commencement tickets is prohibited. • Alumni/ae attending their reunions (25th, 35th, 50th) will receive tickets at their reunions. Alumni/ae in classes be- sachusetts. CEO and co- yond the 50th may obtain tickets from the College Alumni Programs Office by calling (617) 496-7001, or through the an- founder, Social Finance Inc. nual Tree Spread mailing sent out in March with an RSVP date of April 13th. Swati A. Piramal, • Alumni/ae from non-reunion years and their spouses are requested to view the Morning Exercises over large-screen M.P.H. ’70, Mumbai, India. televisions in the Science Center, and at designated locations in most of the undergraduate Houses and graduate and pro- Director, Piramal Health- fessional Schools. These locations provide ample seating, and tickets are not required. care Limited. • A very limited supply of tickets will be made available to all other alumni/ae on a first-come, first-served basis through the Harvard Alumni Association by calling (617) 496-7001. Stephen R. Quazzo ’82, M.B.A. ’86, Chicago. CEO Afternoon Exercises and co-founder, Pearlmark The Annual Meeting of the Harvard Alumni Association convenes in Tercentenary Theatre on Commencement Real Estate Partners. afternoon. All alumni and alumnae, faculty, students, parents, and guests are invited to attend and hear Harvard’s Presi- dent and featured Commencement Speaker deliver their addresses. Tickets for the afternoon ceremony will be available William H. Rastetter, through the Harvard Alumni Association by calling (617) 496-7001. vJacqueline A. O’Neill, University Marshal A.M. ’72, Ph.D. ’75, Rancho

. For more information, please contact 66 March -Reprinted April 2012 from Harvard Magazine www.alumni.harvard.edu Harvard Magazine, Inc. at 617-495-5746.