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IJCST Vo l . 5, Iss u e 3, Ju l y - Se p t 2014 ISSN : 0976-8491 (Online) | ISSN : 2229-4333 (Print) A Survey Paper on Mobile Operating Systems 1Rajeswari.A, 2Amirthavalli. 1,2Dept. of CSE, Velammal Engineering College Surapet, Chennai, India

Abstract • USB host Nowadays, the usage of smart phones has increased tremendously. [2] Some of the current features and specifications of android Every phone requires some type of to run its are: services. The operating system is responsible for determining the functions and features available on your device. The acceptance of a third party application, so called mobile apps is also based on the . Every manufacturer will have chosen the operating system for that specific device. In order to know the device compatibility and support for the mobile applications, its necessary to learn about the mobile operating system. This paper gives an idea about different mobile operating systems and also a comparative study on mobile operating systems.

Keywords Android, iOS, , , Blackberry OS, , OS, Sailfish OS, , Touch, Palm OS, web OS, LiMo4, , Meego.

I. Introduction has increased its usage from mere communication device to a intensive device like PCs to perform all kind of applications. This change is due to the development of innovative mobile operating systems and the unique characteristics of smart phones. Smart phones are small and handy with multiple, frequent and continuous connectivity to their own applications. The operating system manages the hardware and software resources in the device and performs various tasks. The mobile OS can be Fig. 1: Current Features of Android The Android NDK application differentiated based on the existing PC platforms such as Real looks as follows: time operating system, single user single tasking operating system, single user multi tasking operating system and multi user operating system. These platforms are based on the number of user and the number of applications running on the device. This paper discusses about various mobile operating systems.

II. Major Operating System

A. Android Android is a based operating system developed by / . It is a free and operating system that supports ARM, MIPS, architecture which is programmed in , C++ and java.[8] Android's releases are nicknamed after sweets or dessert items like Cupcake (1.5), Donut (1.6), Eclair (2.0), Frozen Yogurt ("Froyo") (2.2), Ginger Bread (2.3), Honeycomb (3.0), Ice Cream Sandwich (4.0), Jelly Bean (4.1), (4.2), (4.3) and Kit Kat (4.4) [1]. Fig. 2: Android NDK Application

B. Features [9] C. iOS • Multitasking iOS is a Darwin based operating system developed by Apple, • Widgets inc. It is a proprietary EULA except for open source components • Expandable storage that supports ARM CPU architecture which is programmed in • File manager C, C++, objective C and swift [8]. Some of the features that was • Drag and drop file management included in iOS 7 are: • Intelligent voice • Airdrop • Sideloading apps • Control Center • Centralized notifications • Multitasking • Flash support • CarPlay • Native • iCloud

374 International Journal of Computer Science And Technology www.ijcst.com ISSN : 0976-8491 (Online) | ISSN : 2229-4333 (Print) IJCST Vo l . 5, Iss u e 3, Ju l y - Se p t 2014

Automatic Optional, "Update Individu app updates by app all" option al Password No systems protected No No sccess reset In-dash Driving Thirdparty integration mode/S Drive apps (iOS for cars) Drive

G. Symbian Symbian is a descendant of Symbian OS which was developed by .Symbian 3 is the latest version was used in .The primary is C++. It includes Fig. 3: Features of iOS features like • 2D and 3D graphics acceleration D. Blackberry OS • Touch-based interaction Blackberry OS is a QNX(-like) based operating system • UI widgets developed by Blackberry Ltd.. It is a proprietary OS that supports ARM CPU architecture which isprogrammed in C, C++(native, H. Palm OS and Web OS cascade SDK, HTML5, , CSS and java [8]. Palm OS was developed by Palm and later acquired by Hewlett Features include: Packard. Palm Os is a combination of phone and pilot PDA. • sharing with It is a linux based OS. • Multi-touch interface WebOS was developed to replace palm OS. WebOS also known • Dual-layered as LG webOS webOS or HP webOS, is a based operating system for smart TVs, formerly a mobile operating F. Windows Phone system initially ran on and . The webOS mobile Windows phone is a windows CE 7/windows NT 8 based operating platform introduced features so innovative that some are still in system developed by . It is a proprietary OS that supports use by Apple, Microsoft and Chrome [12]. ARM architecture which is programmed in XNA (.NET C#), VB.NET, silverlight, native C/C++, winRTP(XMLA) and DirectX. Table 2: Feature comparison of webOS [8] Some features of Windows Phone are as follows: Feature LG webOS open webOS HP webOS/pal m • Features are organized as hubs webOS • Multi-tasking Multitasking Cards Cards Cards • New way of typing by swiping through the keyboard without Interface lifting the finger. Gestures through through touch through touch Magic screen and screen and physical Table 1: Feature Comparison Remote physical keyboards keyboards Synergy Not known Not Supported iOS 7 Android 4.2 Win Pho 8 BB 10 yet supported System Control Yes, varies No, settings Thirdparty LG Store App Catalog Center by phone maker menu applications settings Over the Yes Yes Yes Notification Detailed Live tile BB Hub, air updates center notifications badges badges Wireless No No Yes, on some Multitasking Recents Multitaski Active Frames recharging devices it supports preview list ng preview grid "Touch to Share" Surfaced Varies by Thirdparty , Time Simple Yes No No camera modes Android skin lenses Shift modes connection Photos Albums, other Albums, Open No Yes Some code grouped by Albums, date filters recent Source released under years, location open webOS[24] Shared photo Samung Share one Share one by Devices / LG Smart Ported to multiple pre, pre plus, stream Galaxy S4 by one one Versions TVs / LG devices / open pixi, pixi plus / HP Peer-to-peer Android Tap + Share webOS webOS 1.0 HP webOS 1.4.5[25] sharing NFC sharing Beam (NFC) (NFC) Touchpad/ webOS pre2, pre3 / HP (AirDrop) Community webOS 2.x.x Unified Edition Yes Yes Yes browser bar Personalized raido/discove Music All Nokia Music Thirdparty app ry Access Voice access 's No systems No systems to system Voice access sccess settings www.ijcst.com International Journal of Computer Science And Technology 375 IJCST Vo l . 5, Iss u e 3, Ju l y - Se p t 2014 ISSN : 0976-8491 (Online) | ISSN : 2229-4333 (Print)

III. Other Operating Systems F. Sailfish OS Sailfish is based on linux operating system developed by sailfish alliance and written by . It is a free and open source operating system except proprietary components that supports ARM, x86, x64. The primary programming language is C++ and QML. Android application can directly run on sailfish OS. It can also support software from platforms like MeeGo, HTML5, Unix and Linux.

G. LiMo LiMo is a Linux based operating system for handheld devices. It is developed by LiMo Foundation. It has modular plug-in architecture, and supports DRM. LiMo application developers use SDKs to write managed code running in a JVM, browser apps for WebKit, and native code. Fig. 4: Relationship Between Different Operating Systems H. Bada A. Maemo Bada OS is developed by . The term bada Maemo Maemo is a linux based operating system developed meaning “ocean” or “sea” in Korean. This is a platform with by Nokia and handed over to foundation. The Maemo a kernel configurable architecture, which allows using either a operating system is designed for Tablets, which feature very similar proprietary real-time operating system hybrid (RTOS) kernel or specifications to Nokia's high series and E-series cellphones. the Linux kernel. Native applications are developed in C++ with Maemo 5, also known as Fremantle, is the default operating system the Bada SDK, and the based integrated development on the . The release features a much more finger- environment (IDE). GNU-based tool chains are used for building friendly and consistent , and an X-server based on and debugging applications. The IDE also contains UI Builder, Xorg rather than KDrive [13]. with which developers can easily design the interface of their applications by dragging and dropping UI controls into forms. B. For testing and debugging, the IDE contains an which Mobile linux shortly termed as Moblin is an open source operating can run apps [10]. system developer forum launched moblin to run on the processor in a . Moblin 2's Core distribution is based I. Firefox OS on recent builds of Fedora, but other distributions to announce Firefox OS is a linux based operating system developed by Open future support for the core Moblin stack include Linpus and Ubuntu. Web device Complaince Review Board/. The primary In 2009, intel turned moblin to the linu foundation. Subsequently, programming language is HTML5, CSS, JavaScript and C++. It Moblin was merged with Maemo, becoming MeeGo. supports ARM, x86,x86_64 architecture. Firefox OS is a FOSS. Firefox OS can be upgraded in parts. Firefox OS has adaptive C. MeeGo app search. Firefox OS categorizes apps into three levels:Highly MeeGo is the combination of Moblin developed by intel and trusted(Certified), Trusted(Privileged) and Untrusted(Web). Maemo developed by Nokia. It was a Linux kernelbased free mobile Firefox OS security follows a framework called Principles of operating system. It was Primarily targeted at mobile devices and least permissions for web apps. information appliances in the market and was designed to act as an operating system for hardware platforms J. OS such as , desktops, , tablets, and Ubuntu Touch OS is a linux based operating system developed communications devices, and other embedded systems. MeeGo by Limited and Ubuntu community contributors. It is is currently hosted by the . a free and open source operating system except the proprietary componenets programmed in HTML5, C/C++ and QML which D. Mer supports ARM and x86 architecture. Mer is a free re-implementation of MeeGo operating system. It is also a linux based operating system developed by linux foundation. It supports ARM, x86, MIPS, x86_64 architecture. The primary programming language is C++. Mer is a free and open source software which is based on Ubuntu 9.04. Mer was further succeeded by Nemo operating system and sailfish operating system.

E. Nemo OS Nemo OS is a community driven operating system that is a descendant of Mer and parallel to Sailfish Operating System. It combines Linux kernel, Mer and User Interface. It is a free and open source operating system.

376 International Journal of Computer Science And Technology www.ijcst.com ISSN : 0976-8491 (Online) | ISSN : 2229-4333 (Print) IJCST Vo l . 5, Iss u e 3, Ju l y - Se p t 2014

Comparison Table [8] Table 3: Comparison of Mobile Operating System

IV. Conclusion [3] Masoud Nosrati, Ronak Karimi, Hojat Allah Hasanvand, The final word about the paper is that the mobile world is still “Mobile Computing: Principles, Devices and operating evolving and keeps growing in the future. Even though there systems”, World applied programming, Vol(2), Issue(7), are so many operating systems in the market Android OS is the July 2012. leading player in the market followed by iOS as shown in the [4] T.N.Sharma, Mahender Kr.Beniwal, Arpita Sharma, graph below[1]. Android OS also has largest number of apps “Comparative Study of different mobile operating systems”, competing with iOS. International Journal of Advancements in Reasearch & Technology, Vol. 2, Issue 3, March-2013. [5] Gaurav Jindal, Mayank Jai,"Comparative study of ’s operating systems”, International journal of computer applications & information technology, Vol. 1, Issue 3, Nov 2012. [6] Dotcom Infoway,"White paper on mobile OS and efforts towards open standards”. [7] Honeywell,"White paper on operating system strategy for mobile computers”. [8] [Online] Available: http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Comparison_of_mobile_operating_systems [9] http://www.phonearena.com/news/Mobile-OS-comparison- WindowsiOS-6.0-vs-Android-4.1_id31473 [10] [Online] Available: http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Bada Fig. 5: World Wide Smartphone Sales (%) [11] Kamboj, Gupta,"Operating Systems”, International Journal of Engineering Innovation & Research, Vol. 1, Issue 2, References 2012. [1] [Online] Available: http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ [12] [Online] Available: http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Mobile_operating_system WebOS [2] [Online] Available: http://www.engineersgarage.com/ [13] [Online] Available: http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ articles/what-is-android-introduction Maemo www.ijcst.com International Journal of Computer Science And Technology 377