A Survey on Architectures of Mobile Operating Systems: Challenges and Issues
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Android (Operating System) 1 Android (Operating System)
Android (operating system) 1 Android (operating system) Android Home screen displayed by Samsung Nexus S with Google running Android 2.3 "Gingerbread" Company / developer Google Inc., Open Handset Alliance [1] Programmed in C (core), C++ (some third-party libraries), Java (UI) Working state Current [2] Source model Free and open source software (3.0 is currently in closed development) Initial release 21 October 2008 Latest stable release Tablets: [3] 3.0.1 (Honeycomb) Phones: [3] 2.3.3 (Gingerbread) / 24 February 2011 [4] Supported platforms ARM, MIPS, Power, x86 Kernel type Monolithic, modified Linux kernel Default user interface Graphical [5] License Apache 2.0, Linux kernel patches are under GPL v2 Official website [www.android.com www.android.com] Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications.[6] [7] Google Inc. purchased the initial developer of the software, Android Inc., in 2005.[8] Android's mobile operating system is based on a modified version of the Linux kernel. Google and other members of the Open Handset Alliance collaborated on Android's development and release.[9] [10] The Android Open Source Project (AOSP) is tasked with the maintenance and further development of Android.[11] The Android operating system is the world's best-selling Smartphone platform.[12] [13] Android has a large community of developers writing applications ("apps") that extend the functionality of the devices. There are currently over 150,000 apps available for Android.[14] [15] Android Market is the online app store run by Google, though apps can also be downloaded from third-party sites. -
Meego Smartphones and Operating System Find a New Life in Jolla Ltd
Jolla Ltd. Press Release July 7, 2012 Helsinki, Finland FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE MeeGo Smartphones and Operating System Find a New Life in Jolla Ltd. Jolla Ltd. is an independent Finland based smartphone product company which continues the excellent work that Nokia started with MeeGo. The Jolla team is formed by directors and core professionals from Nokia's MeeGo N9 organisation, together with some of the best minds working on MeeGo in the communities. Jussi Hurmola, CEO Jolla Ltd.: "Nokia created something wonderful - the world's best smartphone product. It deserves to be continued, and we will do that together with all the bright and gifted people contributing to the MeeGo success story." Jolla Ltd. will design, develop and sell new MeeGo based smartphones. Together with international private investors and partners, a new smartphone using this MeeGo based OS will be revealed later this year. Jolla Ltd. has been developing a new smartphone product and the OS since the end of 2011. The OS has evolved from MeeGo OS using Mer Core and Qt with Jolla technology including its own brand new UI. The Jolla team consists of a substantial number of MeeGo's core engineers and directors, and is aggressively hiring the top MeeGo and Linux talent to contribute to the next generation smartphone production. Company is headquartered in Helsinki, Finland and has an R&D office in Tampere, Finland. Sincerely, Jolla Ltd. Dr. Antti Saarnio - Chairman & Finance Mr. Jussi Hurmola - CEO Mr. Sami Pienimäki - VP, Sales & Business Development Mr. Stefano Mosconi - CIO Mr. Marc Dillon - COO Further inquiries: [email protected] Jolla Ltd. -
ECE 471 – Embedded Systems Lecture 8
ECE 471 { Embedded Systems Lecture 8 Vince Weaver http://www.eece.maine.edu/∼vweaver [email protected] 26 September 2013 Announcements • HW#2 is delayed • Read chapter 11 in textbook 1 Brief Overview of the Gumstix Overo Board TODO: Put a diagram here More details after boards are distributed. 2 Coding Directly for the Hardware One way of developing embedded systems is coding to the raw hardware, as you did with the STM Discovery Boards in ECE271. • Compile code • Prepare for upload (hexbin?) • Upload into FLASH • Boots to offset 3 • Setup, flat memory (usually), stack at top, code near bottom, IRQ vectors • Handle Interrupts • Must do I/O directly (no drivers) Although if lucky, can find existing code. 4 Instead, one can use an Operating System 5 Why Use an Operating System? • Provides Layers of Abstraction { Abstract hardware: hide hardware differences. same hardware interface for classes of hardware (things like video cameras, disks, keyboards, etc) despite differing implementation details { Abstract software: with VM get linear address space, same system calls on all systems { Abstraction comes at a cost. Higher overhead, unknown timing 6 • Multi-tasking / Multi-user • Security, permissions (Linus dial out onto /dev/hda) • Common code in kernel and libraries, no need to re- invent 7 What's included with an OS • kernel / drivers { Linux definition • also system libraries { Solaris definition • low-level utils / software / GUI { Windows definition Web Browser included? • Linux usually makes distinction between the OS Kernel and distribution. OSX/Windows usually doesn't. 8 Operating Systems Types • Monolithic kernel { everything in one big address space. -
Windows NT Architecture Previous Screen Gilbert Held Payoff Windows NT Is a Sophisticated Operating System for Workstations and Network Servers
50-30-19 Windows NT Architecture Previous screen Gilbert Held Payoff Windows NT is a sophisticated operating system for workstations and network servers. This article helps network managers to understand the communications capability of workstations and servers running on Windows NT, and data base administrators to determine the suitability of this platform for a structured query language (SQL) data base server. Introduction Windows NT is a 32-bit, preemptive multitasking operating system that includes comprehensive networking capabilities and several levels of security. Microsoft markets two version of Windows NT: one for workstations—appropriately named Windows NT Workstation—and a second for servers—Windows NT Server. This article, which describes the workings of the NT architecture, collectively references both versions as Windows NT when information is applicable to both versions of the operating system. Similarly, it references a specific version of the operating system when the information presented is specific to either Windows NT Workstation or Windows NT Server. Architecture Windows NT consists of nine basic modules. The relationship of those modules to one another, as well as to the hardware platform on which the operating system runs, is illustrated in Exhibit 1. Windows NT Core Modules Hardware Abstraction Layer The hardware abstraction layer (HAL) is located directly above the hardware on which Windows NT operates. HAL actually represents a software module developed by hardware manufacturers that is bundled into Windows NT to allow it to operate on a specific hardware platform, such as Intel X86, DEC Alpha, or IBM PowerPC. HAL hides the specifics of the hardware platform from the rest of the operating system and represents the lowest level of Windows NT. -
Mobile Systems
CS 318 Principles of Operating Systems Fall 2017 Lecture 21: Mobile Systems Ryan Huang 11/30/17 CS 318 – Lecture 21 – Mobile Systems 2 Apply the security update immedidately! CS 318 – Lecture 21 – Mobile Systems Administrivia • Lab 4 deadline one week away • Groups of 2 students receive 2-day extra late hour • Groups of 3 students with 1 318 section student receive 1-day extra late-hour • Please, please don’t cheat • Homework 5 is released 11/30/17 CS 318 – Lecture 21 – Mobile Systems 4 Mobile Devices Become Ubiquitous Worldwide Devices Shipments by Device Type (Millions of Units) 3000 2500 2000 1500 1806.96 1879 1910 1959 1000 500 Google Nexus 6P 209.79 226 196 195 296.13 277 246 232 0 2013 2014 2015 2016 Traditional PCs Ultramobiles (Premium) Ultramobiles (Basic and Utility) Mobile Phones 5 History of Mobile OS (1) • Early “smart” devices are PDAs (touchscreen, Internet) • Symbian, first modern mobile OS - released in 2000 - run in Ericsson R380, the first ‘smartphone’ (mobile phone + PDA) - only support proprietary programs 11/30/17 CS 318 – Lecture 21 – Mobile Systems 6 History of Mobile OS (2) • Many smartphone and mobile OSes followed up - Kyocera 6035 running Palm OS (2001) • 8 MB non-expandable memory - Windows CE (2002) - Blackberry (2002) • was a prominent vendor • known for secure communications - Moto Q (2005) - Nokia N70 (2005) • 2-megapixel camera, bluetooth • 32 MB memory • Symbian OS • Java games 11/30/17 CS 318 – Lecture 21 – Mobile Systems 7 One More Thing… • Introduction of iPhone (2007) - revolutionize the smartphone industry - 4GB flash memory, 128 MB DRAM, multi-touch interface - runs iOS, initially only proprietary apps - App Store opened in 2008, allow third party apps 11/30/17 CS 318 – Lecture 21 – Mobile Systems 8 Android – An Unexpected Rival of iPhone • Android Inc. -
Linux Foundation to Host Meego Workgroup
Linux Foundation To Host MeeGo Workgroup New Open Source Software Platform Backed by Intel and Nokia will Power the Next Generation of Computing Devices SAN FRANCISCO, February 15, 2010 – The Linux Foundation, the nonprofit organization dedicated to accelerating the growth of Linux, today announced it will host the MeeGo project, the open source software platform for the next generation of computing devices. MeeGo combines Intel’s Moblin™ and Nokia’s Maemo projects into one Linux-based platform. MeeGo, announced today in a joint release by Intel and Nokia, will be deployed across many computing device types - including pocketable mobile computers, netbooks, tablets, mediaphones, connected TVs and in-vehicle infotainment systems, and brings together the leaders in computing and mobile communications as the project’s backers. MeeGo is designed for cross-device, cross-architecture computing and is built from the ground up for a new class of powerful computing devices. The workgroup will be hosted by the Linux Foundation as a fully open source project, encouraging community contributions in line with the best practices of the open source development model. The Linux Foundation expects MeeGo to be adopted widely by device manufacturers, network operators, software vendors and developers across multiple device types and for many organizations and developers to participate in the workgroup. “With MeeGo, you have the world’s leader in computing – Intel – uniting with the world’s leader in communications – Nokia – in a true open source project hosted at the Linux Foundation,” said Jim Zemlin, executive director at the Linux Foundation. “MeeGo has been built from the ground up for rich, mobile devices and will deliver choice to consumers without lock-in. -
Mer: Core OS Mobile & Devices
Mer: Core OS mobile & devices Qt Developer Days - Silicon Valley 2012 Carl Symons Introduction Plasma Active chooses Mer Not just another Linux distribution Focus - device providers Where's Mer? SDKs - apps & platform Get Mer Resources Carl Symons Large company Mktg/BusDev Start-ups } Slightly geeky Grassroots LinuxFest organizer KDE News editor/promo KDE Plasma Active Mer upstream and downstream First LinuxCon September 2009 Portland Moblin is a hot topic Moblin 2.1 for phones introduced MeeGo Announced February 201 0 Moblin & Maemo merger Support for Intel Atom Desktop Summit August 11 , 2011 Berlin; Free Desktop meeting Developer orientation; ExoPCs MeeGo AppStore A real Linux OS LinuxCon - Vancouver August 1 8, 2011 Intel AppUp Developer orientation; ExoPCs MeeGo AppStore show real Linux OS; possibilities Intel AppUp Elements September 28, 2011 National developer conference Tizen announced (led by Intel and Samsung) MeeGo and Qt abandoned HTML5/CSS3 Maemo Reconstructed October 3, 2011 Mer announced The spirit of MeeGo lives on Plasma Active chooses Mer October 5, 2011 No viable alternative Lightweight Mer talent and community Performant Boot time - more than a minute to about 1 5 seconds on Atom tablet Not just another Linux MeeGo - large company dominated; closed governance Mer - Core OS only Packages Focus - Device Providers Complete world class platform for building commercial products Modern, clean Linux Easy to try; easy to port Systems, structures, processes, code to serve device providers Where's Mer? X86, ARM, MIPS NemoMobile -
Windows XP History and Versions
Lecture 23: Windows XP History and Versions n Mid-80ies Microsoft and IBM cooperated to develop OS/2 n Windows XP is produced by Microsoft Co. n 1988 - Microsoft started to develop its own new technology (NT) OS n XP is multi-user, multi-process, preemptive multitasking OS, 30M lines of source code capable of running OS/2, Windows and Unix apps. Hired Dave Cutler - architect of DEC VAX/VMS to head the design n It is developed to support multiple platforms and targeted towards enterprise workstations and server market as well as n NT v. 3.1 first released commercially July 1993 desktops n NT v 4.0 adopted Windows 95 user interface, graphics code moved into kernel to improve performance n In today’s lecture n 2000 – improved networking and laptop support, support for plug-and- u XP’s predecessors, the history of XP design, XP versions play devices, support for more processors (up to 8) and memory, u design principles becomes true multi-user through terminal server u components n XP (released Oct 2001) – update for 2000 replacement for 95/98 F hardware abstraction layer u simplifies user interface, improved reliability, performance F executive improvements, partial 64-bit support F environmental subsystems n versions F file system u desktop: XP personal – 95/98 replacement, professional – advanced features like POSIX support, some network features 1 u server: .NET – support for web/print service, clusters, large memory2 and multiple processors Design goals Components n XP is microkernel-based, modular n security – NT was C-2 certified (US -
A Hardware Abstraction Layer in Java
A Hardware Abstraction Layer in Java MARTIN SCHOEBERL Vienna University of Technology, Austria STEPHAN KORSHOLM Aalborg University, Denmark TOMAS KALIBERA Purdue University, USA and ANDERS P. RAVN Aalborg University, Denmark Embedded systems use specialized hardware devices to interact with their environment, and since they have to be dependable, it is attractive to use a modern, type-safe programming language like Java to develop programs for them. Standard Java, as a platform independent language, delegates access to devices, direct memory access, and interrupt handling to some underlying operating system or kernel, but in the embedded systems domain resources are scarce and a Java virtual machine (JVM) without an underlying middleware is an attractive architecture. The contribution of this paper is a proposal for Java packages with hardware objects and interrupt handlers that interface to such a JVM. We provide implementations of the proposal directly in hardware, as extensions of standard interpreters, and finally with an operating system middleware. The latter solution is mainly seen as a migration path allowing Java programs to coexist with legacy system components. An important aspect of the proposal is that it is compatible with the Real-Time Specification for Java (RTSJ). Categories and Subject Descriptors: D.4.7 [Operating Systems]: Organization and Design—Real-time sys- tems and embedded systems; D.3.3 [Programming Languages]: Language Classifications—Object-oriented languages; D.3.3 [Programming Languages]: Language Constructs and Features—Input/output General Terms: Languages, Design, Implementation Additional Key Words and Phrases: Device driver, embedded system, Java, Java virtual machine 1. INTRODUCTION When developing software for an embedded system, for instance an instrument, it is nec- essary to control specialized hardware devices, for instance a heating element or an inter- ferometer mirror. -
Firefox OS Overview Ewa Janczukowicz
Firefox OS Overview Ewa Janczukowicz To cite this version: Ewa Janczukowicz. Firefox OS Overview. [Research Report] Télécom Bretagne. 2013, pp.28. hal- 00961321 HAL Id: hal-00961321 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00961321 Submitted on 24 Apr 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Collection des rapports de recherche de Télécom Bretagne RR-2013-04-RSM Firefox OS Overview Ewa JANCZUKOWICZ (Télécom Bretagne) This work is part of the project " Étude des APIs Mozilla Firefox OS" supported by Orange Labs / TC PASS (CRE API MOZILLA FIREFOX OS - CTNG13025) ACKNOWLEGMENTS Above all, I would like to thank Ahmed Bouabdallah and Arnaud Braud for their assistance, support and guidance throughout the contract. I am very grateful to Gaël Fromentoux and Stéphane Tuffin for giving me the possibility of working on the Firefox OS project. I would like to show my gratitude to Jean-Marie Bonnin, to all members of Orange NCA/ARC team and RSM department for their help and guidance. RR-2013-04-RSM 1 RR-2013-04-RSM 2 SUMMARY Firefox OS is an operating system for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. -
MOBILE OPERATING SYSTEM TRANSITION Insights and Considerations Mobile Operating System Transition – Insights and Considerations | 1
MOBILE OPERATING SYSTEM TRANSITION Insights and Considerations Mobile Operating System Transition – Insights and Considerations | www.honeywellaidc.com 1 Introduction A shift in the mobile operating system landscape has occurred over the last several years. The transition from legacy Windows® is well underway. While there remain several distinct choices on the roadmap, the tradeoffs and compromises associated with each have become clearer. This paper will elaborate on these points and provide the reader with guidance on recommended solutions. Mobile Operating System Transition – Insights and Considerations | www.honeywellaidc.com 2 Table of contents 3 Mobile Operating System History 4 Legacy Operating Systems 5 Android Enterprise Evolution 6 How Honeywell Helps 8 Android Lifecycle Management 10 Conclusion and Recommendations Mobile Operating System Transition – Insights and Considerations | www.honeywellaidc.com 3 Mobile Operating System History For the open source Android operating system, Google OEMs and third parties began developing extensions that enabled device management capabilities, provided more control over user actions, and added support for Ten years ago, operating systems for mobile devices in the enterprise space were provided by Microsoft. Windows CE and Windows Mobile (later Windows Embedded Handheld) offered industrial Wi-Fi features and capabilities needed for enterprise deployment, while a robust ecosystem of networks and developer tools and third-party offerings allowed customers to create the solution needed barcode scanning to effectively operate and manage their businesses. Apple had only recently shown the first capabilities. iPhone®. Google acquired Android™ a few years earlier and had yet to see a phone come to market. Other options available at that time were largely focused around the white collar professional user and proved largely unsuitable for the unique needs of the purpose-built enterprise environment. -
Download Android Os for Phone Open Source Mobile OS Alternatives to Android
download android os for phone Open Source Mobile OS Alternatives To Android. It’s no exaggeration to say that open source operating systems rule the world of mobile devices. Android is still an open-source project, after all. But, due to the bundle of proprietary software that comes along with Android on consumer devices, many people don’t consider it an open source operating system. So, what are the alternatives to Android? iOS? Maybe, but I am primarily interested in open-source alternatives to Android. I am going to list not one, not two, but several alternatives, Linux-based mobile OSes . Top Open Source alternatives to Android (and iOS) Let’s see what open source mobile operating systems are available. Just to mention, the list is not in any hierarchical or chronological order . 1. Plasma Mobile. A few years back, KDE announced its open source mobile OS, Plasma Mobile. Plasma Mobile is the mobile version of the desktop Plasma user interface, and aims to provide convergence for KDE users. It is being actively developed, and you can even find PinePhone running on Manjaro ARM while using KDE Plasma Mobile UI if you want to get your hands on a smartphone. 2. postmarketOS. PostmarketOS (pmOS for short) is a touch-optimized, pre-configured Alpine Linux with its own packages, which can be installed on smartphones. The idea is to enable a 10-year life cycle for smartphones. You probably already know that, after a few years, Android and iOS stop providing updates for older smartphones. At the same time, you can run Linux on older computers easily.