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Audio-Pionier Schouhamer Immink: 'Verzadiging in Digitale Opslag'

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Audio-Pionier Schouhamer Immink: 'Verzadiging in Digitale Opslag' Na digitale oerknal van de cd trage evolutie in de audio-wereld Audio-pionier Schouhamer Immink: ‘verzadiging in digitale opslag’ Prof. dr. Kees Schouhamer Immink veroorzaakte met de door hem geschreven broncodes voor onder meer cd, dvd en blu-ray disc, de oerknal in het audio- en video-universum. Zijn verdiensten op het gebied van de digitale audio- en video-opslag zijn eenvoudig samen te vatten: elk digitaal opslagmedium en weergave-apparaat draagt zijn stempel. In dit gesprek laat hij kort zijn licht schijnen over de ontwikkelingen in de digitale opslag. JOHAN SANCHES e compact disc viert dit jaar zijn harddisk drive of op welk medium dan gens zo klein en zo goedkoop en zo dertigste verjaardag. De intro- ook. Dat wil je dan zo efficiënt mogelijk aantrekkelijk geworden zijn, dat je je ductie van de cd, en later de doen, met zo weinig mogelijk over- niet kunt voorstellen dat het technisch dvd,D de blu-ray disc en de dcc beteken- head. Overhead is de hoeveelheid extra veel beter zou kunnen worden. den een revolutie in de opslag en weer- bits die je moet meeschrijven op de gave van audio en video. De man die schijf om bijvoorbeeld fouten te corri- Een term die men steeds vaker hoort is met zijn broncodes het werk van zijn geren en te zorgen dat het er stabiel en ‘fourth generation optical storage voorgangers Edison (fonograaf) en Ber- betrouwbaar op staat. Hoe kleiner de systems’; wat wordt daaronder verstaan liner (grammofoonplaat) naar een overhead en hoe meer bits er beschik- en welke toekomst ziet u daarvoor weg- hoger niveau stuwde, is Kees Schouha- baar zijn voor gebruikersdata, hoe gro- gelegd? mer Immink, ingenieur en informatie- ter de efficiëntie. In het algemeen wordt daar holografie theoreticus, heden ten dage directeur mee bedoeld, waarbij met heel speci- van Turing Machines en deeltijdhoog- Verwacht u dat we nog revolutionaire fieke materialen en heel specifieke len- leraar aan de universiteit van Essen ontwikkelingen op het gebied van digi- zen een factor honderd meer in dicht- (Duitsland) en de National University tale audio-opslag kunnen beleven, zoals heid kan worden gemaakt dan met of Singapore. Schouhamer Immink met de compact disc? blu-ray-systemen. Zo zou je een tera- heeft, vooral tijdens zijn dertigjarige Absoluut niet meer. De introductie van byte of meer kwijt kunnen op een 12- carrière bij Philips, een cruciale rol de cd dertig jaar geleden was natuur- cm schijfje. Maar het vinden van de gespeeld bij het onderzoek en de ont- lijk de Big Bang van de hele digitale we- juiste materialen en lenzen is een groot wikkeling van optische beeld- en reld, van alle audio en videoproducten. probleem op het moment. Want het geluidsopslag. Hij wordt algemeen Daarvoor was er helemaal niks digi- moeten natuurlijk fotogevoelige mate- gezien als de invloedrijkste onderzoe- taals. Misschien in een paar heel voor- rialen zijn, die ook nog voldoende sta- ker achter de ontwikkeling van de digi- uitstrevende studio’s, zoals de BBC of biel zijn, die dus niet verlopen door tale audio- en videoproducten zoals we in Amerika, maar die introductie was temperatuur of levensduur. Ze moeten die nu kennen. de absolute Big Bang en dat is in een ook nog lichtgevoelig zijn, maar ook stroomversnelling geweest de afgelo- weer niet te gevoelig. En ze moeten Toegepaste wiskunde pen dertig jaar en ik denk dat het al- ook dat holografische effect kunnen Voor een goed begrip: wat behelst uw leen maar verzadigt. Na de introductie weergeven en daarvoor is er op dit mo- werk? van de cd in 1982 is er inderdaad heel ment nog geen geschikt materiaal. Er Het vak dat ik bedrijf is toegepaste wis- veel gebeurd. Daarna kreeg je digitale wordt wel geëxperimenteerd met ver- kunde waarbij je met behulp van be- video. Dat heeft in het begin natuurlijk schillende materialen, maar men ge- paalde algoritmes, gebruikersbits, dat ook enorm veel veranderingen teweeg- looft niet dat die voldoende stabiliteit kan geluid of video zijn, omzet naar gebracht, maar is uiteindelijk ook ver- hebben en voldoende lichtgevoelig een bitstroom die zo goed mogelijk op- zadigd. Ik verwacht niet dat er veel zal zijn. geslagen kan worden op een cd of een gebeuren omdat solid-state-geheu- 6 elektronica 4-2012 60 jaar Elektronica Kees Schouhamer Immink (65) werkte dertig jaar bij Philips Research in Eind- hoven, waar hij met zijn werk de basis heeft gelegd voor de ontwikkeling van onder meer de compact disc, de dvd en de blu-ray disc. Sinds 1998 is hij directeur van het door hem opgerich- te bedrijf Turing Machines, waarvoor hij nog steeds codes schrijft. Daar- naast is hij deeltijdhoogleraar aan zowel de Technische Universiteit van Essen (Duitsland) als de National Uni- versity of Singapore. Vanaf zijn tijd bij Philips tot op heden zijn meer dan 60 van zijn uitvindingen gepatenteerd. Hij ontving voor zijn werk tientallen onderscheidingen en eretitels. Enkele daarvan zijn: IEEE Edison Medal, IEEE Consumer Electronics Engineering Excellence Award, Technology and Engineering Emmy Award, Ridder in de Orde van Oranje Nassau. Prof. dr. Kees Schouhammer Immink: ‘Echte ontwikkeling is er op dit moment alleen nog maar op het gebied van magnetische recording’ Die terabyte-capaciteit is wel te halen, Sommige bedrijven zien daar wel toe- zal, als die al voortgang vindt, in ieder maar dan is vaak de snelheid waarmee komst in, andere weer niet. Philips en geval heel traag verlopen. je de informatie kunt lezen en schrijven Sony hebben vrijwel alle activiteiten op nog problematisch. Ik vergelijk het met het gebied van optische recording voor Verwacht u bij de ontwikkeling van an- een scanner of stepper die ASML maakt de vierde generatie gestaakt, maar dere vormen van digitale opslag snellere om chips te fabriceren. Zo’n apparaat Samsung en LG Electronics zijn nog wel vorderingen? probeer je dan eigenlijk geschikt te heel actief zijn op dat gebied. Onmoge- Echte ontwikkeling is er op dit moment maken voor de huiskamer; daar komt lijk is het niet. Toen mijn collega’s en ik alleen nog maar op het gebied van het op neer. Het valt echt niet mee om bij Philips begonnen aan de videolaser- magnetische recording, de harddisk. Ik die dichtheid te bereiken. Technisch on- plaat en de compact disc kostte een hou dat heel goed bij, want ik ben aan mogelijk is het niet, maar of het markt- gewone laser meer dan tweehonderd- de universiteit in Singapore ook ver- technisch zal lukken is een andere duizend gulden per stuk, nu minder bonden aan het Data Storage Institute vraag. dan een dubbeltje. Dus als je zulke dat zich alleen maar bezighoudt met technologie geschikt wilt maken voor de opslag van data. Aan de ene kant is Vertrouwen de huiskamer, dan moet je wel het ver- dat de grote opslag en aan de andere U ontwikkelt met uw bedrijf nog steeds trouwen hebben dat je ze ooit goedko- kant heb je natuurlijk de kleinere op- codes voor deze technologie en u heeft per kunt fabriceren. Ik heb er wel ver- slag in de vorm van solid-state, wat na- recentelijk een aantal van uw patenten trouwen in dat het kan lukken, maar tuurlijk steeds belangrijker wordt. overgedragen aan een paar heel grote dan moeten er wel voldoende bedrij- Maar bij de optische opslag, de dvd, de ondernemingen. Het biedt blijkbaar wel ven zijn die eraan willen beginnen. De blu-ray, zijn momenteel heel weinig perspectief? ontwikkeling van die vierde generatie ontwikkelingen. n elektronica 4-2012 7.
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