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Comox Lake Watershed Protection Plan Watershed Protection Plan 2 Comox Lake Watershed Protection Plan Watershed Protection Plan 2 Table of Contents Source Water . 22 Lake and Intakes . 22 Citation . 3 Context . 23 Acknowledgements . 4 Risk Assessment . 23 1 . Sediments . 24 About . 5 2 . Nutrients . 25 Executive Summary . 6 3 . Pathogens . 25 Very High Risk Rating . 6 4 . Contaminants . 25 High Risk Rating . 6 Other Factors That Affect Risk . 26 Key Recommendations: . 7 Likelihood and Consequence . 26 Introduction . 8 Objective of the Plan . 8 Recommendations . 30 Vision . 8 Reducing Risk to an Acceptable Level . 31 Underlying Principles . 8 Recommendations . 31 Overarching Recommendations . 31 Awareness . 9 Administrative Recommendations . 33 Proper Functioning Condition . 10 Emergency Planning . 36 Drinking Water Safety Plans . 10 Recreation Management . 37 What is a Watershed? . 10 Land-Based Recreation . 38 Riparian Areas . 11 Water-Based Recreation . 39 Proper Functioning Condition of Streams and Wetlands . 11 Land Management . 40 What is a Pathogen? . 12 Education and Outreach . 42 How do Pathogens Relate to Drinking Water? . 12 Measuring Progress . 42 Turbidity and Suspended Sediment . 13 Implementation . 46 Disinfection . 14 Implementation and Monitoring . 47 Disinfection By-Products . 14 Objective . 47 4-3-2-1-0 Drinking Water Objective . 14 Vision . 47 Water Quality Monitoring . 15 Goals . 47 Equivalent Clearcut Area (ECA) . 15 Performance Indicators . 54 Wildfire . 16 Resources . 55 Glacier Retreat . 17 Financial Implications . 55 Water Conservation . 17 Ecological Benefit . 56 The Water Supply System . 18 Deep Water Intake . 56 Watershed Ecology and History . 18 History of Logging . 18 Appendices . 57 Current Water Quality . 19 Appendix 1 – Rationale for Each Risk Rating . 57 Comox Lake Watershed Map . 20 Appendix 2 – Emerging Trends in Drinking Water Treatment Technology . 76 Appendix 3 – Example Education and Outreach Materials . 77 Assessment . 21 Glossary & Guide to Acronyms . 78 Analysing and Understanding Risks . 22 Bibliography (General) . 81 Hazard Identification . 22 Bibliography (Recreation) . 90 Watershed . 22 References . 103 Watershed Protection Plan 3 Image Credits Publication link Cover Rainbow – Aqua-Tex Scientific Consulting http://www.comoxvalleyrd.ca/ p. 5 Comox Lake – Aqua-Tex Scientific Consulting p. 6 Comox Lake – David Stapley p. 7 Haul road – David Stapley Citation p. 8 Creeks and Communities workshop – Aqua-Tex Scientific Consulting Aqua-Tex Scientific Consulting Ltd. 2016. Comox Lake Watershed Protection Plan. p. 9 Water quality monitoring – Aqua-Tex Scientific Consulting Prepared for the Comox Valley Regional District. 106 pp. (56 pp. + Appendices). p. 10 Comox Lake watershed diagram – Watershed Moment Communication p. 11 Riparian area cross-section – Bureau of Land Management Primary author: Cori L. Barraclough, R.P.Bio., C.Biol., MRSB, PMP p. 13 Turbidity comparison– Aqua-Tex Scientific Consulting Contributing authors: Sarah Karkanis, Wm. Patrick Lucey, R.P. Bio., C.Biol., MRSB, p. 13 Perseverance Creek entering Comox Lake – CVRD Les McDonald, R.P. Bio., and Tracy Motyer, R.B. Tech. p. 16 Wildfire – BC Wildfire Service p. 17 Comox Glacier retreat – Fred Fern p. 18 Floating A-frame – Cumberland Museum and Archives p. 19 Logging in the Comox Valley 1930’s – Cumberland Museum & Archives p. 20 Comox Lake Watershed map – CVRD p. 21 Browns River joining Puntledge River– CVRD p. 23 Existing water supply map – BC Hydro p. 30 Low water at the Comox Lake dam – Aqua-Tex Scientific Consulting p. 35 Eroding shoreline – Village of Cumberland p. 37 Fire-scarred stumps – Aqua-Tex Scientific Consulting p. 43 Water level monitoring – Aqua-Tex Scientific Consulting p. 44 Bank erosion in Perseverance Creek – CVRD p. 45 Fish and Game Club at Comox Lake– David Stapley p. 46 Mouth of the Cruikshank River – David Stapley Watershed Protection Plan 4 Acknowledgements This Watershed Protection Plan could not have been completed without the contributions Domenico Iannidinardo TimberWest of many individuals who provided operational details, information, and photographs Derek Jeffers DND relating to the Comox Lake Watershed. Thank you especially to the members of the Richard Kanigan Town of Comox & CVRD Water Committee Comox Lake Watershed Advisory Group who worked hard to put forward their Michelle Keller MOE information and perspectives respectfully at many meetings, reviewed several drafts of the Morgan Kennah Island Timberlands plan, and sought out background information to support its development. Leah Knutson Village of Cumberland Dave Leitch CVRD Engineering A huge thank you to the following individuals: Lynne Magee Island Health David Allen City of Courtenay Charlene McKinnon Island Health Gary Anderson Island Health Kevin McPhedran Village of Cumberland Bill Anglin CVRD Water Committee Matthew Merritt Hancock Timber Shelley Ashfield Town of Comox & CVRD Water Committee Aaron Miller BC Parks Rosie Barlak MOE Darcy Miller DFO David Cherry Island Health Jack Minard Comox Valley Land Trust Chris Cole TimberWest Zoe Norcross-Nu’u CVRD Engineering Keir Cordner Island Health Barbara Price Town of Comox & CVRD Water Committee Ken Cottini Comox Lake Land Corporation Ray Rogers Courtenay Fish & Game Protective Association Rob Crisfield Village of Cumberland Marc Rutten CVRD Engineering Ian Delisle Hancock Timber David Stapley Comox Valley Conservation Strategy Community Partnership Doug DeMarzo CVRD Planning Ton Trieu CVRD Planning Ken Epps Island Timberlands Stephen Watson BC Hydro Brian Epps MOE Bob Wells City of Courtenay & CVRD Water Committee Deb Epps MOE Wayne White Courtenay Fish & Game Protective Association Rob Everson K’omoks Band Patti Fletcher CVRD Water Committee We also wish to acknowledge Dr. Nick Ashbolt of the University of Alberta for many Heather Florence Island Health valuable discussions about current research on drinking water safety. A special thanks Kenneth Gillis First Nation Health Authority to Karen Garrett (CVRD Engineering) for organizing the Watershed Advisory Group Neil Goeller MFLNRO meetings and to the BC Wildfire Service, Rob Crisfield, Chris Cole, the Comox Valley Tom Grant CVRD Water Committee Regional District, Jenn Dykstra, Fred Fern, Mark Garrison, David Stapley and the Edwin Grieve CVRD Water Committee Cumberland Museum and Archives for providing permission to use their photographs. Koreen Gurak CVRD Communications Graphic design and layout by Soren Henrich of Watershed Moment Communication. Tania Hardy CVRD Public Affairs (GIS) Bill Heidrick Comox Valley Conservation Strategy Community Partnership Mike Herschmiller CVRD Engineering Christiaan Horsfall Comox Lake Land Corporation Watershed Protection Plan 5 About This plan recognizes that high quality drinking water is produced by a healthy ecosystem that functions properly with particular processes and attributes; specifically, those aquatic and riparian processes that capture, store, and release water while simultaneously moderating or removing suspended sediments, bacteria, viruses, parasites and excess nutrients. Comox Lake Watershed Protection Plan 6 Executive Summary Comox Lake supplies the Comox Valley Regional District with its main source • Wildfire of drinking water. The objective of this Watershed Protection Plan is to guide the • Off Road Vehicle use (ATV’s, side-by-sides, dirt bikes, snowmobiles) management of the Comox Lake Watershed for the long-term protection of drinking off of maintained roads water at the highest possible quality. The plan was developed in close consultation • Flooding on the order of a 100- to 200- year event with the Comox Lake Watershed Advisory Group which is comprised of land-owners, regulators and technical advisors. A risk assessment was conducted to update both High Risk Rating natural and human-caused risks in the context of a deep-water intake in Comox Lake. • Drought This assessment formed the basis of fifty-four recommendations that are intended to act • Intentional harm to the water source or watershed as a road map to a comprehensive watershed management program. • Earthquake resulting in the loss of the BC Hydro Dam After considering protective barriers already in place, the hazards that posed the • Aircraft accident on Comox Lake greatest risks to water quality were: • Sewage management facilities • Body contact recreation on Comox Lake (parasites and viruses) Very High Risk Rating • Trails and non-motorized trail use (hiking, mountain biking, horse riding, cross-country skiing and snowshoeing) • Camping in undesignated areas in the watershed, especially near the • Timber harvesting- cutblock location and extent lakeshore or other riparian areas • Wildlife contamination of Comox Lake • Augmentation/concentration of streamflows Comox Lake Watershed Protection Plan 7 Key Recommendations: • The CVRD should dedicate the resources required to support implementation • The Watershed Advisory Group should meet at least semi-annually and continue of the Watershed Protection Plan. A full time watershed protection coordinator to advise and support the implementation and adaptation of the Watershed should be hired to oversee the implementation of the plan. Protection Plan. • A comprehensive water quality monitoring program should be developed and • No new development, including highway development, should occur in the Comox implemented which includes both the lake and major tributaries. A robust Lake Watershed. monitoring program to fill data and knowledge gaps, and allow for proper resource • Camping outside of designated campgrounds should not
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