Gerenciamento De Pacotes No Debian Em Uma Folha

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Gerenciamento De Pacotes No Debian Em Uma Folha satisfazer as novas dependências. contidos em sources.list. A atualização da base de dpkg -c <pacote> Mostra o conteúdo do pacote. dados é feita em conjunto com o pacote "curl", que apt-get clean Limpa a cache de pacotes do precisa ser instalado também, mesmo não sendo Gerenciamento dpkg -s <pacote> Mostra o estado do pacote. sistema (/var/cache/apt/archives). dependência de apt-file. apt-file update Sincroniza a base de dados do apt- de Pacotes no dpkg -S <padrão> Procura por um pacote a partir dos apt-get autoclean Funciona semelhantemente ao file. pacotes instalados. apt-get clean. A diferença é que apaga do cache Debian em somente os pacotes que não podem mais ser baixados (versões antigas de pacotes). apt-file search <arquivo> Busca por um pacote dpkg -C Procura pacotes que foram parcialmente através de um arquivo integrante. Uma Folha instalados. O dpkg sugerirá o que fazer para que /etc/apt/sources.list Arquivo com a lista dos funcionem. servidores de pacotes utilizados. apt-file list <pacote> Lista todos os arquivos contido dpkg --get-selections <padrão> Obtém uma lista dos em um pacote. Pacote .deb /etc/apt/apt.conf Arquivo de configuração do pacotes instalados que contenham <padrão> no nome. APT. O sistema de pacotes do Debian utiliza Caracteres coringas como * e ? podem ser utilizados. Consertando dependências: pacotes com extensão .deb. Trata-se de arquivos apt-cache compactados contendo os arquivos dos programas em dpkg-reconfigure <pacote> Reconfigura um pacote Problemas de conflitos entre dependências questão (binários e configuração), juntamente com instalado. ou instalações interrompidas podem ocorrer algumas arquivos de controle para o gerenciamento de pacotes. apt-cache search <padrão> Procura pacotes e vezes impossibilitando a instalação de novos pacotes. A maioria desses pacotes podem ser adquiridos dos /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg Arquivo de configuração do descrições por <padrão>. Quando ocorre algum erro deste tipo, o sistema servidores APT espalhados pelo mundo através do dpkg. geralmente imprime uma mensagem na tela, famigerado comando apt-get. /var/lib/dpkg/available Lista de pacotes apt-cache show <pacote> Retorna a descrição aconselhando a execução dos seguintes comandos, capazes de resolver esses conflitos: disponíveis. completa de <pacote>. dpkg /var/lib/dpkg/status Contém o estado dos pacotes apt-get install -f disponíveis. apt-cache showpkg <pacote> Retorna mais detalhes sobre <pacote> e seu relacionamento com É a base do sistema de pacotes do Debian, outros pacotes. apt-get upgrade -f e classificado como um ferramenta de nível médio APT (Advanced Package Tool) para gerência de pacotes. Usado para instalação e apt-cache depends <pacote> Retorna os pacotes que apt-get dist-upgrade -f remoção de pacotes primitivamente: é necessário apt-get primeiro obter os pacotes manualmente de algum são dependência de <pacote> repositório para depois instalar, e não instala as dpkg --configure -a dependências dos pacotes automaticamente. A apt-get update Atualiza a lista de pacotes apt-cdrom disponíveis nos servidores. Deve ser executado antes evolução desse sistema de instalação é o apt-get. Pacotes Órfãos de começar a instalar ou atualizar pacotes, e sempre Usado para adicionar um novo CDROM na que o arquivo sources.list for modificado. lista de servidores de pacotes (/etc/sources.list). Dessa dpkg -i <pacote> Instala um pacote. Pacotes órfãos são aqueles que foram forma, o comando apt-get pode instalar pacotes instalados no sistema por serem dependência de outros apt-get install <pacote> Instala, ou atualiza contidos no CDROM. dpkg -r <pacote> Desinstala um pacote. um pacote e todas as suas dependências. pacotes, e que permaneceram no sistema após a remoção destes. Como não possuem mais utilidade, apt-cdrom add Adiciona o CDROM à sources.list . dpkg -P <pacote> Desinstala um pacote e seus apt-get remove [--purge] <pacote> Remove podem ser removidos, mantendo o sistema mais Isto desmontará o dispositivo de CDROM, pedirá enxuto. arquivos de configuração. um pacote e todos os outros pacotes que dependam para inserir o CD de pacotes, e então varrerá o CD em dele. A opção --purge faz com que os arquivos de busca dos arquivos de índice. deborphan Mostra na tela uma lista contendo os dpkg -l <padrão> Lista pacotes que combinam com configuração do pacote sejam removidos também. pacotes órfãos do sistema. Por padrão, procura <padrão>. apt-file apt-get upgrade Atualiza todos os pacotes do exclusivamente por bibliotecas (libs), mas se pode modificar este comportamento com alguns parâmetros dpkg -L <pacote> Lista arquivos instalados no sistema, exceto aqueles que possuam mudanças em Ferramenta para busca de pacotes através especiais. suas dependências. Dependências novas não serão sistema a partir de <pacote> de arquivos contidos no pacote. É semelhante ao uso instaladas e o pacote não será atualizado. de "dpkg -S", porém devolve pacotes não instalados orphaner É um front-end para o deborphan. Utiliza dpkg -I <pacote> Mostra informações sobre o também. Para isso, possui uma base de dados com apt-get dist-upgrade Semelhante ao apt- um sistema de janelas em modo texto, facilitando a pacote. informações sobre cada pacote dos servidores seleção dos pacotes órfãos que devem ser removidos. get upgrade, porém instala e remove pacotes para Por Jonathan Meller - [email protected] - http://www.guiadohardware.net as informações de sorces.list . localepurge. Oferece uma interface de janelas, em o dpkg. Oferece a opção de configurar de onde se quer Sistema Misto modo texto, para selecionar as localidades que devem obter os pacotes: cdrom, nfs, partição não montada, auto-apt update-local Gera uma base de dados com permanecer no sistema. partição montada, floppy ou apt (file, http e ftp). Os menus para seleção dos pacotes, juntamente com o Um sistema Debian pode ser formado por informações relativas aos pacotes já instalados. conjunto de teclas de ações não são muito intuitivos. pacotes de suas diferentes distribuições (stable, testing /etc/locale.nopurge Arquivo onde ficam as Sua principal função era ajudar no gerenciamento de e unstable), caracterizando um sistema misto. Basta alien localidades escolhidas para permanecer no sistema. dependências, mas o apt-get eliminou esse problema, que se tenha servidores para cada uma delas no Pode ser editado manualmente. deixando o uso do dselect apenas para os apaixonados arquivo sources.list para que se possa instalar pacotes Converte e Instala pacotes de outros tipos por essa ferramenta. de quaisquer distribuição. (rpm, tgz, slp) no Debian. Front-Ends para o dpkg e o apt-get Aptitude Front-end textual para gerência de pacotes apt-get -t [stable|testing|unstable] install <pacote> alien --to-deb <pacote-estrangeiro> Converte um Os Front-Ends são interfaces mais mais atual. Pode ser usado como uma interface visual Instala o pacote da distribuição definida pelo "-t" . pacote estrangeiro em um <pacote.deb>. Após a amigáveis (user-friendly), desenvolvidas para reduzir em modo texto, ou em linha de comando. É mais Caso o parâmetro "-t" não seja informado, o apt conversão, utiliza-se o dpkg para instalar. a necessidade do uso de linha de comando para as organizado e intuitivo que o dselect, separando os instalará o pacote da distribuição padrão do sistema, tarefas de administração de pacotes. Iniciantes tendem pacotes por estado em um primeiro nível, e por seção definida em /etc/apt/apt.conf . alien -i <pacote-estrangeiro> Instala um pacote a utilizar estas ferramentas, pois disponibilizam os no nível seguinte. estrangeiro diretamente no sistema. A conversão [--to- pacotes separados por categorias, proporcionando uma apt-get install <pacote>/[stable|testing|unstable] deb] é padrão, não precisando especificá-la. busca mais intuitiva. Usuários mais ágeis e Wajig É um wrapper para vários comandos de Faz a mesma coisa que o comando anterior, porém em Instalando desta maneira, o processo de conversão se experientes, ao contrario, preferem a velocidade do gerência de pacotes e administração de serviços no sintaxe diferente. torna transparente. apt-get. Os mais populares são os seguintes: Debian. A idéia é que o usuário não precise se lembrar de vários comandos (apt-get, apt-cache, dpkg, etc), /etc/apt/apt.conf Para definir uma distribuição netselect Synaptic Uma das mais completas e amigáveis padrão para o sistema, deve-se inserir a seguinte linha interfaces gráficas para o APT. O administrador pode deixando que o wajig selecione o comando de controle nesse arquivo de configuração: ver os pacotes separadamente por seções (Base apropriado. Os comandos tem nomes intuitivos, netselect -vv <servidores> Identifica o servidor de APT::Default-Release "testing"; System, Multimedia, Networking, etc) e por estado semelhantes aos dos próprios programas originais. pacotes mais rápido. (Instalado, Não Instalado, Atualizável). Ainda é apt-show-versions Lista as versões dos pacotes possível atualizar a lista de pacotes (apt-get update), wajig help Lista os comandos mais comuns. netselect-apt [distribuição] Cria o arquivo instalados e o estado (atualizado ou atualizável). configurar o sources.list, instalar pacotes de um cdrom wajig commands Lista todos os comandos do sources.list automaticamente utilizando os servidores (apt-cdrom), consertar conflitos de dependências e wajig. apt-show-versions -a Lista todas as versões de pacotes mais rápidos para main e non-Us. Se a escolher entre atualização normal de pacotes (apt-get disponíveis dos pacotes. distribuição não for especificada, stable é utilizada. O upgrade) ou inteligente (apt-get dist-upgrade), entre Referências: apt-show-versions -u Lista as versões de todos os arquivo sources.list é criado no diretório atual. outras funções e configurações. Desenvolvida pacotes instalados que sejam atualizáveis. utilizando GTK+, as mesmas bibliotecas do Gnome. - Man Pages localepurge - Referência Debian (www.debian.org/doc) apt-show-versions -p <pacote> Lista a versão de Kpackage Interface gráfica desenvolvida com as - Como Usar o Apt (www.debian.org/doc) <pacote>. Remove dados supérfluos de localidade bibliotecas Qt, as mesmas do KDE. Separa os pacotes apt-show-versions -a -p <pacote> Lista todas as automaticamente liberando espaço em disco.
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