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Annelida: Polychaeta) Associated to Thalassia Testudinum at Boca Del Río Bay, Nueva Eesparta, Venezuela

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Annelida: Polychaeta) Associated to Thalassia Testudinum at Boca Del Río Bay, Nueva Eesparta, Venezuela New records of polychaetes (Annelida: Polychaeta) associated to Thalassia testudinum at Boca del Río bay, Nueva Eesparta, Venezuela VERÓNICA GÓMEZ-PAIVA1*, OSCAR DÍAZ DÍAZ2, BEATRIZ RÍOS-ROJAS1 & ROBERTA CRESCINI3 1Universidad de Oriente, Escuela de Ciencias Aplicadas del Mar. Boca del Río, isla de Margarita 6304 Venezuela. 2Universidad de Oriente, Instituto Oceanográfico de Venezuela. Laboratorio de Biología de Poliquetos. Cumana 6101, Venezuela. 3Plancton Andino SPA, Castro Chiloè 5700000, Chile. *Corresponding autor: [email protected] Abstract. Studies about polychaetes associated with Thalassia testudinum meadows in Venezuela are scarce, only four studies have been done. In order to increase knowledge about the polychaetes associated to this phanerogam, sampling was carried out in a seagrass bed located in Boca del Rio bay (Nueva Esparta state, Venezuela), using a PVC core (10.3 cm diameter) from October to December 2013. Two hundred fifty-six polychaete worms were collected and examined. The specimens belonging to nine families, 18 genera and 22 species, seven of which are new records for Venezuela (Euclymene coronata, Nicomache antillensis, Eunice goodei, E. unifrons, Marphysa minima, M. longula, and Parasabella jamaicensi). Neoleprea genus is a first record for the country. Key words: taxonomy, biodiversity, infauna, seagrass, benthos. Resumen. Nuevos reportes de poliquetos (Polychaeta, Annelida) asociados a Thalassia testudinum en la bahía de Boca del Rio, Nueva Esparta, Venezuela. Los estudios sobre los poliquetos asociados a praderas de Thalassia testudinum en Venezuela son escasos, sólo cuatro investigaciones se han hecho hasta el presente. Con el fin de aumentar el conocimiento sobre los poliquetos asociados a esta fanerógama se realizaron muestreos en una pradera situada en la bahía de Boca del Río (estado Nueva Esparta, Venezuela), empleando un nucleador de PVC (10,3 cm de diámetro), de octubre a diciembre de 2013. Doscientos cincuenta y seis poliquetos fueron recolectados y examinados. Los ejemplares pertenecen a nueve familias, 18 géneros y 22 especies, siete de éstas especies constituyen nuevo registro para Venezuela (Euclymene coronata, Nicomache antillensis, Eunice goodei, E. unifrons, Marphysa minima, M. longula, y Parasabella jamaicensi). El género Neoleprea se registra por primera vez para el país. Palabras clave: taxonomía, biodiversidad, infauna, praderas, bentos. Introduction 2011). They have colonized all substrates preferring Polychaete worms has colonized all substrates from sandy bottoms with little to moderate amount like rocks, sand, mud, seagrass beds and others; of organic matter, to muddy bottoms with abundance where they are important because of their of detritus. Even flowery seagrass bottoms are physiology, energy intake, and response to inhabited by numerous species, both wandering and disturbance agents such as pollution indicators sedentary (Liñero & Díaz 2011). (Fauchald 1977a, Solis-Weiss 1997, Liñero & Díaz There are more than 9000 species spread over Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2016), 11(2): 113-122 114 V. GÓMEZ-PAIVA ET AL. more than 80 recognized families (Rouse & Pleijel were dissected. The images were captured with a 2001), but this number is constantly growing. For camera Casio Exilim and vectorized with Adobe the Caribbean Sea region have been recorded over Ilustrator Cs6 software®. All specimens were 1240 species, 447 genera, 69 families and an deposited in the reference collection of the estimated of 500-600 species remain to be described, Laboratorio de Biología de Poliquetos (LBP) at the Salazar-Vallejo (1996). In Venezuela, the taxonomic Instituto Oceanográfico de Venezuela. The knowledge about this group is very low and only polychaete specimens were identified using the about 43 families, 192 genera and 382 species of regional keys (Uebelacker 1984, Fauchald 1992, polychaetes have been identified until now (Liñero Salazar-Vallejo & Carrera-Parra 1997, Santos & & Díaz 2009). Mackie 2008, Tovar-Hernández 2008, Carrera-Parra For the Nueva Esparta state, are known the 2009, Salazar-Vallejo & Díaz-Díaz 2009, researches of Hartman (1944), Díaz et al. (2009), Tovar-Hernández 2009, Liñero-Arana & Díaz 2010); Díaz & Ríos (2014) and Ríos et al. (2014), who while the taxonomic arrangement was made recorded 60 species approximately. Only four according to the Fauchald proposal (1977b), based studies about polychaetes associated with Thalassia on phylogenetic ideas in Fauchald (1974). In this testudinum has been made in Venezuela (San Martín paper only new records for Venezuela were & Bone 2001, Bone & Viéitez 2002, Bone & San characterized. Martin 2003 and Liñero & Díaz 2006). Liñero & Díaz (2011) report that in the tropics, given the stable environmental conditions and the formation of many biotopes, is expected a considerable number of polychaetes species is considerable. To increase the biodiversity knowledge in Venezuela a taxonomic study about polychaete species associated to T. testudinum was made in the Boca del Rio bay, Nueva Esparta state. Materials and Methods Study area: Boca del Rio bay (10º 55’ N; 64º11’ O) is located at southeast of Margarita island, Venezuela Figure 1. Sampling area in Boca del Río bay, Margarita (Fig. 1). It’s an area of shallow water influenced by Island Venezuela (red arrow). the nutrient inputs and the high salinity water from the La Restinga lagoon. It’s also affected by coastal Results upwelling processes, especially in the first months of A total of 256 polychaetes specimens were the year (Valerio et al. 2014). The study area is found and examined, 22 species, in nine families, characterized for having a seagrass bed covered were identified (Table I): Euclymene coronata, bottom of Thalassia testudinum a sandy-muddy Nicomache antillensis, Eunice goodei, E. unifrons, sediment and Rhizophora mangle at the northeast Marphysa minima, M. longula, and Parasabella coast. jamaicensi are new records for Venezuela; and Neoleprea genus is recorded for the first time for the Methodology country. These results increase the knowledge about The samples were collected from during marine polychaete biodiversity at the continental October to December 2013, to a depth of 0.5-1.5 m shelf of Venezuela. using a core of 10.3 cm diameter. The samples were Family: Maldanidae Malmgren, 1867 sieved with a 0.5 mm mesh opening sieve. Genus: Euclymene Verril, 1900 Polychaetes were separated from the rest of the Euclymene coronata Verril, 1900 organic material and placed in plastic containers Figure 2a-i with seawater to be carried to the laboratory. Euclymene coronata Jiménez-Cueto & Polychaetes were relaxed, fixed and preserved Salazar-Vallejo 1997: 1469, 1472: Figs. 7a-c; following the methodology described by Salazar-Vallejo & Díaz-Díaz 2009: 298, 305, Fig. Liñero-Arana & Díaz-Díaz (2011). They were 3a. examined using compound and stereoscopic Material examined. Nineteen fragmented specimens. microscopes and structures with taxonomic value Description. All specimens fragmented. The best Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2016), 11(2): 113-122 New records of polychaetes from Venezuela 115 preserved specimen with 70 mm in length and 5 mm in Material examined. Nine fragmented specimens. with. Fourteen chaetigers. Prostomium with prominent Description. The best preserved specimen reached 27 cephalic margin with two lateral notches and eight mm in length and 3mm wide. Ten chaetigers. nuchals crenulations (Fig. 2a-c). The first three Prostomium with inverted “V”-shaped nuchal organs. chaetigers with a large acicular spine (Fig. 2d) and next Cephalic keel underdeveloped (Fig. 2j). Capillary, parapodia with 18-2 0rostrate barbulated hooks (Fig. bilimbates and spinuloses notochaetae (Fig. 2k). 2e-f). Bilimbate notochaetae (Fig. 2g). With two Neuropodia with 3-5 acicular hooks on chaetigers 1-3, achaetous pre-anal segments (Fig. 2h). Anal plate with (Fig. 2l) and in the next has four; from chaetiger four 28-30 large and small cirrus, the mid-ventral cirrus are has 13 rostrate hook barbulated (Fig. 2m) up to 20 a slightly longer than the others (Fig. 2i). hooks in the posterior segments. Two pre-anal Remarks. Euclymene coronata is similar to E. segments achaetous (Fig. 2n) and pygidium presents rubrocincta and E. tropica. The main difference is that 18-22 anal cirrus (Fig. 2ñ). E. rubrocincta has four lobes on the posterior margin Remarks. This species has been recorded to Baja of the cephalic plate notches, while E. coronata has California (Jiménez-Cueto & Salazar-Vallejo 1997; De eight. Euclymene tropica differs in that it has a keel Assis et al. 2007); however, the presence of this mid-ventral (Salazar-Vallejo & Díaz-Díaz 2009). species in the Pacific Ocean is questionable Distribution. Mexico. From Bermuda to northwest (Salazar-Vallejo & Díaz-Díaz 2009), because the type Caribbean Sea (Jiménez-Cueto & Salazar-Vallejo locality is Antigua (Caribbean Sea) and the Baja 1997). First record for Venezuela. California record was based on a single specimen, and has not been recorded again. Nicomache antillensis is Genus: Nicomache Malmgren, 1865 similar to N. carinata but differs in that N. carinata has Nicomache antillensis Augener, 1922 a acicular spine in the first segment. Nicomache Figure 2j-ñ antillensis also is similar to N. lanai, but differs by Nicomache antillensis Jiménez-Cueto & having annals cirrus of equal size while N. lanai has Salazar-Vallejo 1997: 1462-1463, 1466, Fig. 3a-e; buds of different size and presents 4, 5 and 7 acicular
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