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Computer Analysis of World Chess Champions 65
Computer Analysis of World Chess Champions 65 COMPUTER ANALYSIS OF WORLD CHESS CHAMPIONS1 Matej Guid2 and Ivan Bratko2 Ljubljana, Slovenia ABSTRACT Who is the best chess player of all time? Chess players are often interested in this question that has never been answered authoritatively, because it requires a comparison between chess players of different eras who never met across the board. In this contribution, we attempt to make such a comparison. It is based on the evaluation of the games played by the World Chess Champions in their championship matches. The evaluation is performed by the chess-playing program CRAFTY. For this purpose we slightly adapted CRAFTY. Our analysis takes into account the differences in players' styles to compensate the fact that calm positional players in their typical games have less chance to commit gross tactical errors than aggressive tactical players. Therefore, we designed a method to assess the difculty of positions. Some of the results of this computer analysis might be quite surprising. Overall, the results can be nicely interpreted by a chess expert. 1. INTRODUCTION Who is the best chess player of all time? This is a frequently posed and interesting question, to which there is no well founded, objective answer, because it requires a comparison between chess players of different eras who never met across the board. With the emergence of high-quality chess programs a possibility of such an objective comparison arises. However, so far computers were mostly used as a tool for statistical analysis of the players' results. Such statistical analyses often do neither reect the true strengths of the players, nor do they reect their quality of play. -
+P+-+K+- +-+-+-+- B -+-+P+-+ W -+-+-+-+ Zlw-+P+R +-+-+-Z- P+-+N+Q+ P+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+- Z-+K+-+- -+-+-TP+ Kwqs-Z-S +-+-+RM- +-+-+-+
Contents Symbols 4 Introduction 5 Part 1: The Basics 1 Pin 7 2 Deflection 16 3 Overload 23 4 Decoy 28 5 Double Attack 36 6 Knight Fork 44 7 Discovered Attack 50 8 Clearance 56 9 Obstruction 64 10 Removing the Defender 71 11 The Power of the Pawn 77 12 Back-Rank Mate 85 13 Stalemate 91 14 Perpetual Check and Fortresses 96 Part 2: Advanced Tactics 15 f7: Weak by Presumption 103 16 The Vulnerable Rook’s Pawn 111 17 Attacking the Fianchetto 118 18 The Mystery of the Opposite-Coloured Bishops 125 19 Chess Highways: Open Files 131 20 Trapping a Piece 141 21 Practice Makes Perfect 149 Solutions 158 Index of Players 188 Index of Composers 191 KNIGHT FORK 6 Knight Fork The knight is considered to be the least powerful White is now a queen and two rooks down – piece in chess (besides the pawn, of course). As a deficit of approximately 19 ‘pawns’. His only the great world champion Jose Raul Capablanca remaining piece is a knight. But a brave one... taught us, the other minor piece, the bishop, is 3 Ìe3+ Êf6 4 Ìxd5+ Êf5 5 Ìxe7+ Êf6 6 better in 90% of cases. However, due to its spe- Ìxg8+ (D) cific qualities the knight is a tremendously dan- gerous piece. It is nimble and its jumps can be -+-+-+N+ quite shocking. That is why a double attack by a +-+-+p+- knight is usually distinguished from other dou- B ble attacks and called a fork. -+-+nm-M +-+-z-+- A single knight may cause incredible dam- age in the right circumstances: -+-+-+-+ +-+-+PZ- -+-+-+q+ -+-+-+-+ +-+r+p+- +-+-+-+- W -+N+nm-M +-+rz-+- The knight has managed to remove most of Black’s army. -
248 Cmr: Board of State Examiners of Plumbers and Gas Fitters
248 CMR: BOARD OF STATE EXAMINERS OF PLUMBERS AND GAS FITTERS 248 CMR 10.00: UNIFORM STATE PLUMBING CODE Section 10.01: Scope and Jurisdiction 10.02: Basic Principles 10.03: Definitions 10.04: Testing and Safety 10.05: General Regulations 10.06: Materials 10.07: Joints and Connections 10.08: Traps and Cleanouts 10.09: Interceptors, Separators, and Holding Tanks 10.10: Plumbing Fixtures 10.11: Hangers and Supports 10.12: Indirect Waste Piping 10.13: Piping and Treatment of Special Hazardous Wastes 10.14: Water Supply and the Water Distribution System 10.15: Sanitary Drainage System 10.16: Vents and Venting 10.17: Storm Drains 10.18: Hospital Fixtures 10.19: Plumbing in Manufactured Homes and Construction Trailers 10.20: Public and Semi-public Swimming Pools 10.21: Boiler Blow-off Tank 10.22: Figures 10.23: Vacuum Drainage Systems 10.01: Scope and Jurisdiction (1) Scope. 248 CMR 10.00 governs the requirements for the installation, alteration, removal, replacement, repair, or construction of all plumbing. (2) Jurisdiction. (a) Nothing in 248 CMR 10.00 shall be construed as applying to: 1. refrigeration; 2. heating; 3. cooling; 4. ventilation or fire sprinkler systems beyond the point where a direct connection is made with the potable water distribution system. (b) Sanitary drains, storm water drains, hazardous waste drainage systems, dedicated systems, potable and non-potable water supply lines and other connections shall be subject to 248 CMR 10.00. 10.02: Basic Principles Founding of Principles. 248 CMR 10.00 is founded upon basic principles which hold that public health, environmental sanitation, and safety can only be achieved through properly designed, acceptably installed, and adequately maintained plumbing systems. -
Checkers for the Three-Move Expert
Checkers for the QRRRRRRRRS TEA1EA2EA3EA4U TA5EA6EA7EA8EU TE 9EA!0E !1EA!2U T !3E !4E !5E !6EU TEB!7EA!8E !9E @0U TB@1E @2E @3EB@4EU TEB@5EB@6EB@7EB@8U TB@9EB#0EB#1EB#2EU VWWWWWWWWX 3-Move Expert (Balanced Ballots) By Richard Pask 1 © Richard Pask 2020 2 Checkers for the 3-Move Expert (Balanced Ballots) Logical Checkers Book 4 By Richard Pask 3 Table of Contents Introduction to Logical Checkers Book 4 7 Endgame Chapter 22: Man-Down Endgames 10 Lesson 206: Fourth Position (Black man on 21) Lesson 207: Payne’s Single-Corner Draw (Black man on 13) Lesson 208: Third Position (Black man on 5) Lesson 209: Barker’s Triangle (Black man on 5) Lesson 210: Strickland’s Position (Black man on 5) Lesson 211: Payne’s Double-Corner Draw (Black man on 28) Lesson 212: Roger’s Draw (Black man on 20) Lesson 213: Howard’s Draw (Black man on 12) Lesson 214: Holding on the Left or the Right? Lesson 215: McCulloch’s Draw (Black men on 5 and 12, White man on 20) Lesson 216: Miller’s Draw (Black men on 4 and 5, White man on 13) Lesson 217: Dr Brown’s Draw (Black men on 5 and 13) Lesson 218: Sinclair’s Draw (Black men on 4 and 12) Chapter 23: Endgame Themes 43 Lesson 219: Self-Imposed 2 for 1 Lesson 220: Flotation Lesson 221: Single-Corner Grip Lesson 222: Major Grip Lesson 223: The Sentinel Lesson 224: Masked Steal Lesson 225: The Push-Away Lesson 226: The Square of Exchange Lesson 227: Perpetual Check Lesson 228: Masked 2 for 1 Lesson 229: Threat and execution Lesson 230: Double-Corner grip 4 Midgame Chapter 24: Midgame Themes 90 Lesson 231: The Outpost Man -
Chess-Training-Guide.Pdf
Q Chess Training Guide K for Teachers and Parents Created by Grandmaster Susan Polgar U.S. Chess Hall of Fame Inductee President and Founder of the Susan Polgar Foundation Director of SPICE (Susan Polgar Institute for Chess Excellence) at Webster University FIDE Senior Chess Trainer 2006 Women’s World Chess Cup Champion Winner of 4 Women’s World Chess Championships The only World Champion in history to win the Triple-Crown (Blitz, Rapid and Classical) 12 Olympic Medals (5 Gold, 4 Silver, 3 Bronze) 3-time US Open Blitz Champion #1 ranked woman player in the United States Ranked #1 in the world at age 15 and in the top 3 for about 25 consecutive years 1st woman in history to qualify for the Men’s World Championship 1st woman in history to earn the Grandmaster title 1st woman in history to coach a Men's Division I team to 7 consecutive Final Four Championships 1st woman in history to coach the #1 ranked Men's Division I team in the nation pnlrqk KQRLNP Get Smart! Play Chess! www.ChessDailyNews.com www.twitter.com/SusanPolgar www.facebook.com/SusanPolgarChess www.instagram.com/SusanPolgarChess www.SusanPolgar.com www.SusanPolgarFoundation.org SPF Chess Training Program for Teachers © Page 1 7/2/2019 Lesson 1 Lesson goals: Excite kids about the fun game of chess Relate the cool history of chess Incorporate chess with education: Learning about India and Persia Incorporate chess with education: Learning about the chess board and its coordinates Who invented chess and why? Talk about India / Persia – connects to Geography Tell the story of “seed”. -
Chess Mag - 21 6 10 18/09/2020 14:01 Page 3
01-01 Cover - October 2020_Layout 1 18/09/2020 14:00 Page 1 03-03 Contents_Chess mag - 21_6_10 18/09/2020 14:01 Page 3 Chess Contents Founding Editor: B.H. Wood, OBE. M.Sc † Executive Editor: Malcolm Pein Editorial....................................................................................................................4 Editors: Richard Palliser, Matt Read Malcolm Pein on the latest developments in the game Associate Editor: John Saunders Subscriptions Manager: Paul Harrington 60 Seconds with...Peter Wells.......................................................................7 Twitter: @CHESS_Magazine The acclaimed author, coach and GM still very much likes to play Twitter: @TelegraphChess - Malcolm Pein Website: www.chess.co.uk Online Drama .........................................................................................................8 Danny Gormally presents some highlights of the vast Online Olympiad Subscription Rates: United Kingdom Carlsen Prevails - Just ....................................................................................14 1 year (12 issues) £49.95 Nakamura pushed Magnus all the way in the final of his own Tour 2 year (24 issues) £89.95 Find the Winning Moves.................................................................................18 3 year (36 issues) £125 Can you do as well as the acclaimed field in the Legends of Chess? Europe 1 year (12 issues) £60 Opening Surprises ............................................................................................22 2 year (24 issues) £112.50 -
Vasily Smyslov
Vasily Smyslov Volume I The Early Years: 1921-1948 Andrey Terekhov Foreword by Peter Svidler Smyslov’s Endgames by Karsten Müller 2020 Russell Enterprises, Inc. Milford, CT USA 1 1 Vasily Smyslov Volume I The Early Years: 1921-1948 ISBN: 978-1-949859-24-9 (print) ISBN: 949859-25-6 (eBook) © Copyright 2020 Andrey Terekhov All Rights Reserved No part of this book may be used, reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any manner or form whatsoever or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the express written permission from the publisher except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. Published by: Russell Enterprises, Inc. P.O. Box 3131 Milford, CT 06460 USA http://www.russell-enterprises.com [email protected] Cover by Fierce Ponies Printed in the United States of America 2 Table of Contents Introduction 6 Acknowledgments 9 Foreword by Peter Svidler 11 Signs and Symbols 13 Chapter 1. First Steps – 1935-37 14 Parents and Childhood 14 Chess Education at Home 18 The First Tournaments 22 The First Publications 26 The First Victories over Masters 34 Chapter 1: Games 41 Chapter 2. The Breakthrough Year – 1938 49 USSR Junior Championship 49 The First Adult Tournaments 53 The Higher Education Quandary 54 Candidate Master 56 1938 Moscow Championship 62 Chapter 2: Games 67 Chapter 3. The Young Master – 1939-40 80 1939 Leningrad/Moscow Training Tournament 80 The Run-Up to the 1940 USSR championship 87 Chapter 3: Games 91 Chapter 4. Third in the Soviet Union – 1940 118 World Politics and Chess 118 Pre-Tournament Forecasts 121 Round-By-Round Overview 126 After the Tournament 146 Chapter 4: Games 151 3 Chapter 5. -
April 2021 COLORADO CHESS INFORMANT
Volume 48, Number 2 COLORADO STATE CHESS ASSOCIATION April 2021 COLORADO CHESS INFORMANT COLORADO SCHOLASTIC ONLINE CHAMPIONSHIP Volume 48, Number 2 Colorado Chess Informant April 2021 From the Editor With measured steps, the Colorado chess scene may just be com- ing back to life. It has been announced that the Colorado Open has been sched- uled for Labor Day weekend this year - albeit with safety proto- cols in place. Be sure to check out the website as the date nears (www.ColoradoChess.com) because as we are aware, things The Colorado State Chess Association, Incorporated, is a could change. The Denver Chess Club has also announced a Section 501(C)(3) tax exempt, non-profit educational corpora- tournament in June of this year - go to their website tion formed to promote chess in Colorado. Contributions are (www.DenverChess.com) for more information on that one. tax deductible. It is with a heavy heart and profound sadness that a friend and Dues are $15 a year. Youth (under 20) and Senior (65 or older) ‘chess bud’ of mine has passed away. Not long after his 70th memberships are $10. Family memberships are available to birthday in January, Michael Wokurka collapsed at his home on additional family members for $3 off the regular dues. Scholas- the 22nd - and never regained consciousness. No prior warning tic tournament membership is available for $3. or health issues were known. His obituary online is listed here: ● Send address changes to - Attn: Alexander Freeman to the https://tinyurl.com/2rz9zrca. He loved the game of chess, and email address [email protected]. -
The King's Indian Attack
Neil McDonald The King’s Indian attack move by move www.everymanchess.com About the Author English Grandmaster Neil McDonald has firmly established himself as one of the world's leading chess writers, with many outstanding works to his name. He is also a respected chess coach, who has trained many of the UK's strongest junior players. Also by the author: Break the Rules! Chess Secrets: The Giants of Power Play Chess Secrets: The Giants of Strategy Concise Chess Endings Concise Chess Middlegames Concise Chess Openings Dutch Leningrad French Winawer How to Play against 1 e4 Main Line Caro Kann Modern Defence Play the Dutch Positional Sacrifices Practical Endgame Play Rudolf Spielmann: Master of Invention Starting Out: 1 e4 Starting Out: Queen's Gambit Declined Starting Out: The Dutch Defence Starting Out: The English Starting Out: The Réti The Ruy Lopez: Move by Move Contents About the Author 3 Introduction 5 1 KIA versus the French 7 2 KIA versus the Sicilian 70 3 KIA versus the Caro-Kann 118 4 KIA versus the Reversed King’s Indian Defence 162 5 KIA versus the ...Íf5 System 186 6 KIA versus the ...Íg4 System 240 7 KIA versus the Queen’s Indian 299 8 KIA versus the Dutch (and King’s Indian) 322 Index of Variations 344 Index of Complete Games 350 Introduction The King’s Indian Attack (or KIA) is a flexible opening system that can be employed by White after 1 Ìf3 or against the French, Sicilian, and Caro-Kann if he chooses to begin with 1 e4. -
Margate Chess Congress (1923, 1935 – 1939)
Margate Chess Congress (1923, 1935 – 1939) Margate is a seaside town and resort in the district of Thanet in Kent, England, on the coast along the North Foreland and contains the areas of Cliftonville, Garlinge, Palm Bay and Westbrook. Margate Clock Tower. Oast House Archive Margate, a photochrom print of Margate Harbour in 1897. Wikipedia The chess club at Margate, held five consecutive international tournaments from spring 1935 to spring 1939, three to five of the strongest international masters were invited to play in a round robin with the strongest british players (including Women’s reigning World Championne Vera Menchik, as well as British master players Milner-Barry and Thomas, they were invited in all five editions!), including notable "Reserve sections". Plus a strong Prequel in 1923. Record twice winner is Keres. Capablanca took part three times at Margate, but could never win! Margate tournament history Margate 1923 Kent County Chess Association Congress, Master Tournament (Prequel of the series) 1. Grünfeld, 2.-5. Michell, Alekhine, Muffang, Bogoljubov (8 players, including Réti) http://storiascacchi.altervista.org/storiascacchi/tornei/1900-49/1923margate.htm There was already a today somehow forgotten Grand Tournament at Margate in 1923, Grünfeld won unbeaten and as clear first (four of the eight invited players, namely Alekhine, Bogoljubov, Grünfeld, and Réti, were then top twelve ranked according to chessmetrics). André Muffang from France (IM in 1951) won the blitz competition there ahead of Alekhine! *********************************************************************** Reshevsky playing a simul at age of nine in the year 1920 The New York Times photo archive Margate 1st Easter Congress 1935 1. -
Chess-Sinthome: a New Approach to Bobby Fischer´S Psychosis
l Depre ica ss n io li n C Zirulnik et al, Clin Depress 2016, 2:2 DOI: 10.4172/2572-0791.1000110 Clinical Depression ISSN: 2572-0791 Review Article Open Access Chess-Sinthome: A New Approach To Bobby Fischer´s Psychosis Jorge Luis Zirulnik1* and Miguel Angel Pagano2 1Infectology/ AIDS Unit, J.A.Fernandez Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina 2Neurology Unit, J.A.Fernandez Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina *Corresponding author: Zirulnik JL, Staff Pychiatrist, Infectology/ AIDS Unit, J.A.Fernandez Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Tel: 54-11 58072198; E-mail: [email protected] Received date: April 23, 2016; Accepted date: May 10, 2016; Published date: May 16, 2016 Copyright: © 2016 Zirulnik JL et al., This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract In this brief theoretical work, a new conceptual model is proposed to explain the psychosis of American chess player Bobby Fischer. Based on the pioneering work of psychoanalysts, we introduce the concept of sinthome, taken from the Lacanian topology of the Borromean knot, with its three registers: real, symbolic and imaginary [RSI], and its fourth stabilizer knot at the breaking of the symbolic. Here we call it chess-sinthome to designate the antipsychotic role fulfilled the ultra-competitive chess, in life and in the minds of some great players. Keywords: Psychosis; Psychoanalysis; Sinthome Soviet Chess School, led at that time by Botvinnik. Fischer won the World Championship in 1972 after a final match with the Soviet Boris Introduction Spassky, in the context of the Cold War [3-6]. -
Bearspaw Junior Chess Club Curriculum
Bearspaw Junior Chess Club Curriculum Levels Basic Concepts Checkmates Strategy Tactics • The Pieces • Check • Shrinking the opposing • Escaping from check • How They Move • Checkmate King’s space Run Away, • Setting up the • Stalemate • Creating Escape Squares Block, board Capture Special Moves • Fool’s mate Basic Opening Strategy • Hanging Piece (Piece En Novice • Castling • Scholar’s • Attack the Center with Prise) • Promotion mate Center Pawns Level 2 • En Passant • Solo/Helper • Knights & Bishops out early mates • Castle for King safety • Computer and • Rooks connected Online Chess • Value of pieces • Two Rooks • Attack f7/f2 • Relative Exchanges Novice • Etiquette or Queen • Piece Preferences • Winning the Exchange • Touch move and Rook (outposts, open files, (capturing more or Level 3 • Release move • Back rank batteries, fianchetto, better pieces) • Tournaments mates a Knight on the rim, • Simplify when up • Using clocks hide or centralize the King) material Copyright @ 2018 Bearspaw Junior Chess Club – All Rights Reserved. Bearspaw Junior Chess Club Curriculum Levels Concepts Checkmates Strategy Tactics Intermediate • Notation • King and • Critical Moves • Forks • Phases of the game Queen • Find 3 moves and • Pins Level 4 • Simple Pawn Structure • King and rate them: (Chains, Isolated, Doubled, Passed) Rook - Good, Openings - Better - Best Compare 2 openings: • Giuoco Piano • Fried Liver Attack Intermediate e4-e5 • Queen and Threat Assessment • Skewer • Bishop Bishop 1. His/her Checks… • Discovered Level 5 • Scotch • Queen and and Your Checks Attack • Danish Knight 2. His/her Captures… • Petrov and your Captures 3. His/her Threats… and your Threats Intermediate More e4-e5 • Rook and The Five Elements • Double Check • Ruy Lopez Bishop 1.