AR266-FL38-02 ARI 22 November 2005 19:22 Aerodynamics of Race Cars Joseph Katz Department of Aerospace Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182; email:
[email protected] Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. Key Words 2006. 38:27–63 downforce, inverted wings, ground effect, drag The Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics is online at fluid.annualreviews.org Abstract doi: 10.1146/annurev.fluid. Race car performance depends on elements such as the engine, tires, suspension, 38.050304.092016 road, aerodynamics, and of course the driver. In recent years, however, vehicle aero- Copyright c 2006 by dynamics gained increased attention, mainly due to the utilization of the negative Annual Reviews. All rights lift (downforce) principle, yielding several important performance improvements. reserved This review briefly explains the significance of the aerodynamic downforce and how 0066-4189/06/0115- it improves race car performance. After this short introduction various methods to 0027$20.00 generate downforce such as inverted wings, diffusers, and vortex generators are dis- Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 2006.38:27-63. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org cussed. Due to the complex geometry of these vehicles, the aerodynamic interaction between the various body components is significant, resulting in vortex flows and Access provided by University of Southern California (USC) on 05/14/19. For personal use only. lifting surface shapes unlike traditional airplane wings. Typical design tools such as wind tunnel testing, computational fluid dynamics, and track testing, and their rel- evance to race car development, are discussed as well. In spite of the tremendous progress of these design tools (due to better instrumentation, communication, and computational power), the fluid dynamic phenomenon is still highly nonlinear, and predicting the effect of a particular modification is not always trouble free.