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Freshwater Ostracoda (Crustacea) from the Assynt Region, NW Scotland: New Scottish Records and a Checklist of Scottish Freshwater Species

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Freshwater Ostracoda (Crustacea) from the Assynt Region, NW Scotland: New Scottish Records and a Checklist of Scottish Freshwater Species '' BU LLETIN DE L'INSTITUT ROYAL DES SCIENCES NATURELLES DE BELG IQUE, BIOLOG IE. 76: 111-1 23, 2006 BULLETIN VAN HET KONTNKLIJK BELG ISC H fNST ITUUT VOOR NATUURWETENSC HAPPEN, BIOLOG IE, 76: 111- 123, 2006 Freshwater Ostracoda (Crustacea) from the Assynt region, NW Scotland: new Scottish records and a checklist of Scottish freshwater species by Ian BOOMER, David J. HORNE & Robin J. SMITH Abstract Despite a long hi story of British freshwater ostTacod studies there are few detailed records of faunas from Scottish locali­ Coll ecti ons of liv ing ostracods fro m lochs, pools, streams, springs ti es, particularl y from the area to the north of the Great Glen. and seepages in the area around Loch Assynt, Sutherl and, NW Scot­ The present study aims to fill this geographical gap in our land , provide the first detailed record of these calcareous-shell ed knowledge of British freshwater ostracods, largely on the cru staceans from the Scotti sh mainl and north of the Great Glen, and basis of collections from a single hydrological catchment, the most detail ed regional study fo r any part of Scotland . Surface Loch Assynt. The closest areas for which detailed ostracod conditi ons in the area are often dominated by acidic Sphagnum. bogs and peatl ands, usuall y inimical to the surv ival of ostracods. The distribution data are avail able are in northern E ngland: the unusual occurrence of abundant and relatively diverse ostracod Engli sh Lake DistTict (HORNE, 1988; HORNE et al. , 1990; populations in the area is made possible largely by the local outcrop W OO D, 1992) and Yorkshire (FRYER, 1993). A total of 2 1 of the Middle Cambrian Durness Limestone whi ch provides not ostracod species are recorded herein from the Assynt region, only a buffering capacity to the pH of the surface water but also a of which at least thTee are new to the Scotti sh fauna. A further significant karst system with whi ch many of these records are 10 taxa (typicall y represented onl y by juveniles) are identi­ hydrologicall y connected. From a total of more th an 60 samples of fied questionably to species level or to genus level onl y. living ostracods recovered during fie ld visits in 200 1-2003, 2 1 spe­ The earliest Scottish records of freshwater Ostracoda are cies were identified and a further 10 taxa, mostl y represented onl y those of BRADY (1 868; localities in the Southern Uplands by juveniles, were identified to genu s level. The chemi cal and and the M idland Vall ey) and B RADY & NORMAN (1889; vari­ physical properties of many of the water samples are also reported. ous localities in the Southern Uplands, Midland Valley, A checkli st of 53 species is provided for all freshwater ostracods recorded in Scotl and. Three species are recorded for the first ti me in Highl ands and the Hebridean islands of Skye and Lewis) Scotl and: Cavernocypris subterranea, Cytherissa lacustris and which si mply li sted the occurrence of species with little geo­ Potamocypris arcuata. These records inc lude the most northerly graphical or ecological detail. More recently FRYER & occurrences of C. lacustris and C. subterranea in the UK and the FORS HAW (1979) recorded L0 ostracod species on the Isle of presence of Britain 's onl y presumed endemic freshwater ostracod, Rhum in the Hebrides. BENZ IE ( 1989) described the relation­ Psychrodromus rober/soni. Two more species, Cyclocypris serena ship between a number of freshwater ostracods and their pre­ and C. /aevis are confirmed from Scotl and for the first time. The ferred substrate type in a coasral freshwater lagoon from the distributions of key taxa in this study are compared with existing Loch of Strathbeg, NE Scotl and. Two papers have focused biogeographical records using the NODE (Nonmarin e Ostracod on the ostracods from Loch Ness (GRIFFITHS et al., 1993; Distribution in Europe) database. GRIFF ITHS & M ARTIN, 1993), concentrating on species from Key words: Ostracoda, freshwater, springs, Loch Assynt, Scotl and. deep-water habitats. Recent work on the Hebridean islands of Harris and Barra has resulted in the di scovery of ostracod species new to the Bri tish fauna (HORNE & SMITH, 2004; Introduction SM ITH & HORNE, 2004). Stygophyli c ostracods from the Isle of Skye and the Assynt region have been li sted by DJH (in T he Ostracoda are a di verse group of microscopic aquatic PROUDLOYE et al. , 2003). Crustacea that inhabi t both non-marine and marine habitats T he NODE (Non-marine Ostracod Distribution in E urope) worldwide. Non-marine ostracods belong exclusively to the GIS database (HORNE et al. , L998) contains 184 records of Order Podocopida and include representatives of three freshwater ostracods for the whole of Scotland, totall ing 44 superfamilies, the Darwinulo idea, Cytheroidea and species, compared with 944 records of86 species for the Brit­ Cypridoidea (of which the last is by far the most di verse). ish Isles as a whole (figures as of April 2006). With the addi­ T he d istri bution of indi vidual ostracod species is determined tion of data from PROUDLOYE et al., (2003) and the present by a range of envi1·onmental factors, particularl y water chem­ study (not yet entered in NODE) a total of 53 species have istry, temperature, substrate, dissolved oxygen levels and now been recorded in Scotland. A species checklist based on food supply (SMITH & HORNE, 2002). NODE and the present study is given in Appendix l. I I 112 IAN BOOMER, DAVID J. HORNE & ROBIN J. SMITH Plate 1. A: Heterocypris incongruens (scale bar = 880~m) , fema le carapace, left side; B: Psychrodromus olivaceus (scale bar = 700~m ) , female carapace, right side; C: Herpetocypris chevreuxi (scale bar = ll 50~m ) , female carapace, left side; D: Potamocypris variegata (scale bar = 3 75 ~Lm ) , female carapace, left side; E : Psychrodromus robertsoni (scale bar = 880~m ), female carapace, ri ght side; F : Potamocypris pallida (scale bar = 375J..Un), female carapace, left side; G : Potamocypris villosa (scale bar= 375 ~m , female carapace, left side; H: Potamocypris zschokkei (scale bar = 375 ~m ) , female carapace, left side; 1: Cavemocypris subterranea (scale bar = 3 7 5~m), female carapace, right side; J: Cane/ana candida (scale bar = 57 0~m) , female carapace, right side; K: Cryptocandona vavrai (scale bar = 480~m ) , female carapace, right side; L: Clyptocandona reducta (scale bar = 480~m); M: Cypria ophtalmica (scale bar = 37 5~m ), fe male carapace, right side; N: Cyclocypris serena (scale bar = 3 7 5 ~m ), female carapace, left side; 0: Cyclocypris globosa (scale bar = 480~t m ), female carapace, left side; P: Cyclocypris ovum (scale bar = 290~Lm ) , female carapace, left side; Q: Cytherissa lacustris (scale bar= 480~m ), female carapace, right side. I I Freshwater Ostracoda from NW Scotland 113 Regional setting Potamocypris sp. (late juvenile or adult) from a shallow pool in the 'Grotto' of Uamh an Tartair, approximately 2 km The geology of the Assynt and Coigach region of NW Scot­ southeast of Inchnadamph. land has been studied in great detail due to its complex struc­ Loch Assynt has a maximum depth of about I 00-115m, with ture (see GOODENOUGH et al., 2004 for a recent summary). the deepest areas in the eastern half. It is one of the largest The area contains a wide variety of rock types, both acidic water bodies in the region and receives inflow from two main and alkaline (e.g., sandstones, shales, limestones, schists, rivers: the Lonan, draining a large area ['o the south-east of gneisses and igneous intrusions). They include some of the the loch, and the Traligill, a smaller catchment to the east of oldest rocks in Britain, many of which have suffered signifi­ Inchnadamph (figure I); there are also many relatively small cant alteration, folding and faulting. The complex nature of inflows along its length. The loch outflows at its north-east­ the local geology can be seen on British Geological Survey's ern encl. The catchment is delimited in figure 1; most of our Solid Geology Sheet (I :50,000) for the Assynt District (GEO­ samples were taken within this area, including five surface­ LOGICAL SURVEY, 1965). The high annual rainfall of the sediment samples from the deep parts of the loch, between Assynt region today has resulted in the widespread develop­ 26-76 m water depth. A single additional sample was also ment of blanket bog and numerous surface water flows over­ taken from a roadside spring at Elphin, on a 6 m high road­ lying the solid geology. Recent research has shown that the side cliff face approximately 12 kilometres south of local rainfall has a high correlation with North Atlantic Os­ Inchnadamph, outside the Loch Assynt catchment. cillation state (PROCTOR et al., 2002) and that this connection may have persisted for at least the last few millennia. The local surface hydrology is modified by the presence of a Material and methods karst system within the partly-dolomitised Middle Cambrian Durness Limestone in the eastern part of the catchment, with The results presented herein are the product of three field an extensive network of seasonal streams, springs and seasons (2001-2003) by the three authors and these have seepages. Many surface exposures of the Durness Limestone been combined to establish a single dataset. The considerable in this region are disjointed due to its complex structural hi s­ variation in sampling techniques used, rendered necessary by tory, resulting in multiple repetitions of the geological se­ the great differences in habitat type, water depth, flow rates, quence (GOODENOUGH eta/., 2004).
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