DOCSLIB.ORG

Salem's Urban Streams

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Salem's Urban Streams Salem’s Urban Streams 2019 Annual Cleaning and Data Collection Prepared by: Sean Friend 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Stream Crew 2019 _______________________________________________ 5 Program History __________________________________________________________ 5 Program Structure (2019) __________________________________________________ 5 Stream Crew Structure ___________________________________________________ 6 Stream Crew Bios (2019) _________________________________________ 7 Fulfillment of MS4 Permit Requirements _____________________________ 11 Creating a Rewarding Internship___________________________________ 13 Site Visits ______________________________________________________________ 13 Geren Island Water Treatment Facitliy Tour _________________________________ 13 Willow Lake Wastewater Treatment Facility Tour _____________________________ 14 Talking Water Gardens Tour _____________________________________________ 14 Thursday Colloquiums ____________________________________________________ 15 Annual Urban Streams Symposium __________________________________________ 15 Ecological Importance ___________________________________________ 17 Garbage & Debris Removal and Protocol ____________________________ 18 Introduction to ArcGIS ___________________________________________ 21 Data Collection in ArcGIS Collector Application ________________________________ 21 Data Collection in ArcGIS Survey123 & QuickCapture Applications _________________ 22 Debris Jams __________________________________________________________ 23 Erosion Observations ___________________________________________________ 24 Fish Passage Barriers __________________________________________________ 25 Flowing Outfalls _______________________________________________________ 25 Infrastructure Observations ______________________________________________ 26 Illegal Camping ________________________________________________________ 27 Invasive Species Observations ___________________________________________ 27 Code Violations _______________________________________________________ 28 Priority Reach _________________________________________________________ 28 Watershed Results _____________________________________________ 30 Watershed Profiles_______________________________________________________ 33 Glenn-Gibson Watershed ________________________________________________ 33 Claggett Creek Watershed _______________________________________________ 37 Stream Crew Annual Report 2019 3 Little Pudding River Watershed ___________________________________________ 41 Mill Creek Watershed ___________________________________________________ 44 Pringle Creek Watershed ________________________________________________ 47 Battle Creek Watershed _________________________________________________ 52 Croisan/Pettijohn Watershed _____________________________________________ 56 Annual Restoration Project _______________________________________ 62 Introduction ____________________________________________________________ 63 Site Selection _________________________________________________________ 63 Scope of Work ________________________________________________________ 64 Himalayan Blackberry & Reed Canarygrass Removal _________________________ 65 Native Species Live Staking ______________________________________________ 67 Future Work __________________________________________________________ 68 Season Review (2019) __________________________________________ 70 Concluding Remarks _____________________________________________________ 70 Recognition Statement ____________________________________________________ 70 Works Cited ___________________________________________________ 72 Appendix A ___________________________________________________ 73 Appendix B ___________________________________________________ 74 Appendix C ___________________________________________________ 75 Stream Crew Annual Report 2019 4 PROGRAM HISTORY & CREW MEMBER BIOS Fig. 1.1. 2019 Stream Crew at Geren Island Water Treatment Facility Stream Crew Annual Report 2019 5 STREAM CREW 2019 Program History In February of 1996, the City of Salem and the greater Willamette Valley were hit with a nearly 100-year flood event. The flooding caused substantial damage to local businesses, infrastructure, transportation systems, and personal property. The widespread flooding led to the evacuation of over 3,000 Oregon residents and caused over $500 million in property damage throughout the Pacific Northwest. As a result of the 1996 flood, the City of Salem added the Stream Cleaning Program to its Stormwater Management Plan to help mitigate flooding. The City of Salem operates under a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Municipal Separate Sewer System (MS4) permit which regulates the discharge of pollutants into the City’s waterways. As a deliverable for the Stream Cleaning Crew, the MS4 permit mandates that the crew cleans and inspects roughly 61 miles of waterways within the urban growth boundary of Salem, along with completion of one annual restoration project. The Stream Cleaning Crew is an adaptable program, having the ability of expand and change as the scope of work changes year to year. In 2003, the Stream Cleaning Crew evolved from an operations and maintenance position to a college internship. Applicants must be current college students or recent graduates from a natural resources or other environmental-focused disciplines. A strong academic background in scientific processes has allowed the Stream Cleaning Crew to make critical in-field decisions that increase conveyance and keep the health of the riparian environment in mind. Over time, the Stream Cleaning Program has evolved and grown as the scope of work completed by Stream Crew has increased. This report details the accomplishments of the 2019 season. Program Structure (2019) The 2019 Stream Cleaning Crew consisted of 8 interns and 1 lead, known as the Environmental Aide. This year’s interns are all either recent graduates or current undergraduate/graduate college students in a natural resources related program. Each Stream Crew intern brings a unique background and field of interest to the table, creating a diverse work group capable of tackling complex challenges as a team. In an effort to nurture equity within the crew, Senior and Lead Crew Member roles were removed. This helps the Stream Crew Annual Report 2019 6 crew to make in-field decisions by committee rather than having a singular decision maker. When needed, however, the Environmental Aide makes final decisions for Stream Crew using the advice of Stormwater’s permanent staff. The structure of the 2019 Stream Cleaning Crew, as well as individual bios, are listed below (Fig. 1.2). Stream Crew Structure Stormwater Quality Supervisor Program Coordinator Environmental Aide Crew Member Crew Member Crew Member Crew Member Fig. 1.2. Structure of Stream Crew Stream Crew Annual Report 2019 7 STREAM CREW BIOS (2019) Sean M. Friend – Stream Crew Environmental Aide B.S. Biology: Environmental Conservation Rogers State University Sean spent two years as a forester for a major electric utility before joining the City of Salem. Being his biggest career interest, Sean hopes to continue his career in freshwater ecology and natural resource management. Freshwater habitat quality is one of Sean’s passions and he has cherished his opportunity to work with the Stream Crew. Outside of work, Sean enjoys traveling and sightseeing the Northwest’s numerous natural beauties. D avid Danner – Stream Crew Member E arth Science: Geology (Senior) - Oregon State University Dave is a Geology Earth Science major currently attending Oregon State University. Upon finishing his final term this coming fall, Dave hopes to pursue a career in Geographic Information Sciences (GIS). Collecting and analyzing data to help improve the world around him is what really captures his interest. Mateo Garcia – Stream Crew Member Natural Resources: Human Dimensions (Senior) Oregon State University Mateo is a fourth year undergraduate in the College of Forestry at Oregon State University. He is passionate about climate justice and the ties between people, culture, and environment; someday he hopes to apply his knowledge and experiences towards shaping more resilient and sustainable communities. When not busy studying or working, Mateo enjoys cycling, making music, and reading science fiction. Stream Crew Annual Report 2019 8 Curt Knott – Stream Crew Member Environmental Science (Senior) - Western Oregon University Curt is interested in pursuing a graduate degree in petrology or geochemistry. Prior to attending WOU, Curt spent time living in China and Germany. In his free time, Curt enjoys exercising and preparing for cross country season at WOU. Adnan Morkoc – Stream Crew Member B.S. Chemical Engineering – Ataturk University M.S. Water Resources Engineering (2nd year) Oregon State University Adnan previously studied the Monsanto acetic acid production process for his undergraduate project. Adnan is currently doing his master’s degree in water resources engineering at OSU. His research interests involve groundwater chemistry, BMPs for removing excess nitrate from agricultural drainage water and multicomponent reactive transport modeling in variably saturated porous media. Adnan enjoys hiking, playing soccer, camping, and traveling. Nicole Niskanen – Stream Crew Member Environmental Science (Senior) - Western Oregon University Nicole has a passion for nature and outdoor activities such as sandboarding/snowboarding, hiking, and cliff jumping. She wants
Load more

Recommended publications
  • In Partial Fulfillment Of
    WATER UTILI AT'ION AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE 11ILLAMETTE RIVER BASIN by CAST" IR OLISZE "SKI A THESIS submitted to OREGON STATE COLLEGE in partialfulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE June 1954 School Graduate Committee Data thesis is presented_____________ Typed by Kate D. Humeston TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. INTRODUCTION Statement and History of the Problem........ 1 Historical Data............................. 3 Procedure Used to Explore the Data.......... 4 Organization of the Data.................... 8 II. THE WILLAMETTE RIVER WATERSHED Orientation................................. 10 Orography................................... 10 Geology................................. 11 Soil Types................................. 19 Climate ..................................... 20 Precipitation..*.,,,,,,,................... 21 Storms............'......................... 26 Physical Characteristics of the River....... 31 Physical Characteristics of the Major Tributaries............................ 32 Surface Water Supply ........................ 33 Run-off Characteristics..................... 38 Discharge Records........ 38 Ground Water Supply......................... 39 CHAPTER PAGE III. ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL UTILIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT.. .... .................... 44 Flood Characteristics ........................ 44 Flood History......... ....................... 45 Provisional Standard Project: Flood......... 45 Flood Plain......... ........................ 47 Flood Control................................ 48 Drainage............
    [Show full text]
  • Molalla-Pudding Subbasin TMDL & WQMP
    OREGON DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY December 2008 Molalla-Pudding Subbasin TMDL & WQMP December 2008 Molalla-Pudding Subbasin Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) and Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP) Primary authors are: Karen Font Williams, R.G. and James Bloom, P.E. For more information: http://www.deq.state.or.us/wq/TMDLs/willamette.htm#mp Karen Font Williams, Basin Coordinator Oregon Department of Environmental Quality 2020 SW 4th Ave. Suite 400 Portland, Oregon 97201 Phone 503-229-6254 • Fax 503-229-6957 i Molalla-Pudding Subbasin TMDL Executive Summary December 2008 Acknowledgments In addition to the primary authors of this document, the following DEQ staff and managers provided substantial assistance and guidance: Bob Dicksa, Permit Section, Western Region, Salem Gene Foster, Watershed Management Section Manager Greg Geist, Standards and Assessment, Headquarters April Graybill, Permit Section, Western Region, Salem Mark Hamlin, Permit Section, Western Region, Salem Larry Marxer, Watershed Assessment, Laboratory and Environmental Assessment Division (LEAD) LEAD Chemists, Quality Assurance, and Technical Services Ryan Michie, Watershed Management, Headquarters Sally Puent, TMDL Section Manager, Northwest Region Andy Schaedel, TMDL Section Manager, Northwest Region (retired) The following DEQ staff and managers provided thoughtful and helpful review of this document: Don Butcher, TMDL Section, Eastern Region, Pendleton Kevin Masterson, Toxics Coordinator, LEAD Bill Meyers, TMDL Section, Western Region, Medford Neil Mullane,
    [Show full text]
  • PUDDING RIVER BASIN Oregon State Game Commission Lands
    PUDDING RIVER BASIN I Oregon State Game Commission lands Division Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife Page 1 of 59 Master Plan Angler Access & Associated Recreational Uses - Pudding River Basin 1969 PUDDING RIVER BASIN M.aster Plan for Angler Access and Associated Recreational Uses By Oregon State Game Commission Lands Section April 1969 Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife Page 2 of 59 Master Plan Angler Access & Associated Recreational Uses - Pudding River Basin 1969 _,,.T A___ B L -E 0 F THE PLAN 1 VICINITY MAP 3 AREA I 4 AREA II 5 AREA III 31 APPENDIX - Pudding River Basin map Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife Page 3 of 59 Master Plan Angler Access & Associated Recreational Uses - Pudding River Basin 1969 PUDDING RIVER BASIN Master Plan for Angler Access and Associated Recreational Uses This report details a plan that we hope can be followed to solve the access problem of the Pudding River Basin. Too, we hope that all agencies that are interested in retaining existing water access as well as providing additional facilities, whether they be municipal, county, or state will all join in a cooperative effort to carry out this plan in an orderly manner. It is probable that Land and Water Conservation Funds will be available on a 50- 50 matching basis. In order to acquire these funds, it will be necessary to apply through the Oregon State Highway Department. The Pudding River Basin, located in the center of the Willamette Valley, is within close proximity to the large population centers of the Willamette Valley. Numerous highways and county roads either cross or follow the major streams within the basin making them quite accessible by vehicle.
    [Show full text]
  • Fw: Arsenic Found in Wells and Water Concerns in Lincoln County GP
    12/10/2019 Co.lincoln.or.us Mail - Fw: Arsenic found in wells and water concerns in Lincoln County GP Casey Miller <[email protected]> Fw: Arsenic found in wells and water concerns in Lincoln County GP Kenney Creig <[email protected]> Tue, Dec 10, 2019 at 3:13 PM To: [email protected] ----- Forwarded Message ----- From: Kenney Creig <[email protected]> To: Kristi Peter <[email protected]> Sent: Tuesday, December 10, 2019, 3:10:50 PM PST Subject: Fw: Arsenic found in wells and water concerns in Lincoln County GP ----- Forwarded Message ----- From: Kenney Creig <[email protected]> To: "[email protected]" <[email protected]> Sent: Thursday, October 17, 2019, 11:19:44 AM PDT Subject: Fw: Arsenic found in wells and water concerns in Lincoln County How many millions have been spent to ignore what all of you have done to the rivers and ocean. Never a test and refusal to ask USGS to come in and tell us the truth. How many dollars does it take to ignore the health of the future generations. I have spent years trying to bring science into the schools and the public but was blocked at every turn. People talk and know the true history and science will tell the rest. I am done asking you all to protect the water. So I will continue my search for the truth of what you have done to the next generation. Not one drop more should be taken from the Siletz River nor should one more gram of toxic waste should be added to the 11 million gallons a day pouring into the Ocean and River as their accidental spill history has proven.
    [Show full text]
  • Draft North Cascade 2012 Implementation Plan
    North Cascade District Implementation Plan June 2012 Table of Contents Page Introduction ____________________________________________________________ 1 District Overview ________________________________________________________ 3 Land Ownership ______________________________________________________ 3 Forest Land Management Classification ____________________________________ 3 Background ________________________________________________________ 3 Major Change to FLMCS _____________________________________________ 4 Current Condition _____________________________________________________ 6 History ___________________________________________________________ 6 Physical Elements _____________________________________________________ 7 Geology and Soils ___________________________________________________ 7 Topography ________________________________________________________ 9 Water ____________________________________________________________ 9 Climate ___________________________________________________________ 9 Natural Disturbance _________________________________________________ 9 Biological Elements __________________________________________________ 10 Vegetation ________________________________________________________ 10 Forest Health _____________________________________________________ 11 Fish and Wildlife __________________________________________________ 11 Human Uses ________________________________________________________ 16 Forest Management ________________________________________________ 16 Roads ___________________________________________________________
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 6 Iron, Manganese, Arsenic December 2008 Chapter 6 Iron, Manganese, Arsenic
    Molalla-Pudding Subbasin TMDL Chapter 6 Iron, Manganese, Arsenic December 2008 Chapter 6 Iron, Manganese, Arsenic Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Name and Location of Waterbodies ............................................................................................................................. 2 Pollutant Identification .................................................................................................................................................. 2 Water Quality Standards and Beneficial Uses ............................................................................................................. 3 Beneficial Uses ........................................................................................................................................................ 3 Water Quality Criteria .............................................................................................................................................. 3 Sources or Source Categories ...................................................................................................................................... 5 Iron, Manganese, and Arsenic in Rocks and Soils................................................................................................... 8 Iron, Manganese, and Arsenic in Groundwater and Surface Water ........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Final Appendices
    Upper Willamette River Conservation and Recovery Plan for Chinook Salmon and Steelhead FINAL – August 5, 2011 FINAL UPPER WILLAMETTE RIVER CONSERVATION AND RECOVERY PLAN FOR CHINOOK SALMON AND STEELHEAD August 5, 2011 APPENDICES Appendix A: Planning Team and Stakeholder Team Members ...............................................2 Appendix B: CATAS Support Information ................................................................................5 Appendix C: Background Material for Limiting Factors and Threats..................................32 Appendix D: SLAM Model Support Information ....................................................................36 Appendix E: Background Information on the Role of Chinook Hatcheries and Reintroduction Strategies for UWR Chinook above Willamette Project barriers and in other subbasins..............................................................................120 Appendix F: Related Management Plans and Conservation Efforts....................................137 Appendix G: Summary of State Programs to Implement Recovery Actions.......................146 Appendix H: Crosswalk of Terms - Limiting Factors, Threats, and Ecological Concerns ................................................................................................................................167 Appendix I: Methodology for Conservation Gaps..................................................................172 Appendix J: Summary of Analysis and Chapter Organization ............................................183 Appendix
    [Show full text]
  • Phil Janney, Jeffrey Jenkins and Kim Anderson Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Oregon State University  NMFS Biological Opinions
    Phil Janney, Jeffrey Jenkins and Kim Anderson Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Oregon State University NMFS Biological Opinions . Concern regarding exposure in off‐channel and shallow habitats utilized by juvenile salmonids . Data limited so exposure estimated for direct overspray and drift (AgDrift) Passive sampling devices deployed to evaluate continuous exposure in off‐ channel and shallow salmonid habitats. 5/4/2012 2 USGS National Water Quality Assessment . Long term agricultural site . Pesticides sampled from 1993‐ 2008 Trifluralin 30000 . High frequency of detections Terbacil Pyraclostrobin and levels Propiconazole 25000 Pendimethalin Oxyamyl Norflurazon Oregon DEQ 20000 Napropamide . Total Maximum Daily Load Metribuzin 8321 Metolachlor 15000 (ng/L) 8321 ▪ Approved by EPA 2008 Methomyl (ng/L) ▪ Zollner TMDLs for dieldrin and Linuron Imidacloprid chlordane 10000 (ng/L) EPTC (Eptam) (ng/L) . Pesticide Stewardship Diuron (ng/L) DEET (ng/L) 5000 Partnership Carbaryl (ng/L) Simazine (ng/L) ▪ Pesticides sampled from 2005‐ 8321 Ethoprop 0 present Little Pudding River Pudding River at South Fork Bochsler Zollner Creek at Zollner Creek at Chlorpyriphos at Rambler Road Hwy 99E (Aurora) Creek at Hwy 214 Hwy 214 Monitor-McKee Road (ng/L) Bridge Atrazine (ng/L) 5/4/2012 8321 3 Pudding River basin . 2456 ha (54% agricultural, 8% developed, 38% forested) . Upper Willamette Chinook and Steelhead habitat Sampled June 2010 to October 2011 . 5 sample locations ▪ 4 accessible to salmonid species . Sampled 3‐4 week intervals 5/4/2012 4 Abiqua Creek Silver Creek Zollner Creek Pudding River 5/4/2012 5 Low density polyethylene Samples the freely dissolved fraction of contaminant 2 compartment model based on Fick’s Law Provides integrated time weighted average 5/4/2012 6 ADVANTAGES LIMITATIONS Continuous sampling Integrated time .
    [Show full text]
  • Marion County Comprehensive Land Use Plan Background and Inventory
    MARION COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN BACKGROUND AND INVENTORY REPORT PREPARED BY MARION COUNTY PLANNING DIVISION ADOPTED March 31, 1982 Revised 10/98 Revised 05/00 Revised 11/04 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction ............................................................................................................. 4 General Background ............................................................................................... 4 Geographic Description Settlement History Climate Geology and Surficial Deposits Natural Resources Inventory ................................................................................. 12 Soils Water Resources Natural Areas Scenic Waterways Fish and Wildlife Habitats Mineral and Aggregate Source Existing Land Use ....................................................................................................40 Urban Land Use Agricultural Land Forest Land Land Ownership Population History and Projections .......................................................................55 State Population County Population Urban Population Parks and Recreation Inventory ............................................................................ 59 Introduction Historical Sites Willamette River Greenway Development Limitations ........................................................................................80 Floodplains Landslide Areas Building Site Limitations Septic Tank Filer Field Limitations Energy Sources Inventory .......................................................................................92
    [Show full text]
  • CLACKAMAS COUNTY, OREGON and INCORPORATED AREAS Volume 1 of 3 Clackamas County
    CLACKAMAS COUNTY, OREGON AND INCORPORATED AREAS Volume 1 of 3 Clackamas County Community Community Name Number BARLOW, CITY OF 410013 CANBY, CITY OF 410014 DAMASCUS, CITY OF 410006 *ESTACADA, CITY OF 410016 GLADSTONE, CITY OF 410017 HAPPY VALLEY, CITY OF 410026 *JOHNSON CITY, CITY OF 410267 LAKE OSWEGO, CITY OF 410018 MILWAUKIE, CITY OF 410019 *MOLALLA, CITY OF 410020 OREGON CITY, CITY OF 410021 RIVERGROVE, CITY OF 410022 SANDY, CITY OF 410023 WEST LINN, CITY OF 410024 WILSONVILLE, CITY OF 410025 CLACKAMAS COUNTY 415588 (UNINCORPORATED AREAS) *No Special Flood Hazard Areas Identified REVISED: JANUARY 18, 2019 Reprinted with corrections on December 6, 2019 Federal Emergency Management Agency FLOOD INSURANCE STUDY NUMBER 41005CV001B NOTICE TO FLOOD INSURANCE STUDY USERS Communities participating in the National Flood Insurance Program have established repositories of flood hazard data for floodplain management and flood insurance purposes. This Flood Insurance Study (FIS) report may not contain all data available within the Community Map Repository. Please contact the Community Map Repository for any additional data. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) may revise and republish part or all of this FIS report at any time. In addition, FEMA may revise part of this FIS report by the Letter of Map Revision process, which does not involve republication or redistribution of the FIS report. Therefore, users should consult with community officials and check the Community Map Repository to obtain the most current FIS report components. Initial Countywide Effective Date: June 17, 2008 Revised Countywide Date: January 18, 2019 This FIS report was reissued on December 6, 2019 to make corrections; this version replaces any previous versions.
    [Show full text]
  • Northwest Oregon State Forests Management Plan
    Northwest Oregon State Forests Management Plan Revised Plan April 2010 Oregon Department of Forestry Northwest Oregon State Forests Management Plan January 2001 Plan Structure Classes and Habitat Conservation Plan references revised April 2010 Oregon Department of Forestry FINAL PLAN “STEWARDSHIP IN FORESTRY” List of Acronyms and Abbreviations Used ATV All-terrain vehicle NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service BAT Best Available Technology NWOA Northwest Oregon Area BLM Bureau of Land Management OAR Oregon Administrative Rules BMP Best Management Practices ODA Oregon Dept. of Agriculture BOFL Board of Forestry Lands ODF Oregon Dept. of Forestry BPA Bonneville Power Administration ODFW Oregon Dept. of Fish and Wildlife CEQ Council on Environmental Quality OFS Older forest structure (forest stand CMAI Culmination of Mean Annual type) Increment OHV Off-highway vehicles CMZ Channel migration zone ONHP Oregon Natural Heritage Program CRS Cultural, Recreation, and Scenic ORS Oregon Revised Statutes Inventory System OSCUR State forest inventory system CSC Closed single canopy (forest stand PM Particulate matter type) PSD Prevention of Significant CSFL Common School Forest Lands Deterioration CSRI Coastal Salmon Restoration REG Regeneration (forest stand type) Initiative RMA Riparian management area CWA Clean Water Act ROS Recreation Opportunity Spectrum DBH Diameter breast height RV Recreational vehicle DEQ Oregon Department of SBM Structure-based management Environmental Quality SCORP Statewide Comprehensive Outdoor DFC Desired future condition
    [Show full text]
  • Willamette Valley Conservation Study: Nature-Based Recreation and Educational Opportunities and Underserved Areas Assessment
    Willamette Valley Conservation Study: Nature-based Recreation and Educational Opportunities and Underserved Areas Assessment Prepared for U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Pacific Region Prepared by SWCA Environmental Consultants February 2013 WILLAMETTE VALLEY CONSERVATION STUDY: NATURE- BASED RECREATION AND EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES AND UNDERSERVED AREAS ASSESSMENT Prepared for U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Pacific Region 911 NE 11th Ave Portland, Oregon 97232 503.872.2700 Prepared by SWCA Environmental Consultants 1220 SW Morrison Street, Suite 700 Portland, Oregon 97205 503.224.0333 www.swca.com February 25, 2012 Willamette Valley Conservation Study: Nature-based Recreation and Educational Opportunities and Underserved Areas Assessment CONTENTS 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.1. Study Area .................................................................................................................................... 2 2. Methods .............................................................................................................................. 3 2.1. Spatial Mapping and Data Attributes ............................................................................................ 3 2.2. Document Review ......................................................................................................................... 4 3. Existing and Proposed Nature-Based Recreation and Educational Opportunities ....... 5 3.1.
    [Show full text]