O Arco E Flecha Como Construtores Do Mundo: a Prática Tradicional Do Kyudo E Do Potiguara Na Paraíba

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O Arco E Flecha Como Construtores Do Mundo: a Prática Tradicional Do Kyudo E Do Potiguara Na Paraíba UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA PARAÍBA CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS APLICADAS E EDUCAÇÃO - CCAE CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS, LETRAS E ARTES -CCHLA PROGRAMA DE PÓS- GRADUAÇÃO EM ANTROPOLOGIA SÔNIA MARIA NEVES BITTENCOURT DE SÁ O arco e flecha como construtores do mundo: a prática tradicional do kyudo e do Potiguara na Paraíba JOÃO PESSOA 2018 SÔNIA MARIA NEVES BITTENCOURT DE SÁ O arco e flecha como construtores do mundo: a prática tradicional Potiguara e do kyudo na Paraíba Trabalho de dissertação apresentado ao programa de Pós-graduação em Antropologia da Universidade Federal da Paraíba como requisito à obtenção de título de Mestre em Antropologia. Orientador (a): Dra. Maristela de Oliveira Andrade Co-orientador: Dr. João Martinho de Mendonça JOÃO PESSOA 2018 Catalogação na publicação Seção de Catalogação e Classificação S111a Sá, Sônia Maria Neves Bittencourt de O arco e flecha como construtores do mundo: a prática tradicional do Kyudo e do Potiguara na Paraíba / Sônia Maria Neves Bittencourt Sá. – João Pessoa, 2018. 261 f. : il. Orientação: Maristela de Oliveira Andrade. Coorientação: João Martinho Mendonça. Dissertação (Mestrado) – UFPB / CCHLA. 1. Antropologia. 2. Técnica – arco e flecha. 3. Performance - arqueiro. 4. Arcos Potiguaras. 5. Arqueiros do Kyudo. I. Andrade, Maristela de Oliveira. II. Mendonça, João Martinho. III. Título. UFBC / BC Dedicatória Aos guerreiros do passado e do presente cujas vidas se estendem as estrelas AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço à orientadora Dra. Maristela de Oliveira Andrade que depositou enorme confiança na minha forma de pesquisar e construir o trabalho e acompanhou com carinho e dedicação todo o percurso. A minha amada família que de várias maneiras continuou de forma discreta e sutil a sustentar meus sonhos mesmo quando os feijões reclamam os pés no chão. Ao coorientador Dr. João Martinho Mendonça que concretizou com entusiasmo o que era antes apenas o esboço de uma possível poética do concreto. Ao povo Potiguara que de forma generosa e profunda, em particular aos artesãos Pedro, Fernando, Anselmo, Chico ao oferecerem uma oportunidade singular de refletir sobre o meu passado enquanto brasileira, sobre quem sou e como penso o presente enquanto cidadã de um país multicultural quando apaixonados falavam sobre sua cultura, seu trabalho artesanal e sobre os arcos. A família de Neguinho e Glória que por mais de uma vez me receberam com carinho em sua casa e ofereceram seus tempos e falas sobre sua vida Potiguara e no respeito ao conhecimento que produzia. Aos Cacique-geral Sandro Barbosa, e ao pajé Chico pelas emoções que senti em vê-los empenhados em me passar o amor que sente por suas tradições e suas raízes. Aos funcionários da FUNAI coordenador Irenildo da Funai na Baía da Traição e a Célia Silva de João Pessoa, no seu gentil e fundamental incentivo nos primeiros passos do trabalho. Aos membros da associação cultural Brasil-Japão que não se furtaram em mostrar um pouco do percurso dos imigrantes e de como foi o processo de enraizamento de alguns aspectos da cultura japonesa em solo brasileiro. Aos incansáveis Agnes Pauli, e Roberto Mendes que com uma dedicação extraordinária fincaram as primeiras flechas do Kyudo em João Pessoa e com isto praticaram a perseverância, e a generosidade de ensinar. À professora Dra. Mercedes Okumura pela delicadeza e por disponibilizar de imediato seu trabalho sobre ponta de flechas. Ao professor Dr. Júlio César Melatti pela simplicidade e prontidão com que respondeu de imediato minha dúvida via e-mail e deu sugestão de leitura. Aos colegas Maria, Carlos, Anderson que comigo compartilharam horas de aulas e aprendizagens sobre yumis e yas. Aos professores do Programa de pós-graduação de Antropologia Social, PPGA, da Universidade Federal da Paraíba pelas aulas, trocas de reflexões e, particularmente, as professoras Dra. Alícia Ferreira Gonçalves, Dra. Edinalva Neves, Dra. Lara Amorim e aos professores Dr. Mauro Koury e Dr. João Mendonça. Aos colegas, a paraense Socorro Peloso, Caio Nobre Lisboa e Ruanna Gonçalves, com quem compartilhei companheirismo, risadas, reflexões e sugestões criativas para o trabalho e para a vida. Ao técnico Glauco F. Machado do Laboratório Arandu e do CCAE do campus IV, Rio Tinto, que me auxiliou no trabalho inicial de decupagem do material imagético coletado com a calma necessária perante um entusiasta que pouco sabe e quer muito. As revisora da ABNT metodologia Milena Ferreira Monteiro e da língua portuguesa Luanna Vaz Amaro por terem dado uma enorme contribuição na formatação e correções do texto para que ganhasse qualidade acadêmica. Ao inesquecível amigo Almir Held, por sua inestimável colaboração e a Dra. Arilza Almeida Aranha do Museu do Índio do Rio de Janeiro por seu incentivo no início do trabalho. Aos amigos Lucila Souto e seu companheiro, o engenheiro florestal Flávio pela enorme contribuição quanto aos estudos das madeiras e o carinho com que acompanharam meus avanços. A amiga a Luiza Leal que usou de seus conhecimentos de física para me ajudar a compreender o mecanismo dos arcos. Ao meu sobrinho Pedro Passador que foi solícito quando teve o pedido de “help” em algumas traduções. Por último, agradeço aos encantados que eu crendo ou não abriram portais para novos conhecimentos produzindo em mim tantos diferentes tipos de percepções, sentimentos que muitas vezes, sentia minha alma vaguear entre gestos e escrita e quando na dúvida, sentia seus empurrões ou sopros a dizer: - Vai, vai mulher! Atira-se, vai atrás das flechas. Ó gente de conhecimento e medo. Vai pra mata encontrar o berço. E assim foi... Quando todas as minhas peles foram trocadas Então foi hora de escrever a última palavra deste trabalho (SMS) RESUMO Esta dissertação se insere no campo de estudos da técnica, do manejo e da performance mediante a análise dos processos de construção do arco e da flecha Potiguara e do Kyudo, a arqueria tradicional japonesa. Nesta perspectiva, a presente pesquisa se estruturou a partir de uma indagação central: Como os arcos e flechas Potiguara e do kyudo atravessaram os tempos e continuam as suas práticas nos dias atuais? A reflexão antropológica subjacente ao estudo é a relação entre continuidades e mudanças, tradição e ressignificação. Neste sentido, o objetivo geral delineado foi compreender como os arcos são construídos, e como ocorre a interação entre os arcos e os artesãos; os arcos e os arqueiros; a partir de uma aproximação etnográfica junto a dois grupos: os artesãos das aldeias das Terras Indígenas Potiguara e seus arqueiros, e entre os praticantes de Kyudo. A metodologia utilizada consistiu em um conjunto de procedimentos, tais como: l. Levantamento bibliográfico e histórico sobre os samurais e a imigração japonesa para o nordeste do Brasil e dos guerreiros potiguara; artesãos e arqueiros envolvidos com a prática do arco e flechas; 2. Mapeamento bibliográfico sobre o estado da arte no campo dos estudos da técnica, do manejo e da performance; 3. Pesquisa de campo etnográfica entre 2016 e 2017 envolvendo diversas observações, descrições e diálogos colhidos entre os artesãos e praticantes do arco e flecha que possibilitou dialogar com as teorias antropológicas no campo da técnica, do manejo e prática como eixo de reflexão. O trabalho foi dividido em três tópicos: no primeiro há uma abordagem geral sobre a questão do arco e flechas; no segundo situo a questão do conhecimento, natureza e a poética concreta da construção dos arcos; e no terceiro e último, analiso a relação entre corpo e o arco e flechas tendo como base de apoio os estudos produzidos no campo da antropologia visual. Neste caso, analiso a prática do arco e flecha nos Jogos Indígenas Potiguaras e os Festivais do Japão, em João Pessoa em 2016 e 2017, respectivamente. Para além desta dissertação a aproximação etnográfica realizada junto aos dois grupos potencializou a produção de um vídeo e um acervo fotográfico sobre a forma de construção e manuseio dos arcos. O estudo sinalizou para a ressignificação contemporânea do arco e flecha enquanto um processo de esportização. Antes de ser um trabalho conclusivo, o estudo do arco e flechas entre estes dois grupos, buscou ser um trabalho mais reflexivo e, sobretudo, provocativo e aberto a novos caminhos a serem traçados para uma compreensão maior da relação técnica, manejo e performance. Palavras-chave: Arco e Flecha. Performance. Etnografia. Técnica, Kyudo. Potiguara. ABSTRACT This dissertation in the field of technical studies, and performance management through analysis of the processes of construction of the bow and the arrow potiguara and Kyudo, the traditional Japanese arqueria. In this perspective, the present research is structured from a central question: How the bows and arrows Potiguara and kyudo crossed times and continue their practices today? Anthropological consideration underlying the study is the relationship between continuities and changes, ressignification tradition. In this sense, the general objective outlined was to understand how the arches are constructed, and how the interaction between the arches and craftsmen; the arches and the archers; from an ethnographic approach with the two groups: the artisans of the villages of indigenous lands Potiguara and his archers, as well as between the practitioners of Kyudo. The methodology used consisted of a set of procedures, such as: l. bibliographical and historical about the samurai and Japanese Immigration to the North East of Brazil and of the potiguara warriors; craftsmen and archers involved with the practice of bow and arrows; 2. Mapping bibliographical study on the State of the art in the field of technical studies, and performance management; 3. ethnographic field research between 2016 and 2017 involving several observations, descriptions and dialogue collected among the artisans and practitioners who made dialogue between theorists in the field of technical, management and performance as the reflection axis. The work was divided into three topics: the first for a general approach on the issue of the bow and arrows; the second though of knowledge, nature and the poetics of construction of concrete arches; And in the third, and last, examine the relationship between body and bow and arrows based studies produced support in the field of visual anthropology.
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