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4-H Horse Judging Manual

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4-H Horse Judging Manual PNW575 4-H HORSE JUDGING MANUAL A Pacific Northwest Extension Publication Washington State University • Oregon1 State University • University of Idaho TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................3 ANATOMY OF THE HORSE ...............................................................................................4 Good Conformation...........................................................................................................4 Topline and Underline ........................................................................................................7 Correlated Features ............................................................................................................12 Way-of-Going That Helps Determine Function..................................................................12 Unsoundnesses and Blemishes of the Horse......................................................................14 Correlated Structural Features that Lead to Defective Gait or Unsoundness..........................19 JUDGING THE HALTER HORSE ................................................................................................21 In Judging the Halter Class, Keep in Mind the Particular Class You Are Judging .................................. 21 Descriptions and Regulations for Different Breeds ................................................................................ 21 JUDGING THE PERFORMANCE HORSE...........................................................................26 The Pleasure Horse............................................................................................................26 Showmanship at Halter.....................................................................................................29 Stock Seat Equitation........................................................................................................30 English Equitation............................................................................................................30 Western Riding.................................................................................................................31 English Riding..................................................................................................................31 Reining Class...................................................................................................................32 COMPLETING THE PLACING CARD .................................................................................33 ORAL REASONS...............................................................................................................34 How to Take Notes..........................................................................................................34 How to Give Oral Reasons................................................................................................35 Terminology.....................................................................................................................36 Sample Oral Reasons.........................................................................................................47 CONTEST REGULATIONS AND SCORING.......................................................................49 Typical Rules and Regulations for a 4-H Horse Judging Contest..............................................49 Contest Scoring................................................................................................................50 2 WASHINGTON 4-H HORSE JUDGING MANUAL INTRODUCTION Horse judging is an art where an • Know a system to rapidly take notes authoritative person expresses his/ on a class and be able to organize her opinion of a class, by his/her order those notes into a set of reasons. of placement. The ability of a judge to express his/her opinion orally reinforces • Know the important comparisons to his/her order of placement. For the judge make when giving oral reasons. to give a convincing set of oral reasons, she/he must compare the horses in the • Know what an “ideal” set of oral class while keeping in mind the “ideal” reasons sounds like. accepted model of that breed and/or type of performance. • Know that win, lose or draw, you made your best effort. To become a competent judge a person must develop and/or perfect part or all of For the beginner to be able to learn these the following: points takes much practice and guidance from qualified persons. Practice judging • Know all the parts of the horse. will require many sessions just building the “ideal” horse in the beginner’s • Know all the possible blemishes and mind. The beginner then must spend unsoundnesses and how they would many hours comparing horses, one with affect the horse’s movement. another and those to the “ideal.” While the placements are being perfected, the • Know how to weigh conformation beginner should start learning and using faults over blemishes for making the reason terminology in his conversation. placements. With much practice and guidance the beginner will be ready for his/her first • Know the “ideal” type or “ideal” contest. performance of one or more breeds. This includes the rules of those Breed It must be remembered that contest Divisions. judging is much different from practice sessions. Contest judging is done under • Know a method by which you can time limitations. These limitations are completely and rapidly evaluate a explained in the Contest Regulations and horse. Scoring. 3 ANATOMY OF THE HORSE GOOD CONFORMATION propor-tions is an indication of growthiness and overall size outcome. Part of this section should merely be a review of what you have already learned in your Good breed type and attractiveness of the head previous project books. It is repeated, however, in all its features are primary qualifications in because of its importance in the overall picture horses. Horses intended for breeding should of judging horses. A thorough knowledge of show masculinity or femininity in the head. a horse’s anatomy (Figure 1) is the primary Long, narrow heads with deeply dished faces step in being able to judge accurately. or Roman noses are undesirable because of their plainness. Width of muzzle and jaw The Head is taken to indicate good disposition and intelligence. Straight-faced horses are preferred In all types of horses, the size of the head over dishedface or Roman-nosed types in most should be in proportion to the size of the breeds. When viewed from the side the head body. In the case of foals, yearlings, and two- should have a triangular shape. That is, it should year-olds, a big head that is balanced in its taper to a fine muzzle. Poll Topline Forehead Crest Face Point of hip Bridge of nose Withers Loin Back Rump or croup Nostril Muzzle Neck Upper lip Lower lip Buttock Under lip Thigh Throatlatch Shoulder Barrel Flank Point of shoulder Heart- Stifle Chest girth Arm Gaskin Elbow Underline Hock Forearm Knee Cannon Fetlock Fetlock joint Hoof Pastern Coronet Figure 1. Anatomy of a horse. 4 Ears large, because the nasal passages are the only avenues of air intake to the lungs. The size, length, set, direction, and move- ment of the ear are important. Extremes in Mouth size of ear detract from the appearance of the head. A medium-sized ear, clean cut in The jaws of the mouth should meet evenly. design, that shows the blood vessels clearly Not only are protruding or receding lower jaws outstanding, is characteristic of horses with unsightly, but they interfere with the horse’s high quality and refinement. eating. The terms applied are: “parrot mouth,” which means the upper jaw protrudes over the Set or location of the ears helps determine the lower; and “monkey mouth,” which means beauty of the head. Ears set well apart, not too the lower jaw protrudes beyond the upper. low down over the eyes or too far back on the Alternate terminology would be “overshot” poll of the head, contribute to good looks. and “undershot” jaws or mouths, respectively. The movements of the ears are an indication Teeth of temperament. Ears kept in a constant state of unrest may signal a nervous temperament, The teeth are classified as incisors, canines, and impaired eyesight, or total blindness. Motion- molars. They are organs of mastication. Age less ears are an indication of a slow, lazy, can be estimated by inspection of the incisors. sluggish disposition. The bars of the mouth occupy the space on Eyes each side of the lower jaw between the incisor and the premolar teeth or between the canine Big, full, prominent eyes of a dark, rich, hazel and the first molar teeth. The bars are covered color are desired in all types of horses. only with mucous membrane. “Walleyes,” sometimes called glass eyes, are It is against the bars of the mouth that bit those in which the iris is a pearly white color. pressure is brought to bear in the control Such eyes are objectionable on the basis of of horses by the reins. Horses are said to be looks but are functional and not considered “hardmouthed” when the mucous membrane disqualifications. of the bars becomes toughened and thickened, and the sensitivity of the mouth is deadened “Pig-eye” is the term applied if the eye is too because of the calloused condition of the bars. small, narrow, and squinty. Such eyes usually have thick eyelids and are commonly associated Neck with coarseness and a sluggish temperament. Long, trim necks are associated with athletic Nostrils ability in all types of horses.
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