The Type I BMP Receptors, Bmpr1a and Acvr1, Activate Multiple Signaling Pathways to Regulate Lens Formation
Developmental Biology 335 (2009) 305–316 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Developmental Biology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/developmentalbiology The type I BMP receptors, Bmpr1a and Acvr1, activate multiple signaling pathways to regulate lens formation Ramya Rajagopal a, Jie Huang a, Lisa K. Dattilo a, Vesa Kaartinen b, Yuji Mishina c, Chu-Xia Deng d, Lieve Umans e,f, An Zwijsen e,f, Anita B. Roberts g, David C. Beebe a,h,⁎ a Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA b Developmental Biology Program, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Departments of Pathology and Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA c Molecular Developmental Biology Group, Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA d Genetics of Development and Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA e Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Celgen), Department for Molecular and Developmental Genetics, VIB, Leuven, Belgium f Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Celgen), Center for Human Genetics, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium g Laboratory of Cell Regulation and Carcinogenesis, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA h Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA article info abstract Article history: BMPs play multiple roles in development and BMP signaling is essential for lens formation. However, the Received for publication 9 April 2009 mechanisms by which BMP receptors function in vertebrate development are incompletely understood. To Revised 18 June 2009 determine the downstream effectors of BMP signaling and their functions in the ectoderm that will form the Accepted 25 August 2009 lens, we deleted the genes encoding the type I BMP receptors, Bmpr1a and Acvr1, and the canonical Available online 3 September 2009 transducers of BMP signaling, Smad4, Smad1 and Smad5.
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