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Monastery of Kykkos
Monastery of Kykkos 1 The monastery of the Virgin of Kykkos is located at an altitude of approximately 1,200 meters, about one kilometer from mountain Kykkos, a 1,318 m high peak in the western part of the Troodos range. That peak is also known by the name Throni or Throni of Panagia. The monastery is the most famous and rich among the active Cypriot monasteries of our time. It is also one of the most important in terms of history as well as national and social work. The Holy Monastery of Panagia of Kykkos was founded around the end of the 11th century by Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos, and since then has housed the icon of the Virgin reputedly painted by Apostle Luke. According to the tradition concerning the establishment of the Monastery, a virtuous hermit called Esaias used to live in a cave on the mountain of Kykkos. One day, Manuel Boutomites, the Byzantine governor of the island, who was spending his summer holidays at a village in the Marathasa valley went hunting and was lost in the forest. He came upon the hermit and asked him how he could go back. Esaias wished to avoid all things of this world and so did not reply. His attitude angered Boutomites, who resorted to verbal and even physical abuse. Shortly afterwards, Boutomites was taken ill with an incurable disease. This led him to recall his inhuman behaviour towards Esaias and asked God to make him well so that he could go to the hermit and ask him for his forgiveness. -
The Sacraments of the Assyrian Church of the East
1 The Sacraments of the Assyrian Church of the East The Sacraments of the Assyrian Church of the East Most Rev. Mar Awa Royel Bishop of California First and foremost, in the Western theological jargon the word ‘sacrament’ is spoken of. It comes from the Latin sacramentum, which originally denoted a sacred oath; in general, it was the oath that a Roman soldier gave to Caesar upon the soldier’s inscription in the Roman army.1 It had, therefore, a sacred tone to it—one solemnly vowed to uphold and defend Caesar and the Roman Empire. In the Greek-speaking East, the word for sacrament is mysterion, and in its origins, it refers to the sacred, secret Mystery Cults of the Greek religion (the secret rites of ‘Bacchius’ come immediately to mind). Only those inducted into these sacred rites would be able to know the ‘mystery’ and what it entails. The Assyrian Church of the East makes use of the term rāzā to denote ‘sacrament’ or ‘mystery.’ It comes from the Middle Persian (Pahlavi) term ‘raz,’ meaning something concealed; hidden.2 It must have made its way into Assyrian and then Aramaic sometime in the 4th or 5th century B.C.3 A rāzā, or sacrament, is essentially a mystery through which God acts to impart to us his grace, but we don’t know how this happens. However, we do feel the 1 The first Christian writer to use the word ‘sacrament’ was Tertullian (3rd century), who explained that through Baptism we are ‘enlisted’ into the army of Christ. -
Leibniz on Consciousness and Self-Consciousness Rocco J
Leibniz on Consciousness and Self-Consciousness Rocco J. Gennaro [Final version in NEW ESSAYS ON THE RATIONALISTS, Oxford U Press, 1999] In this paper I discuss the so-called "higher-order thought theory of consciousness" (the HOT theory) with special attention to how Leibnizian theses can help support it and how it can shed light on Leibniz's theory of perception, apperception, and consciousness. It will become clear how treating Leibniz as a HOT theorist can solve some of the problems he faced and some of the puzzles posed by commentators, e.g. animal mentality and the role of reason and memory in self-consciousness. I do not hold Leibniz's metaphysic of immaterial simple substances (i.e. monads), but even a contemporary materialist can learn a great deal from him. 1. What is the HOT Theory? In the absence of any plausible reductionist account of consciousness in nonmentalistic terms, the HOT theory says that the best explanation for what makes a mental state conscious is that it is accompanied by a thought (or awareness) that one is in that state.1 The sense of 'conscious state' I have in mind is the same as Nagel's sense, i.e. there is 'something it is like to be in that state' from a subjective or first-person point of view.2 Now, when the conscious mental state is a first-order world-directed state the HOT is not itself conscious; otherwise, circularity and an infinite regress would follow. Moreover, when the higher-order thought (HOT) is itself conscious, there is a yet higher-order (or third-order) thought directed at the second-order state. -
“State of the Church” Frequently Asked Questions
“State of the Church” Frequently Asked Questions From October 2020 to February 2021, the Annual Conference Moderator hosted the “Moderator’s District Q+A” sessions in partnership with the Annual Conference Moderator-Elect and Secretary; Twenty-four ZOOM sessions were held in 14 districts across the denomination. The focus of the sessions was the “state of the church.” The Q+As were open to all, both clergy and laity; districts were encouraged to publicize them widely. The questions that follow arose from those sessions; they are not exhaustive of every question on the hearts and minds of our constituency. Rather, they are representative of inquiries posed by both clergy and laity in a variety of districts. The responses to each question, also are not exhaustive; additional detail, however, is found in the endnotes. Additional questions are welcome. Abortion • What is the Church of the Brethren position on abortion? In sum: “The Church of the Brethren opposes abortion because the rejection of unborn children violates the love by which God creates and nurtures human life. “We recognize that our society contributes to unwanted pregnancies in many ways and gives too little care to those who must bear the consequences. “We recognize also our responsibility to work for a caring society that undergirds women who choose to carry pregnancies to full term, a caring society that [also] protects integrity of conscience in decision-making in relation to pregnancy and childbearing while also acting to protect the unborn. “We hold ourselves accountable to develop constructive, creative alternatives to abortion in the communities of which we are a part. -
Spirit Speaks January-February 2014 Volume 11 Issue 1
Spirit Speaks January-February 2014 Volume 11 Issue 1 Honoring Presence ~ Nurturing Spirit ~ . ~ Enriching the lives of all we serve Dr. Moira’s Message Dear Ones, A NEW Year! Such a gift! Not all of us were given it in 2014. Many of us saw the transition of loved ones in 2013 and are adjusting to a new reality without them. I know however, that their last gift to us is a reminder to get our house in order, so that when the moment of our own transition arises, we are ready to move into it in grace, peace and joy, and with a sense of accomplishment. Recently, I read somewhere, “So many people complain that there is never enough time and yet they live as though they had all the time in the world.” I am still pondering the insightfulness of these words. When I preside over memo- rial services, I remind us all that whatever it is we have put aside, on the back burner until later, our passed loved ones are saying to us on their departure: “What are you waiting for? When do you think you’ll have enough time to take care of these things? What if you run out of time? Bring these things forward now. Whatever needs mending, fixing, healing and releasing, take care of it now!” The only right time to take care of anything is NOW. This is a great time of year to decide to work on that list of back burner things, and one by one take care of them. -
“Religious Freedom and Holy Sites in the Republic of Cyprus”
“Religious Freedom and Holy Sites in the Republic of Cyprus”. “Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.” (Article 18, UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights) Cyprus possesses a unique history and an ancient civilization that dates back to 9000 BC. Thanks to its geographical location close to the Holy Land, it was one of the earliest countries to embrace Christianity: in 45 AD, when the Apostles Paul, Barnabas and Mark travelled to the island and preached the gospel. It is for this reason that the whole island resembles an open museum of Christian Art, with a huge number of churches and monasteries in urban rural and mountainous areas, frequently decorated with mosaics, murals and icons from every historical period. In Cyprus, the religion of the vast majority of the population – 80% – is Orthodox Christian, while 18% are Muslims and 2% is Maronite Christians, Armenians and Latins. Throughout history, the island’s religious communities coexisted and cooperated together without so much as a single religious conflict! On the contrary, the degree of mutual respect and acceptance was such that, in the towns and villages of Cyprus, Christian churches frequently stood next to Muslim mosques. People lived together, side by side, they took part in one another’s celebrations and they shared one another’s joys and sorrows. This long tradition of peace and friendship among the island’s communities was shattered and mortally wounded by the tragic events of 1974. -
The Great and Holy Synod and Why It Is Important for Orthodoxy
The Great and Holy Synod And Why It is Important for Orthodoxy Background Information—The Ecumenical Councils In the year 325, the Emperor Constantine convened the First Ecumenical Council in Nicea. Why? To put order where there was chaos. In the first three centuries of Christianity, the church was underground and persecuted. When Christianity became the legal religion of the Roman Empire in the early 4th century, as the churches of the various cities began communicating openly, there was disagreement, even scandal and heresy, because there was not agreement on basic tenets of the faith. The First Ecumenical Council gathered all the bishops of all the churches together, and after deliberation and prayer, the result of this Council was the Nicene Creed (our confession of faith) and the Canon of Scripture. Between 325 and 787, seven such Councils were held, which have given us the backbone of our Orthodox theology and praxis. For a Council to be truly “Ecumenical”, it means that all the churches are involved. Following the Great Schism in 1054, and now the further fracturing of Christianity into thousands of denominations, it is not possible to have a Council that is truly “Ecumenical.” The Autocephalous Churches In the Ancient Church, there were five “Patriarchates”—Rome, Constantinople, Jerusalem, Antioch and Alexandria. It is not the Orthodox “tradition” to have one “pope” who speaks infallibly for the whole church. Rather, our system of governance is “collegial” or “synodical.” There were, in the beginning, five autocephalous, or self- governing churches, each being led by a “Patriarch.” The Patriarch of Constantinople is recognized as the “Ecumenical Patriarch.” While he does not have administrative authority over the “Autocephalous” Churches, when all the churches gather together, he sits as the “first among equals.” The Seven Ecumenical Councils, or Synods, were convened under the “synodical” system that was the “tradition” among the ancient Patriarchates. -
Messengerseptember 2018
CHURCH OF THE BRETHREN MessengerSEPTEMBER 2018 WWW.BRETHREN.ORG ANNUAL CONFERENCE 6 LIGHT OVER THE RIVER 14 BRETHREN WOODS 18 BURUNDI 20 So that the world f lourishes IS GOD NUDGING YOU TOWARD A NEW STEP OF FAITH? WHY BETHANY? Seminary education stirs your imagination, launches you on a journey of transformation, and guides you to discover and live out your unique calling. 2 GRADUATE DEGREES 5 GRADUATE CERTIFICATES For 113 years Bethany has brought academic rigor together with practical experience and spiritual exploration, reflecting its Anabaptist-Pietist heritage. Today, this learning experience is accessible through traditional COURSES OFFERED IN degrees, adaptable certificate programs, and individual courses— options MULTIPLE FORMATS AND LOCATIONS that make theological study relevant to the life you lead. Bring your passion for a meaning-filled life, and we’ll provide support for every step of your journey. So that the world flourishes. ALUMNI SERVING THE CHURCH AND WORLD Let’s talk. bethanyseminary.edu 765-983-1800 [email protected] CHURCH OF THE BRETHREN MessengerSEPTEMBER 2018 Vol.167 No. 7 www.brethren.org/messenger Glenn Riegel Publisher: Wendy McFadden Associate editor: Cheryl Brumbaugh-Cayford Web editor: Jan Fischer Bachman At-large editor: Walt Wiltschek Design: The Concept Mill Annual Conference 2018 departments Seeking a compelling vision 6 2 FROM THE PUBLISHER 3 IN TOUCH Light over the river 5 THE EXCHANGE by Jan Fischer Bachman 22 BIBLE STUDY 14 24 MEDIA REVIEW 25 NEWSLINE DIGEST Brethren Woods works toward 28 LETTERS 30 TURNING POINTS 18 an intercultural future 32 POTLUCK A different way of living by Briel Slocum Why would a camp care? by Tim and Katie Heishman Sharing work and soda in Burundi On the cover 20 by Victoria Bateman Who is this not-so-big church Can we live together? with the big ideas? Watch the 27 Reflection by Calvin Park video that inspired the crowd at Annual Conference. -
A Short History of the United Church of Canada's Young Peoples Union
A Short History of the United Church of Canada’s Young Peoples Union (YPU) Introduction The purpose of this short history is to ensure that the story of the Young Peoples Union movement in the United Church of Canada is remembered and preserved in the files of the Archives of the United Church of Canada. Although this short history is based on the files, stories and achievements of one church; namely, Parkdale United Church of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, the same can be said of many United Churches across Canada during the period after Church Union in 1925. The period from approximately 1930 to 1964 saw the development of the United Church Young Peoples Unions (YPU); some were called “Societies”, (YPS) until 1935. They began to form in churches after the June 10, 1925 union of some of the Methodist, Presbyterian and Congregational churches to form the United Church of Canada. It was organized at the National, Conference and Presbytery levels. The YPU had considerable autonomy given to it from the Board of Christian Education. The YPU was born in the Depression years of Canada, 1929-1938, went through the Second World War period, 1939-1945, grew during the post-war period, endured the Korean War of 1950-1953, thrived in the late 50’s as the population of Canada grew, and started to dwindle in the mid-1960s. To examine the Young Peoples Union movement is to look at a very interesting stage of church development and to see 1 how one part of the United Church helped its young people to learn, grow and develop leadership skills and Christian values that have continued to this day. -
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The Free Presbyterian Magazine Vol 110 April 2005 No 4 Which Version?1 he shelves of today’s bookshops carry an almost endless variety of Bible Tversions. But how should we assess them? And should we assume that the newer the translation the better? The book under review should give considerable help to those who are asking these and similar questions. In his Preface, Mr Macgregor gives his own experience: “As a young Christian I went to a church that used the Authorised Version (AV). However, on moving with my wife and family to a different area, we went to a church that used the Good News Bible (GNB) and the New International Version (NIV). This enticed me away from the AV for a while. At first these new versions appeared to be easier to read and understand. However, soon I began to notice serious discrepancies (that is, Old Testament references to Christ veiled or missing) in the GNB. This troubled me greatly. I stopped using it, but continued with the NIV, which seemed more reliable. However, as I studied it and compared it with the AV I had first used, I began to feel concerned. The NIV had verses missing, and later I found it had many words missing. Its rendering of some parts gave a completely different meaning. The more I read and compared, the more concerned I became. Also, like the GNB, the NIV was more difficult to commit to memory. I bought a Revised Authorised Version (called in the USA, and now here, the New King James Version (NKJV)). -
Aspects of Arminian Soteriology in Methodist-Lutheran Ecumenical Dialogues in 20Th and 21St Century
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Helsingin yliopiston digitaalinen arkisto ASPECTS OF ARMINIAN SOTERIOLOGY IN METHODIST-LUTHERAN ECUMENICAL DIALOGUES IN 20TH AND 21ST CENTURY Mikko Satama Master’s Thesis University of Helsinki Faculty of Theology Department of Systematic Theology Ecumenical Studies 18th January 2009 HELSINGIN YLIOPISTO − HELSINGFORS UNIVERSITET Tiedekunta/Osasto − Fakultet/Sektion Laitos − Institution Teologinen tiedekunta Systemaattisen teologian laitos Tekijä − Författare Mikko Satama Työn nimi − Arbetets title Aspects of Arminian Soteriology in Methodist-Lutheran Ecumenical Dialogues in 20th and 21st Century Oppiaine − Läroämne Ekumeniikka Työn laji − Arbetets art Aika − Datum Sivumäärä − Sidoantal Pro Gradu -tutkielma 18.1.2009 94 Tiivistelmä − Referat The aim of this thesis is to analyse the key ecumenical dialogues between Methodists and Lutherans from the perspective of Arminian soteriology and Methodist theology in general. The primary research question is defined as: “To what extent do the dialogues under analysis relate to Arminian soteriology?” By seeking an answer to this question, new knowledge is sought on the current soteriological position of the Methodist-Lutheran dialogues, the contemporary Methodist theology and the commonalities between the Lutheran and Arminian understanding of soteriology. This way the soteriological picture of the Methodist-Lutheran discussions is clarified. The dialogues under analysis were selected on the basis of versatility. Firstly, the sole world organisation level dialogue was chosen: The Church – Community of Grace. Additionally, the document World Methodist Council and the Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification is analysed as a supporting document. Secondly, a document concerning the discussions between two main-line churches in the United States of America was selected: Confessing Our Faith Together. -
The History of the Church of the Brethren
The History of the Church of the Brethren Course Description Instructor Schedule This course examines the Brethren This course will meet at the Young from their origins in Europe to their Center, Elizabethtown College on transplantation and spread in the U.S. September 27 & 28, and on and other countries. Topics will November 15 & 16, 2019. The class include the major divisions, mission runs from 4:00 p.m. - 9:00 p.m. each work, and interactions with wider Friday and 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. Christianity and surrounding cultures. each Saturday, with one-hour breaks Students will learn about some major for meals. Students should also leaders and developments among the budget time for a significant reading Brethren. Along with theological assignment before the first class. concerns, the course will investigate social historical contexts for the Course Objectives Brethren story. After successfully completing this course, the student will be able to: Required Texts 1. Identify and describe three Donald F. Durnbaugh. Fruit of the significant Brethren leaders and how V ine . Jeff Bach is a historian of the Brethren. they helped to shape the history of James Lehman. The Old Brethren. the Brethren. Nancy Kettering Frye. An He directs the Young Center at Uncommon Woman: The Life and Elizabethtown College, where he teaches 2. Analyze at least three contributing Times of Sarah Righter Major. Anabaptist and Pietist history. He earned causes to divisions among the his Ph.D. in religious studies from Duke Brethren in the 1880s. University in 1997. He is also an All books will be available for 3.