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UAR_Tackling_Racism_9.08.2006.qxd 1/11/06 09:01 Page 1 Tackling racism in club football second unite againstsecond conference racism A guide for clubs second unite against racism conference UEFA Media Services www.farenet.org tel: +41 848 04 27 27 fax: +41 22 707 28 38 email: [email protected] Produced by FARE for UEFA UAR_Tackling_Racism_9.08.2006.qxd 1/11/06 09:01 Page 3 racism 03 racism racism 02 racism against against unite unite Contents Page Page 1. About this guide 05 4.e Activities in schools 19 2. What is racism? 07 5. FARE action weeks 20 3. Tackling all forms of racism 08 5.a Keeping the flag flying 21 and discrimination 6. Working with fans 22 3.a Dealing with homophobia 10 and sexism 6.a Dealing with far-right fans 24 Stewarding and policing 4. Running a club-specific 12 7. 26 campaign – Ground rules 8. Working with ethnic minority 28 for action communities 4.a Setting up working groups 14 8.a Ethnic minorities as fans 30 4.b Education through symbolic 15 8.b Increasing opportunities 31 activities for ethnic minorities 4.c Anti-racism days 17 9. Using the media 32 ©UEFA 2006. All UEFA names and logos are registered trademarks of UEFA. All rights reserved. Photographs: Arsenal Football Club, Empics, Getty Images, Kick It Out, People Against Racism (Slovakia), Reuters, UEFA, Woods. 4.d Using players and 18 10. The partnership between 34 Designed and printed by Works Ltd, Leeds (England). managers/coaches UEFA and FARE UAR_Tackling_Racism_9.08.2006.qxd 1/11/06 09:01 Page 5 racism 05 racism racism 04 racism against against unite unite 1. About this guide In 2003, UEFA and FARE jointly These incidents have led to The main issues for clubs are published a good practice guide concerns at a political level, identified as the need to tackle for tackling racism in European with governments seeking to racial abuse and institutional football following the first Unite intervene to encourage and exclusion above all, and then Against Racism conference at support the process of tackling to ensure that we are working Chelsea FC in London. The guide racism and discrimination. to integrate minority and migrant looked at the issues facing communities. This guide sets out national associations and reported Earlier this year, the European what can be done and how. on activities being undertaken by Parliament passed a resolution key actors in European football. noting that protection from The guide has been developed discrimination for reasons of following the second Unite In 2003, the need to tackle racism ethnic origin or nationality is a Against Racism conference was already understood as an fundamental objective of the at the Camp Nou, Barcelona, issue the European game needed European Community. in February 2006. The practice to address with vigour. Since The “Independent Review of suggested here is tried and tested then, the political and sporting European Sport” also noted in its or practical enough to be adapted environment has moved it further report that, “it cannot be ignored to the needs and operating up the agenda. that sports events have often environments of most clubs. witnessed outbreaks of racism Within the game, there has been and xenophobia” and urged It would be impossible to include concern about players who have action from the football family. all examples of good practice in been abused at the highest level; a document of this kind, so the in some countries, far-right and Club football is at the heart of our focus is on setting out broad neo-Nazi activities around sport. The clubs themselves, their principles and advice, with a stadiums have become more players and fans make the news few relevant examples. It is to evident, and prominent individuals week in, week out for most of the all intents and purposes a starting have made abusive comments year. It is where many of the most point that will help us to reach that have been broadcast around dynamic developments in the our collective goal of a sport that the world. game take place. And it is at club is free of discrimination and an level that action to tackle racism exemplar for the ideal of a bears most fruit. multicultural Europe. UAR_Tackling_Racism_9.08.2006.qxd 1/11/06 09:01 Page 7 racism 07 racism racism 06 racism against against unite unite 2. What is racism? Racism is the belief in the Racism is a problem across There also remain forms of superiority of a race, religion or Europe with ethnic minorities racism that are centuries old. ethnic group. It is most commonly and immigrants usually the focus These include racism towards expressed through less favourable of abuse, harassment and Jews (anti-Semitism), Roma treatment, insulting words or discrimination. In many parts of communities and national practices which cause disadvantage. Europe, minorities subjected to minorities. In recent years there racism will be those from has been a growth in Islamophobia, It can occur intentionally, neighbouring countries or regions. resulting in attacks and or through a lack of understanding discrimination against Muslims. and ignorance. It may manifest In West European nations, itself openly or covertly. It occurs victims are often citizens of former at all levels of an industry or colonies, originating from Africa, organisation – within football it the Caribbean or Asia, or have a may range from fans hurling racial background as migrant workers. abuse to exclusionary practices by governing bodies of all levels, clubs or other partners of the game. UAR_Tackling_Racism_9.08.2006.qxd 1/11/06 09:01 Page 9 racism 09 racism racism 08 racism against against unite unite 3. Tackling all forms of racism and discrimination Racism is not difficult to Anti-Semitism remains an issue Dealing with some forms of In all European countries, 'gay' has understand. It manifests itself in in parts of the continent. In some racism is straightforward but it become a synonym for everything different forms but the core issues countries, the Jewish community is not as easy to deal with issues fans dislike. Homophobia and remain consistent. continue to be blamed for problems that may have the tacit support sexism for many fans is simply an despite a presence and influence of the majority population or are integral part of footballing culture. The most common and easily that is far smaller than mythology not clearly visible through being identifiable forms of racism in suggests. It is not uncommon to directed at players on the field It might seem daunting to football are those directed at black see neo-Nazi symbolism and anti- of play. understand how a club could tackle players. Other issues include abuse Semitic slogans inside and outside a problem that has arisen from on the basis of background football stadiums. Other forms of discrimination, generations of conflict or a history directed at, for example, Muslims, such as sexism and homophobia, that refuses to go away. The advice Jews or the Roma community. In some Central and East European are also common in the game. is simple. Understand the issues as countries, systematic discrimination Homophobia can be defined as they affect your club and seek It is also mirrored in football against the Roma is reflected in an irrational fear and intolerance simple but humane ways of through the lack of equal football through racial abuse and of homosexuality, gays, resolving them. Where an issue representation of minorities in the the development of parallel and lesbians. extends beyond football, contribute game; the systematic exclusion of playing structures. what you can to resolving conflict. Roma communities at all levels of the game is one example. In the Balkans, extreme nationalism has led to wars and conflicts that will take generations to overcome. In these regions football is all too often divided along ethnic lines. Religious hatred manifests itself in many forms in Scottish and Northern Irish football with ongoing anti-Catholic and pro-Republican chanting and violence at football matches in Glasgow and Edinburgh. UAR_Tackling_Racism_9.08.2006.qxd 1/11/06 09:02 Page 11 racism 11 racism racism 10 racism against against unite unite 3.a Dealing with Five-point plan against homophobia homophobia and sexism The FARE network has been working with the European Gay and Lesbian Sports Federation and in Homophobia in football is carried The reason players have not come 2005 adopted a five-point plan for fighting sexism by invisibility and silence. out is because the structures of and homophobia: the game of football are not seen There is not a single player in the as tolerant enough for a player to 1 Putting sexism and homophobia on the European professional leagues risk coming out. In order to reach agenda - Underpinning all action is the need to who is openly gay. There are that point, football will need to acknowledge that sexism and homophobia homophobic and anti-homosexual recognise that lesbian and gay exist in football. slogans and chants in most players exist and are a welcome stadiums across Europe. part of our sport. 2 Taking collective responsibility - The abuse Homosexuality continues to associated with sexism and homophobia be regarded as a taboo and affects everybody in football, not just a provocation. homosexuals and women. The activities of The FA in England may serve as good practice for other 3 Focusing our work - The development of European associations in the fight against homophobia. Among the key women’s football has resulted in increased parts of its strategy are visibility (e.g. through good practices, conferences, identification and respect - The existence roundtables, PR campaigns), participation (e.g.

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